Clinico-epidemiological spectrum of thyroid illness after salt iodination program in Nepal
Abstract Background Thyroid disorder is an important endocrine disorder in Nepal which is mostly due to environmental deficiency of iodine. The earliest and potentially most damaging result of iodine deficiency is neonatal hypothyroidism and cretinism characterised by learning disabilities and poor motivation to achieve. Methods We selected one thousand known cases of thyroid disorders who visited biochemistry department of shree Birendra Hospital, chaunni for routine tests. A detailed history was obtained and free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) estimation was done in Seimens CP Chemiluminiscence Immunoassay analyser. Result Puffiness of face, hoarseness of voice and weight gain were the presenting features in hypothyroid patients, whereas weight loss and restlessnes were predominant features in hyperthyroid patients. In our study the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was 27% and 12.5% respectively. Conclusion None of our patients had visible neck swellings or goiter which had subsided after salt iodination program in Nepal as environmental deficiency of iodine was the primary factor for development of goiter in Nepal.