scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptomatology among Swedish University Students Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Johansson ◽  
Pierre Côté ◽  
Sheilah Hogg-Johnson ◽  
Ann Rudman ◽  
Lena W. Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Different Populations

Abstract Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on societies, economies, and daily life of citizens worldwide. This has raised important concerns about the mental health of different populations. We aimed to determine if symptom levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were different during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to before, with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale as main outcome. We also aimed to determine whether pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality and mental health problems were associated with worse trajectories of mental health. Methods. We conducted a cohort study with 1658 Swedish university students answering questionnaires before the pandemic and a 81 % response-rate to follow-ups during the pandemic. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean levels of symptoms before and during the pandemic, and to estimate effect modification by levels of loneliness, sleep quality and pre-existing mental health problems. Results. We found small differences in symptoms. Mean depression increased by 0.23/21 (95% CI:0.03 to 0.43), mean anxiety decreased by -0.06/21 (95% CI: -0.21 to 0.09) and mean stress decreased by - 0.34/21 (95% CI: -0.56 to -0.12). Loneliness, poor sleep quality and pre-existing mental health problems minimally influenced trajectories. Conclusions. Contrary to widely held concerns, we found minimal changes in mental health among Swedish university students during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Swedish University Students Before and During Six Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Johansson ◽  
Pierre Côté ◽  
Sheilah Hogg-Johnson ◽  
Ann Rudman ◽  
Lena W. Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has a profound effect on societies and citizens worldwide, raising concerns about potential mental health impacts. We aimed to describe trajectories of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to before, and determine if trajectories were modified by pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality and mental health problems. We conducted a cohort study with 1836 Swedish university students entering before the onset of the pandemic, March 13, 2020, with follow-ups within three (FU1) and six months (FU2) of the outbreak. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean differences in symptom levels over time-periods, and to estimate potential effect modifications. We found small differences in mean levels of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) over time. Compared to before the pandemic, depression increased by 0.25 points of 21 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.45) at FU1 and decreased by -0.75/21 (95% CI: -0.97 to -0.53) at FU2. Anxiety decreased from baseline to FU1 by -0.09/21 (95% CI: -0.24 to 0.07) and by -0.77/21 (95% CI: -0.93 to -0.61) to FU2. Stress decreased from baseline to FU1 by -0.30/21 (95% CI: -0.52 to -0.09) and by -1.32/21 (95% CI: -1.55 to -1.09) to FU2. Students with pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality and pre-pandemic mental health problems did not show worse trajectories of mean mental health symptoms. In conclusion, symptom levels were relatively stable during the first three months of the pandemic, while there was a slight decrease during the summer months, probably due to seasonality effects.

scholarly journals Depression, anxiety and stress among Swedish university students before and during six months of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110158
Author(s):  
Fred Johansson ◽  
Pierre Côté ◽  
Sheilah Hogg-Johnson ◽  
Ann Rudman ◽  
Lena w. Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Over Time

Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on societies and citizens worldwide, raising concerns about potential mental health impacts. We aimed to describe trajectories of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to before the outbreak, and to determine if trajectories were modified by pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality and mental health problems. Methods: We conducted a cohort study with 1836 Swedish university students entering the study before 13 March 2020, the onset of the pandemic, with follow-ups within three (FU1) and six months (FU2) of the outbreak. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean differences in symptom levels over time-periods, and to estimate potential effect modifications. Results: We found small differences in mean levels of the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) over time. Compared to before the pandemic, depression increased by 0.25 points of 21 (95% CI: 0.04 to −0.45) at FU1 and decreased by 0.75/21 (95% CI:−0.97 to −0.53) at FU2. Anxiety decreased from baseline to FU1 by 0.09/21 (95% CI: −0.24 to −0.07) and by 0.77/21 (95% CI: −0.93 to −0.61) to FU2. Stress decreased from baseline to FU1 by 0.30/21 (95% CI: −0.52 to −0.09) and by 1.32/21 (95% CI: −1.55 to −1.09) to FU2. Students with pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality or pre-pandemic mental health problems did not have worse trajectories of mean mental health symptoms. Conclusions: Symptom levels were relatively stable during the first three months of the pandemic, while there was a slight decrease during the summer months, probably due to seasonality effects.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF SLEEP PROBLEMS AND COMMON MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING STUDENTS OF SGT UNIVERSITY, GURUGRAM, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Niyatisheokand a ◽  
◽  
Nimmi A. Jose ◽  
Abhishek Kapoor ◽  
Priya Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality

Introduction:Sleep is naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness, inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles and reduced interactions with surroundings. Chronic disturbances can lead to poor sleep quality which may manifest as increased irritability, anxiety, tension, depression, confusion. The undergraduate years are a period of vulnerability when considering sleep problems and mental health may tend to worsen over time. Alcohol, tobacco, and stimulant beverages such as tea/ caffeine affect the quality of sleep. Students are more prone to adopt and practice maladaptive sleep hygiene such as irregular bedtime, academic pressure, internet addiction, electronic media exposure, alcohol consumption and smoking, which affects quality of sleep. Material and Methods:The study was a cross sectional, interview based, non-interventional studyconducted on the engineering students at SGT University, Budhera, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. Data was collected through questionnaires such as Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, The Epworth `Sleepiness Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, The general health questionnaire. Results:A total of 274 students were included in the study. The mean age was20.11 ± 1.30 years and there were more male (77.3%) students as compared to females (22.7%). Alcohol use was present in 43(11.7%) of students, cannabis intake was present in 11(4%), nicotine intake was reported by 39(14.2%) of students and only one student reported of taking opioid. DASS-A, DASS-S, DASS-D, GHQ-12, PSQI were positively correlated with each other when associations were studied individually. Conclusion:In our study,it was established that poor sleep quality in engineering students was significantly associated with poor mental and physical health.

scholarly journals Early indicators and risk factors associated with mental health problems during COVID-19 quarantine: Is there a relationship with the number of confirmed cases and deaths?

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402096602
Author(s):  
Héctor Badellino ◽  
María Emilia Gobbo ◽  
Eduardo Torres ◽  
María Emilia Aschieri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: On March 20 2020, the Argentine Ministry of Health enforced a mandatory quarantine throughout the country in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: The object of this study is to determine the initial impact on mental health of Argentine population, by measuring the prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and self-perceived stress and by determining the associated risk factors, and to analyze that impact in relation to the number of confirmed cases and deaths. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted through a digital questionnaire, which was completed by 1,985 respondents between March 29 and April 12. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress and insomnia was measured with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7), the 9-Item Patients Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Results: The 62.4% of the surveyed population reported signs of psychological distress. It was found that being a woman, being 18 to 27 years old, living with family members or a partner, smoking, and having a poor sleep quality were the significant risk factors. Conclusion: Despite the low number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths at that time, a strong impact on mental health indicators was revealed. The authors of this study recommend the monitoring of the population at risk over time and early interventions in order to avoid long-lasting mental health problems.

Sleep Pattern, Sleep Disturbances and Sleepiness in the Retired Iranian Elderly

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
S.K. Malakouti ◽  
M. Foroughan ◽  
M. Nojomi ◽  
M. Ghalebandi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Older People ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality

Complaints of sleep disturbance increase with age and many studies have been reported on the relation of sleep problems with greater use of health services, physical and mental morbidity, functional decline and all cause mortality. This study aimed to examine the sleep patterns and sleep disturbances in Iranian older people and to see how their sleep quality relates to their health status. 400 men and women, 60 years or older, interviewed by trained psychiatrist regarding their physical and mental health status, then the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and General Health Questionnaire implemented on them. The gathered data analyzed by chi-square test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance and logistic regression. The results showed that the majority of participants (82.6%) suffered from poor sleep quality and approximately one third had sleepiness (29.2%) during daytime. Difficulty falling (p≤0.001) and maintaining (p≤0.01) sleep and feeling too hot at night sleep (p≤0.005) were significantly more prevalent in women, but men suffered more from leg twitching (p≤0.01). Being female (OR=2.52), and having GHQ scores more than 11 (OR=4.14) increased the risk of poor sleep quality considerably. Promoting sleep hygiene education and screening of mental health problems in primary health care services for older people are recommended.

scholarly journals Effect of COVID-19 Quarantine on the Sleep Quality and the Depressive Symptom Levels of University Students in Jordan During the Spring of 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Saadeh ◽  
Maha Saadeh ◽  
Wesam Almobaideen ◽  
Assem Al Refaei ◽  
Nour Shewaikani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the effect of COVID-19 home quarantine and its lifestyle challenges on the sleep quality and mental health of a large sample of undergraduate University students in Jordan. It is the first study applied to the Jordanian population. The aim was to investigate how quarantine for several weeks changed the students' habits and affected their mental health.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a random representative sample of 6,157 undergraduate students (mean age 19.79 ± 1.67 years, males 28.7%) from the University of Jordan through voluntarily filling an online questionnaire. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to assess sleep quality and depressive symptoms, respectively.Results: The PSQI mean score for the study participants was 8.1 ± 3.6. The sleep quality of three-quarters of the participants was negatively affected by the extended quarantine. Nearly half of the participants reported poor sleep quality. The prevalence of poor sleep quality among participants was 76% (males: 71.5% and females: 77.8%). Similarly, the prevalence of the depressive symptoms was 71% (34% for moderate and 37% for high depressive symptoms), with females showing higher prevalence than males. The overall mean CES-D score for the group with low depressive symptoms is 9.3, for the moderate group is 19.8, while it is 34.3 for the high depressive symptoms group. More than half of the students (62.5%) reported that the quarantine had a negative effect on their mental health. Finally, females, smokers, and students with decreased income levels during the extended quarantine were the common exposures that are significantly associated with a higher risk of developing sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms.Conclusions: Mass and extended quarantine succeeded in controlling the spread of the COVID-19 virus; however, it comes with a high cost of potential psychological impacts. Most of the students reported that they suffer from sleeping disorders and had a degree of depressive symptoms. Officials should provide psychological support and clear guidance to help the general public to reduce these potential effects and overcome the quarantine period with minimum negative impacts.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Effects of Stressful Life Events on Problematic Smartphone Use and the Mediating Roles of Mental Health Problems in Chinese Undergraduate Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengjia Zhao ◽  
Nani Ding ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Huihui Xu ◽  
Xinyi Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Smartphone Use

Background and Aims: This three-wave longitudinal study investigated the effects of stressful life events on problematic smartphone use and the mediating roles of mental health problems (i.e., depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, and suicidal ideation) in Chinese undergraduate students.Methods: A total of 197 undergraduate students completed the three-wave surveys. Their severity of stressful life events, mental health problems, and problematic smartphone use were assessed.Results: Regression analyses revealed that stressful life events at T1 was significantly associated with problematic smartphone use at T3. Mediation analyses showed that mental health problems (i.e., depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, and suicidal ideation) at T2 fully mediated the association between stressful life events at T1 and problematic smartphone use at T3 (B = 0.042, 0.034, and 0.022, respectively).Conclusions: The present study revealed that stressful life events and mental health problems (i.e., depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, and suicidal ideation) are predictors of problematic smartphone use in Chinese college students.

Pain, Bullying Involvement, and Mental Health Problems Among Children and Adolescents With ADHD in Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Yeh ◽  
Mei-Feng Huang ◽  
Yu-Yu Wu ◽  
Huei-Fan Hu ◽  
Cheng-Fang Yen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Educational Professionals ◽  
Relational Bullying

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of pain and pain-induced functional impairment with bullying involvement, as well as the relationships between pain and mental health problems among 474 children and adolescents with ADHD. Method: The levels of pain, pain-induced functional impairment, involvement in bullying, depression, anxiety, ADHD symptoms, and sleep quality were assessed. Results: Both victims of verbal and relational bullying and victims of physical bullying were more likely to have pain and pain-induced functional impairment than nonvictims. The perpetrators of verbal and relational bullying were more likely to have pain than the nonperpetrators. Participants with pain and pain-induced functional impairment experienced more severe depression and anxiety and worse sleep quality than did those without pain or pain-induced functional impairment. Conclusion: Clinical and educational professionals should consider the possibility of involvement in bullying and comorbid depression, anxiety, and poor sleep quality among ADHD children and adolescents with pain problems.

scholarly journals From Stress to Psychopathology: Relationship with Self-Reassurance and Self-Criticism in Czech University Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kotera ◽  
Jaroslava Dosedlova ◽  
Denise Andrzejewski ◽  
Greta Kaluzeviciute ◽  
Makoto Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Transactional Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
As Stress

AbstractPsychological stress has become a major concern, potentially leading to diverse health problems including psychopathology such as depression and anxiety. Transactional Model of Stress and Coping is an established model, conceptualizing stressful experiences via person–environment relationship. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the pathway from stress to depression/anxiety, with a focus on self-criticism (inadequate-self and hated-self) and self-reassurance (reassured-self) in Czech students who suffered from high prevalence of mental health problems. Convenience sample of 119 undergraduates completed the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and the Forms of the Self-Criticizing/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale. Correlation and path analyses were conducted. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were used to aid an accurate and complete report of the study. Depression, anxiety, and stress were positively associated with inadequate-self and hated-self while negatively associated with reassured-self. Both inadequate-self and hated-self partially mediated the stress–depression and stress–anxiety relationships, whereas reassured-self only partially mediated the stress–depression relationship. Inadequate-self had greater impact on the stress–depression/anxiety pathways than hated-self and reassured-self. Findings indicate that clinical treatment may benefit from targeting the feelings of inadequacy to prevent stress progressing to psychopathology. This is particularly relevant as stress levels are rising globally. Our findings offer developments to the Transactional Model, and help practitioners and educators identify solutions to protect mental health of Czech university students.

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