scholarly journals A prospective descriptive study of evaluation of menstrual disorders in thyroid dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2759
Author(s):  
Durgavathi Kothapalli ◽  
Kamesari Kolluru
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Menstrual Irregularities ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Common Manifestation

Background: Menstrual irregularities are common with thyroid disorders. It has been reported that hyperthyroidism the most common manifestation is simple oligomenorrhea and hypothyroidism usually is associated with polymenorrhea. Present study has been designed to evaluate the menstrual and endometrial patterns in women with thyroid disorders in costal Andhra Pradesh.Methods: During the study period of two years and ten months we have enrolled 110 patients with clinical presentation of thyroid disorder with menstrual irregularities as per our study criteria. Based on report patients were divided in to three groups, hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and subclinical hypothyroidism. Based on abnormal menstrual pattern patients were divided in to menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, and amenorrhea groups. Endometrial biopsy was taken from women in perimenopausal age group and histopathological examination was done to know the pattern of endometrium.Results: Subclinical hypothyroidism was present in 24 (21.81%) patients, hypothyroidism was present in 52 (47.27%) patients and hyperthyroidism was present in 34 (30.90%) patients. amenorrhea was present in 26 (23.63%) patients, oligomenorrhea was present in 12 (10.90%) patients, Intermenstrual bleeding was present in 2 (1.81%) patients, Menorrhagia was present in 44 (40%) patients which was most common type of menstrual disorder and Polymenorrhagia was present in 26 (23.63%) patients.Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is most common thyroid disorder followed by hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism is least common. We have found that menstrual irregularities are more common in hypothyroid patients than hyperthyroid. Menorrhagia and Polymenorrhagia is more common than amenorrhoea and oligomenorrhea in hypothyroid patients. 

scholarly journals A study of correlation between thyroid disorders and menstrual disorders in reproductive age group

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3183-3190
Author(s):  
Moulika Shirish Shah ◽  
Patange R. P
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Menstrual Irregularities ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Present study to evaluate and detect thyroid dysfunction and its correlation in patients with a menstrual disorder in the reproductive age group. Research objectives are to study the prevalence of thyroid disorders in relation to menstrual disorders and study the correlation between menstrual irregularities and thyroid dysfunction. Precise assessments of thyroid hormones in serum become achievable easily and accurately with the introduction of new hormographical research techniques. Hypothyroidism diagnosis is advantageous because it typically relieves the patient of all symptoms. Therefore, the assessment of thyroid activity forms an essential component for the evaluation of a female with menorrhagia or otherwise menstrual irregularities. The individuals are rescued from repeated curettage from hysterectomy by early diagnosis of hypothyroidism Objectively measured menstrual blood losses were 35 ml per menstrual cycle (patients in the age group exposures.

scholarly journals Study on thyroid function test in pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar Nayak ◽  
Manorama Swain ◽  
Sujata Misra ◽  
Manju Kumari Jain
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Free T4

Thyroid disorder is a very common endocrine problem encountered by pregnant women. Maternal thyroid dysfunction is associated with adverse outcome both in mother and fetus. The aim of the study: to find out the prevalence of various thyroid disorders in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. Materials and methods. This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, F.M. Medical College & Hospital, Balasore, Odisha from June 2020 to May 2021. 220 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy were included. Serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) were estimated by using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay technique. Results. Out of 220 pregnant women screened for thyroid dysfunction, 68 were found to have thyroid disorders. 27.3 % of pregnant women had subclinical hypothyroidism, 1.4 % had overt hypothyroidism, 1.8 % had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 0.5 % had overt hyperthyroidism. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 6.36 % when the upper reference limit of TSH level taken as 4 mIU/L. Prevalence of thyroid disorder among pregnant women in the age groups 18–25 years, 26–30 years and 31–40 years were 28.9 %, 32.1 % and 38.9 % respectively. There were 35.5 %, 28 % and 26 % pregnant women with thyroid disorders in the first, second and third trimester respectively. Prevalence of both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism were more in multigravida compared to primigravida. Conclusion. Our study revealed high prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women and maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common pattern.

scholarly journals Pattern of Thyroid Dysfunction in Women with Menstrual Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Sharad Gautam ◽  
Rajendra KC ◽  
Shruti Singh ◽  
Shrijana Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Menstrual Disorder

BACKGROUNDThyroid disorders are among the commonest endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid dysfunction can interfere in multiple metabolic and physiological processes including menstrual cycle. This study was conducted to find pattern of thyroid dysfunction among women with menstrual disorders.METHODSTwo hundred thirty three females with menstrual disorders were screened for thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid function was assessed by measuring serum free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.RESULTSThe mean age of study patients was 25.7±6.8 years. The most common menstrual disorder observed was irregular cycle (72.5%, n=169) followed by amenorrhea (21.9%, n=51) and menorrhagia (5.6%, n=13). Most of the patients were in the age group 15-24 years (51.1%, n=119), followed by 25-34 years (36.1%, n=84) and 35-45 years (12.9%, n=30). Mean level of free T3 and T4 was 2.91±1.05 pg/ml, 1.42±0.57 ng/dl respectively. Median TSH was 2.0 mIU/L (IQR, 1.0-4.0). Thyroid dysfunction was seen in 25.8% (n=60) women. Most common thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism (14.2%, n=33) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (6.9%, n=16), overt hyperthyroidism (3%, n=7) and overt hypothyroidism (1.7%, n=4).CONCLUSIONSThe study finds thyroid dysfunction especially subclinical hypothyroidism to be common among women with menstrual disorders. Thus, it may be beneficial to screen menstrual disorder patients for thyroid function especially to rule out thyroid disorder as potential etiological agent for menstrual disturbance.

scholarly journals A study of prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in abnormal uterine bleeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2905
Author(s):  
Aditi Rai ◽  
Sapna Raina
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total N ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most frequent presentation to gynecology OPD. AUB is a common but complicated clinical presentation and occurs in 15-20% of women between menarche to menopause and significantly affects the women’s health. Thyroid disorders are more common in women than in men and cause abnormal sexual development, menstrual irregularity, infertility and premature menopause. Objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid disorders in women in reproductive age group with AUB.Methods: A hospital based prospective cross sectional observational study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer and Medical Center and Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital at Narayana Health City, Bangalore with abnormal uterine bleeding during the period of 2 years (December 2015 to November 2017), total 153 patients were included in the study. All women with AUB in reproductive age group were included. Diagnosed cases of ovarian cyst, uterine fibroid, polyp, adenomyosis, endometriosis and malignant (endometrial and cervical) tumors were excluded. Women who are on drugs or hormone therapy (for past 3 months. IUCD users/oral contraceptives pill user. Patients with known case of thyroid disorder, carcinoma thyroid patients with history of coagulation disorder, liver disorder, renal disorder, tuberculosis.Results: A total N=115 (75.2%) of patients who took part in this study had euthyroid status. The estimated prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 24.9%. Out of which n=22 (14.4%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, n=14 (9.2%) had overt hypothyroidism, n=2 (1.3%) had hyperthyroidism. The most common thyroid dysfunction amongst the study group was noted to be subclinical hypothyroidism (14.4%).Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders in cases which are clinically diagnosed as AUB. TSH is most sensitive test in detecting thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical cases need to be treated. Hence thyroid function evaluation should be made mandatory in cases of AUB to detect thyroid dysfunction.

scholarly journals Association between thyroid disorders and abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3580
Author(s):  
Aiyleen S. Shawl ◽  
Massarat Naz
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Age Group

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) means any bleeding that is not normal in amount, duration, frequency, and cyclicity. It is a common disorder occurring in reproductive age group females. It can be understood as bleeding that occurs from the uterus outside the normal parameters and there are no structural defects in the genital tract. One of the most common associations with AUB is thyroid dysfunctions. Hence, this study aimed to see the incidence of thyroid-related disorders in AUB and also to assess the menstrual pattern.Methods: A total 100 women suffering from AUB who presented to OPD of the gynecology department of L D Hospital Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir were recruited in the study. All females in 19 to 45 years of age group with abnormal uterine bleeding were included excluding those with a previously known thyroid disorder, abortion history within 3 months, etc. Thyroid function tests were done in all along with ultrasonography of the pelvis region. Data were analyzed using SPSS software v.23.0. and Microsoft office 2007.Results: The bleeding abnormality that was found in most of the women was heavy menstrual bleeding. Out of the 100 patients taken into study 11 had thyroid disorders, out of which subclinical hypothyroidism was most prevalent accounting for 8 cases, 2 cases were found to have hypothyroidism and 1 case of hyperthyroidism was detected.Conclusions: Abnormal uterine bleeding has a strong association with thyroid disorders. The most common type of disorder is subclinical hypothyroidism. Thus, all patient of AUB must be evaluated for thyroid dysfunction.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Thyroid Disorders – A retrospective study at BPKIHS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Anuskha Agrawal ◽  
Nidhi Rani ◽  
Robin Maskey
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
American Thyroid Association ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Endocrinology Clinic

Background: The thyroid gland produces two key metabolic hormones which regulate metabolic rate, growth and development. They play vital roles in digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development and maintenance of bones. People suffering from thyroid disorders may have autoimmune disease, ranging from primary hypothyroidism, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, to hyperthyroidism caused by Graves’ disease. Objectives: To study clinical profile of thyroid disorders in endocrinology clinic of BPKIHS, Nepal. Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective study of past five years (2012 – 2017) done in department of internal medicine at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, in which thyroid disorder patient records from the endocrinology clinic will be compiled together will be analyzed after classifying them according to the guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA). Results: Among 584 thyroid disorder cases that were sampled, higher prevalence of thyroid disorders was seen in females, and the Male: Female ratio was 1:4.13. Most common type of thyroid disorder was Hypothyroidism (29.6%) followed by Subclinical hypothyroidism (28.3%). Conclusions: Thyroid disorders are more common in females than males and hypothyroidism being commonest thyroid disorder in our setup. Subclinical hypothyroidism is second commonest followed by hyperthyroidism. In Subclinical hypothyroidism Anti TPO antibody is most commonly found to be positive.

scholarly journals Screening for thyroid disorders in asymptomatic adults from Brazilian populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Benseñor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Western World ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Effective Option

Advances in thyroid disorder diagnosis have created new thyroid disorder categories such as subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. In the 1980s, immunometric assaying for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) emerged and became defined as the most cost-effective test in thyroid disorder screening. The second step in the screening of thyroid disorders is to determine free thyroxine (FT4), and cost-effective methods for its detection are now available. Using TSH and FT4, it is possible to determine four situations: clinical hyperthyroidism, clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism can be a strong indicator of risk for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women. Cardiovascular mortality among Brazilian women is one of the highest in the Western world. The best-known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Although these are recognized as primary risk factors, there are other risk factors that could be identified as primordial risk factors. This may be the case for subclinical hypothyroidism. Early detection of thyroid disorders in women over fifty could be a highly cost-effective option in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders among Brazilian women.

scholarly journals Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Modifiable Risk Factor for Retinal Vein Occlusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Gupta ◽  
Kapil Deb Lahiri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factor ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: It is well established that overt hypothyroidism, itself was a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Retinal Venous Occlusion (RVO) is caused by localised atherosclerosis. Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) also cause arteriosclerosis thereby could be an important causative factor for RVO. But no study on SCH in RVO has taken place in Indian population. Aim: To find the prevalence of SCH in RVO in Indian Population. Materials and Methods: Thyroid hormones and Anti-Tissue Peroxidise (TPO) antibody was measured in 479 RVO cases in this two year prospective cross-sectional study in ESIC medical college. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and presented in tables. Results: In this study, 312 males (aged 52±7.2 years) and 167 females (aged 47±7.7 years) with RVO were screened for thyroid hormones and anti-TPO antibody. Thyroid disorders were found in 162 patients out of 479 participants in this study (33.8%). Moreover, 52 cases were found to have SCH (10.8%) which is 32.1% of total thyroid disorder among RVO cases.An118 patients had high anti-TPO antibody among 162 RVO cases with thyroid disorders (72.8%) and only 67 had high anti-TPO antibody among 317 euthyroid RVO cases (21.1%). Conclusion: This study has shown that SCH was a modifiable risk factor of RVO. Therefore, understanding the prevalence of SCH in this population might help in the prevention of RVO by secondary preventive intervention. Moreover, all SCH cases should be referred to ophthalmologist for evaluation of retinal vasculature.

scholarly journals A study of prevalence of thyroid disorders in type 2 diabetic patients in tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1383
Author(s):  
K. Sankar Reddy ◽  
E. Pragnanjali ◽  
M. Dorsanamma ◽  
M. V. Nagabushana
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Low T3

Background: Insulin and thyroid being intimately involved in cellular metabolism, excess or deficit of one of these hormones leads to abnormality of the other. Association between type 1diabetes and hypothyroidism may be autoimmune. Association of poorly controlled diabetes and thyroid results in a low T3 state and loss of TSH response to TRH. The objective of the present endeavor is to study the thyroid functions in diabetics and to know the spectrum of thyroid dysfunction in DM.Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study of 100 diabetic patients admitted in medical wards in a duration of 6 months from November 2017 to May 2018 of both sexes in between age group of 30-80years. All these patients underwent thyroid profile tests. Detailed history and examination done on these patients.Results: Out of total 100 patients included in the study, thyroid disorder was present in 29%. Hypothyroidism in 1 patient, sub clinical hypothyroidism in 15 patients, hyperthyroidism was present in 13 patients. Females (36%) had high incidence than males (22%). Elderly people had higher incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism (18.2%), clinical features of hyperthyroidism present in 8 patients, Poor hypoglycemic control seen in hyperthyroid individuals (55.5%). Duration of diabetes had no relation with incidence of thyroid disorders.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid disorders in diabetic patients was 29%. Elderly population had more incidence. Subclinical hypothyroidism more common than other conditions. It was more common in females than in males. There is no relation in between duration of diabetes and thyroid disorder. Severe complications were noted in patients with sub clinical hypothyroidism.

Clinico-epidemiological spectrum of thyroid illness after salt iodination program in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arabinda Mohan Bhattarai ◽  
Dipendra Raj Pandeya ◽  
Sulochana Parajuli ◽  
Salina Pradhananga
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Abstract Background Thyroid disorder is an important endocrine disorder in Nepal which is mostly due to environmental deficiency of iodine. The earliest and potentially most damaging result of iodine deficiency is neonatal hypothyroidism and cretinism characterised by learning disabilities and poor motivation to achieve. Methods We selected one thousand known cases of thyroid disorders who visited biochemistry department of shree Birendra Hospital, chaunni for routine tests. A detailed history was obtained and free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) estimation was done in Seimens CP Chemiluminiscence Immunoassay analyser. Result Puffiness of face, hoarseness of voice and weight gain were the presenting features in hypothyroid patients, whereas weight loss and restlessnes were predominant features in hyperthyroid patients. In our study the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was 27% and 12.5% respectively. Conclusion None of our patients had visible neck swellings or goiter which had subsided after salt iodination program in Nepal as environmental deficiency of iodine was the primary factor for development of goiter in Nepal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document