scholarly journals Pattern of Thyroid Dysfunction in Women with Menstrual Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Sharad Gautam ◽  
Rajendra KC ◽  
Shruti Singh ◽  
Shrijana Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Menstrual Disorder

BACKGROUNDThyroid disorders are among the commonest endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid dysfunction can interfere in multiple metabolic and physiological processes including menstrual cycle. This study was conducted to find pattern of thyroid dysfunction among women with menstrual disorders.METHODSTwo hundred thirty three females with menstrual disorders were screened for thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid function was assessed by measuring serum free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.RESULTSThe mean age of study patients was 25.7±6.8 years. The most common menstrual disorder observed was irregular cycle (72.5%, n=169) followed by amenorrhea (21.9%, n=51) and menorrhagia (5.6%, n=13). Most of the patients were in the age group 15-24 years (51.1%, n=119), followed by 25-34 years (36.1%, n=84) and 35-45 years (12.9%, n=30). Mean level of free T3 and T4 was 2.91±1.05 pg/ml, 1.42±0.57 ng/dl respectively. Median TSH was 2.0 mIU/L (IQR, 1.0-4.0). Thyroid dysfunction was seen in 25.8% (n=60) women. Most common thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism (14.2%, n=33) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (6.9%, n=16), overt hyperthyroidism (3%, n=7) and overt hypothyroidism (1.7%, n=4).CONCLUSIONSThe study finds thyroid dysfunction especially subclinical hypothyroidism to be common among women with menstrual disorders. Thus, it may be beneficial to screen menstrual disorder patients for thyroid function especially to rule out thyroid disorder as potential etiological agent for menstrual disturbance.

Thyroid evaluation of children and adolescents with Williams syndrome in Zhejiang Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Jun Chen ◽  
Chai Ji ◽  
Dan Yao ◽  
Zheng-Yan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine

AbstractBackground:The objective of the study was to describe the prevalence of abnormal thyroid function and volume in children and adolescents with Williams syndrome (WS) in Zhejiang Province, China.Methods:Thyroid function, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid antibodies (thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin) were measured in 83 patients with WS, aged 0.2–16.5 years. Twenty-three patients were followed for an average of 1.7 years (0.4–4.1), and multiple TSH determinations were considered. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed on 49 patients.Results:One patient was diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism, and 23 patients (27%) had subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Thyroid antibodies were absent in all patients. In five age groups (0–1 years, 1–3 years, 3–6 years, 6–9 years, 9–18 years), the prevalence of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism was 25%, 28.5%, 44.4%, 16.7% and 4.7%, respectively. Through ultrasound examination, 21 patients (42%) were observed to have thyroid hypoplasia (TH), and there were no cases of thyroid haemiagenesis. The incidence rate of TH increased with age, rising from 20% in the youngest group to 66% in the oldest.Conclusions:SH and TH is common in children and adolescents with WS. Yearly evaluation of thyroid must be performed in all patients in this population, regardless of the result of the neonatal screening. Age under 6 years and existing thyroid abnormalities are risk factors for developing SH, and a shorter follow-up interval is needed for screening in these individuals, SH is often self-limiting, and clinicians should be alert to overt hypothyroidism.

Thyroid Dysfunction States and Incident Cardiovascular Events: The Tehran Thyroid Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Tohidi ◽  
Arash Derakhshan ◽  
Samaneh Akbarpour ◽  
Atieh Amouzegar ◽  
Ladan Mehran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Middle Eastern Population

AbstractThe objective of the study was to investigate the relation of different thyroid function states with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD)/coronary heart disease (CHD) among a Middle-Eastern population with a high incidence of CVD/CHD. A total of 3975 participants entered the study (43.6% men). According to their thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxin (FT4) levels, the participants were categorized into 5 groups: euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and overt hyperthyroidism. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the relation of different thyroid function states with incident CVD/CHD, with euthyroid state as reference. The mean age (SD) of the participants was 46.5 (12.0) years. At baseline, no significant difference was observed in the frequency of prevalent CVD cases (n=201) between all groups. No significant interaction was found between prevalent CVD and different thyroid function states with outcomes, hence, we did not exclude participants with prevalent CVD from data analysis. A total of 400 CVD events (358 CHD cases) during a median follow-up of 11.2 years (inter-quartile range: 1.96) occurred. During the follow-up, even in the age and sex adjusted model, no association was observed between different states of thyroid dysfunction and incidence of CVD/CHD. The multivariable hazard ratios (95% CI) of subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and hyperthyroidism for CVD events were 1.21 (0.77–1.88), 0.76 (0.33–1.69), 0.81 (0.46–1.41) and 1.48 (0.70–3.16), respectively. Both at baseline and during follow-up, no relation was observed between different states of thyroid function with prevalence and incidence of CVD/CHD.

scholarly journals Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women and its effect on fetomaternal outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sharmeen ◽  
PA Shamsunnahar ◽  
TR Laita ◽  
SB Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objectives: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. It is now well established that not only overt but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome. There are few data from Bangladesh about the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. With this background, this study aims to find out thyroid dysfunction (both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism) in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome.Methods: We studied the evaluation of 50 admitted pregnancies corresponding to 29 women with subclinical hypothyroidism and rest 21 was overt hypothyroidism. Detailed history and examination were performed. Apart from routine obstetrical investigations, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) estimation was done. Their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: Overt hypothyroidism was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 25 to 44 years age group. However two and three abortions were significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients. In sub clinical hypothyroidism 86.2% conceived firstly within 2 years and 66.7% in overt hypothyroidism patients conceived firstly in between 3 to 5 years after marriage. Overt hypothyroids were prone to have pregnancy-induced hypertension 42.9%, intrauterine growth restriction (P=0.001) and gestational diabetes (38.1%) as compared to subclinical cases. Neonatal complications were significantly more in overt hypothyroidism group. Mean TSH level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients but mean FT4 level was almost similar in both groups. Majority of the patient underwent caesarean section in both groups due to associated medical and obstetrical complications. None of the babies showed hypothyroidism by cord blood tests. In this analysis our results showed that overt hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women are associated with more maternal complication & adverse parental outcome than subclinical hypothyroidism. The adequate treatment of hypothyroidism during gestation minimizes risks and generally, makes it possible for pregnancies to be carried to term without complications. Significant adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome were seen emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (2): 52-57

scholarly journals Association between ultrasonography echogenicity and heterogeneity and thyroid function in autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases in children and adolescents 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Park ◽  
Sook Min Hwang ◽  
Ji-Young Hwang ◽  
Jin Hee Moon ◽  
Ik Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Overt Hyperthyroidism

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the association between thyroid echogenicity and heterogeneity seen on ultrasonography (US) and thyroid function in pediatric and adolescent populations with autoimmune diffuse thyroid diseases (AITD).Methods: From 2000 to 2020, we reviewed thyroid ultrasound (US) images and thyroid function statuses in 133 children and adolescent AITD patients. Our review of the images focused on decreased echogenicity and heterogeneity, which were classified into four grades.Results: Among patients with overt hypothyroidism or overt hyperthyroidism, 94.2% (65/69) showed a US grade of 3 or 4. In patients with subclinical hyper/hypothyroidism or euthyroidism, 45.3% (29/64) showed grades 1 or 2. There were no overt hyper/hypothyroidism patients with US grade 1. When we compared US grades according to thyroid status, more severe thyroid dysfunction was significantly associated with higher US grade (p=0.047). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level differed significantly according to US grades when we evaluated hyperthyroid (p=0.035) and hypothyroid (p=0.027) states independently. 11 patients showed both US grade and thyroid function status changes on follow-up US.Conclusions: In children and adolescent AITD patients, there was an association between decreased echogenicity and heterogeneity on US and thyroid dysfunction.

scholarly journals Status of Thyroid Function among Patients of National Medical College and Teaching Hospital

Med Phoenix ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Anup Shamsher Budhathoki ◽  
Suprita Gupta ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Sah ◽  
Navin Kumar Sah ◽  
Navin Kumar Sah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
National Medical College ◽  
Medical College ◽  
National Medical ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrinopathies after Diabetes Mellitus. Thyroid dysfunction is defined as the alteration in Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) with normal or abnormal thyroid hormones. Nepalese population have a high risk for thyroid dysfunction with a high prevalence of iodine deficiency. Objective: To study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the patients visiting National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal for checkup and suggested to assess thyroid function. Materials and Methods: The hospital-based study was conducted in Central Laboratory, National Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Birgunj in collaboration with the Department of Biochemistry. Total 7040 patients visiting Central Laboratory for thyroid function assessment were included in the study between July 2017 to December 2019. The venous blood sample was collected and serum-free triiodothyronine(fT3), free tetraiodothyronine(fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was estimated by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) method using Access 2 Beckman Coulter analyser. (Beckman Coulter Inc., California, USA). Results: Among 7040 subjects under study, 2138(30%) were found to have thyroid dysfunction with 13% having subclinical hypothyroidism, about 8% of overt hypothyroidism, about 4% with subclinical hyperthyroidism and 5% with overt hyperthyroidism. Majority of the thyroid dysfunction study group belonged to the 16-30 years age group followed by 31-45 years. Mean±SE for TSH, fT4 and fT3 levels show statistically significant differences in different thyroid disorders. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism followed by overt hypothyroidism among the patients visiting National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal. A higher percentage of females were found to have thyroid dysfunction compared to male.

Subclinical hypothyroidism

2011 ◽  
pp. 543-547
Author(s):  
Jayne A. Franklyn
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Serum Tsh

Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined biochemically as the association of a raised serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration with normal circulating concentrations of free thyroxine (T4) and free triiodothyronine (T3). The term subclinical hypothyroidism implies that patients should be asymptomatic, although symptoms are difficult to assess, especially in patients in whom thyroid function tests have been checked because of nonspecific complaints such as tiredness. An expert panel has recently classified individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism into two groups (1): (1) those with mildly elevated serum TSH (typically TSH in the range 4.5–10.0 mU/l) and (2) those with more marked TSH elevation (serum TSH >10.0 mU/l).

scholarly journals Thyroid dysfunction in preeclampsia and related fetomaternal outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1928
Author(s):  
Puja Banik ◽  
R. K. Praneshwari Devi ◽  
Aheibam Bidya ◽  
Akoijam Tamphasana ◽  
M. Agalya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Changes in thyroid function in normal pregnancy are well-documented but in complicated pregnancy like preeclampsia, very little is known. Studies have shown evidences of hypothyroidism in preeclampsia necessitating thyroid function tests to be done in preeclampsia. The study was done to analyze the fetomaternal outcome of preeclampsia with coexisting thyroid dysfunction.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was done over 18 months on 95 preeclamptic patients admitted at the antenatal ward and fetomaternal outcomes were analyzed according to thyroid status.Results: Out of 95 patients with preeclampsia, 42 (44.2%) had thyroid dysfunction. Among these 42 patients, 37 (38.9%) patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, 4 (4.2%) had overt hypothyroidism and 1 (1%) had hyperthyroidism. Severe preeclampsia was seen in 64.3% of the patients with thyroid dysfunction compared with 39.6% in euthyroid patients. The mean thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was significantly higher and means free thyroxine (fT4) level was significantly lower in severe preeclampsia compared with non-severe preeclampsia. Complications like abruption, intrauterine fetal death (IUD), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), oligohydramnios, preterm deliveries, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), low birth weight babies, birth asphyxia in babies and subsequent neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were significantly higher (p <0.05) in the preeclampsia patients with thyroid dysfunction in comparison with euthyroid ones.Conclusions: Hypothyroidism may be a modifiable risk factor for preeclampsia. Thyroid screening early in pregnancy may be helpful in predicting the occurrence of preeclampsia and timely thyroid hormone administration can reduce the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of renal function in subclinical hypothyroidism

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 050-055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayetha P. Patil ◽  
Alagilwada S. Shilpasree ◽  
Vidya S. Patil ◽  
Kangokar R. Pravinchandra ◽  
Deepti G. Ingleshwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Function Parameter ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) have a few or no symptoms or signs of thyroid dysfunction and thus by its very nature, SCH is a laboratory diagnosis. Serum creatinine is elevated and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values are reversibly reduced in overt hypothyroid patients. We hypothesize that SCH also may be associated with low GFR. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was (1) to know the effect of SCH on kidney function, (2) to find the correlation between the renal function parameter creatinine, estimated GFR (eGFR), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and (3) to know if creatinine values can be predicted by TSH values in SCH cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study for 1 year. A total of 608 subjects of either sex were included in the study and were divided into 3 groups: (1) SCH, (2) overt hypothyroidism (OHT), and (3) euthyroidism (ET). TSH, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and serum creatinine were estimated and eGFR was calculated using modification of diet in renal disease study equation and the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equations. RESULTS: Serum creatinine levels were higher and eGFR was lower significantly in the subclinical hypothyroid group when compared to the control ET group (P < 0.001). The overtly hypothyroid group had significantly higher levels of serum creatinine and lower eGFR when compared to both the groups (P < 0.001). Significant correlation between TSH, creatinine, and eGFR was found in OHT group only. Linear regression analysis showed the regression in creatinine upon TSH is attributable to 44.5% among OHT group, 48.2% in SCH group. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the SCH group behaves biochemically similar to OHT group and changes in serum creatinine reflect tissue hypothyroidism in SCH cases.

scholarly journals Obesity and hypothyroidism

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Zakharova ◽  
L V Savelieva ◽  
M I Fadeeva
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Obesity and hypothyroidism are common diseases, and consequently clinicians should be particularly alert to the possibility of thyroid dysfunction in obese patients. The relationship between thyroid function and obesity is likely to be bidirectional, with hypothyroidism affecting weight, but obesity also influencing thyroid function. Both serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and fT3 are typically increased in obese individuals, an effect likely mediated by leptin. Following L-T4 treatment for overt hypothyroidism, weight loss appears to be modest and mediated primarily by loss of water weight rather than fat. Selected thyroid analogs might be a means by which to improve weight loss by increasing energy expenditure in obese patients during continued caloric deprivation

scholarly journals Relationship between Different Psoriasis Types and Thyroid Dysfunction: A Retrospective Analysis

Scanning ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Juan Du ◽  
Chunyue Ma ◽  
Runnan Wang ◽  
Lanmei Lin ◽  
Luhui Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Thyroxine

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between different psoriasis types and thyroid dysfunction. Methods. The data of patients diagnosed with psoriasis between January 2013 and October 2018 who underwent thyroid function tests were collected. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were measured. The thyroid function of patients with psoriasis vulgaris, pustular psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis was evaluated, and the differences in hormone levels and antibodies in the pituitary-thyroid axis with psoriasis type were analyzed. Results. The data of a total of 468 patients were analyzed in this study. The proportion of normal hormone levels was higher among vulgaris patients ( P < 0.001 ), while the erythrodermic patients were more likely to have decreased FT3 or FT4 but normal TSH ( P < 0.001 ). FT3 levels were lower in pustular patients ( P < 0.05 ), FT4 levels were lower in erythrodermic patients ( P < 0.05 ), and TSH levels were higher in patients with psoriatic arthritis ( P < 0.05 ). TPOAb levels were higher than normal in all patients, but there was no significant difference in the levels of TPOAb and TGAb among 4 types of the patients. Conclusion. Psoriasis is related to thyroid dysfunction, especially in patients with atypical psoriasis types. The possibility of complications should be considered in erythrodermic patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document