Does Socioeconomic Environment Is A Risk Factor For Malaria In Senegal ? A DHS Data Analysis of Malaria Trends From 2010 To 2016 In Senegal

Abstract Introduction Analysis of the evolution of malaria will help address the determinants of malaria elimination in this country. The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of malaria in Senegal from 2010 to 2016.MethodsThis article uses data from the Senegalese Demographic and Health Surveys (for 2010-2011, 2012-2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. To assess the factors associated with the positivity of the RDT, a multivariate logistic analysis was conducted to account for the effect of confounding factors. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated with their 95% confidence intervals. The dependent variable was the result of the Malaria rapid diagnostic test. ResultsThe malaria prevalence rate varies from 3.01% in 2010 to 0.87% in 2016. The risk factors associated with the evolution of malaria were the age of the child (4 years (aOR=1.82 [1.14-2.89]) and 5 years (aOR=1.98 [1.21-3.25]). The richest wealth quintile was a protective factor against malaria with aOR=0.02 [0-0.18]. Other protective factors against malaria were the construction characteristics of the houses. These are houses with improved wall and roof materials with aOR 0.45 [0.24-0.85] and 0.48 [0.25-0.93] respectively.Conclusion Factors associated with the evolution of malaria in Senegal are children’s age, level of wealth of the household and type of dwelling in the house. It should be noted that the level of development of countries, by influencing better living conditions for communities, remains an important prerequisite for the elimination of malaria in the African sub region and in Senegal in particular.

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Factors associated with the development of ocular candidiasis and ocular prognosis with echinocandin therapy for candidemia

Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection ◽

10.1186/s12348-021-00248-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daiki Sakai ◽

Wataru Matsumiya ◽

Sentaro Kusuhara ◽

Makoto Nakamura

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Medical Records ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Logistic Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Analysis ◽

Systemic Antifungal Therapy

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the factors associated with the development of ocular candidiasis (OC) and ocular prognosis with echinocandin therapy for candidemia. Methods The medical records of 56 consecutive patients with a positive blood culture for Candida species between November 2016 and October 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Information on patient characteristics, isolated Candida species, treatment details for candidemia, and ocular findings were extracted to identify factors associated with OC development. Results The leading pathogen of candidemia was Candida albicans (C.albicans) (41.1%). Of 56 patients, 18 (32.1%) were diagnosed with chorioretinitis, categorized as either probable (8 patients) or possible OC (10 patients). There was no case of endophthalmitis with vitritis. The incidence of probable OC was not significantly different between the groups treated with echinocandins and other antifungal drugs (15.2% vs. 11.1%, p = 1.00). In all probable OC cases, systemic antifungal therapy was switched from echinocandins to azoles, and no case progressed to endophthalmitis. A multivariate logistic analysis revealed that female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–72.9) and C. albicans (aOR, 23.6; 95% CI, 1.8–281) were independent factors associated with the development of probable OC. Conclusion One-seventh of patients with candidemia developed probable OC. Given the evidence of female and C. albicans as the factors associated with OC development, careful ophthalmologic management is required with these factors, especially in candidemia. Although echinocandins had no correlation with OC development and did not lead to the deterioration of ocular prognosis, further investigation is required.

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Beyond national indicators: adapting the Demographic and Health Surveys’ sampling strategies and questions to better inform subnational malaria intervention policy

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-021-03646-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ifeoma D. Ozodiegwu ◽

Monique Ambrose ◽

Katherine E. Battle ◽

Caitlin Bever ◽

Ousmane Diallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Surveys ◽

Survey Design ◽

National Level ◽

National Policy ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Malaria Indicator Survey ◽

Narrow Scope

AbstractIn malaria-endemic countries, prioritizing intervention deployment to areas that need the most attention is crucial to ensure continued progress. Global and national policy makers increasingly rely on epidemiological data and mathematical modelling to help optimize health decisions at the sub-national level. The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program is a critical data source for understanding subnational malaria prevalence and intervention coverage, which are used for parameterizing country-specific models of malaria transmission. However, data to estimate indicators at finer resolutions are limited, and surveys questions have a narrow scope. Examples from the Nigeria DHS are used to highlight gaps in the current survey design. Proposals are then made for additional questions and expansions to the DHS and Malaria Indicator Survey sampling strategy that would advance the data analyses and modelled estimates that inform national policy recommendations. Collaboration between the DHS Program, national malaria control programmes, the malaria modelling community, and funders is needed to address the highlighted data challenges.

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Trends in stunting and overweight in Peruvian pre-schoolers from 1991 to 2011: findings from the Demographic and Health Surveys

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014000275 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 2407-2418 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Helga Bjørnøy Urke ◽

Maurice B Mittelmark ◽

Martín Valdivia

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Wealth Quintile ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Sampling Weights ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Growth Standards ◽

Low Educated

AbstractObjectiveTo examine trends in stunting and overweight in Peruvian children, using 2006 WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study criteria.DesignTrend analyses using nationally representative cross-sectional surveys from Demographic and Health Surveys (1991–2011). We performed logistic regression analyses of stunting and overweight trends in sociodemographic groups (sex, age, urban–rural residence, region, maternal education and household wealth), adjusted for sampling design effects (strata, clusters and sampling weights).SettingPeru.SubjectsChildren aged 0–59 months surveyed in 1991–92 (n 7999), 1996 (n 14 877), 2000 (n 11 754), 2007–08 (n 8232) and 2011 (n 8186).ResultsChild stunting declined (F(1, 5149) = 174·8, P ≤ 0·00) and child overweight was stable in the period 1991–2011 (F(1, 5147) = 0·4, P ≤ 0·54). Over the study period, levels of stunting were highest in rural compared with urban areas, the Andean and Amazon regions compared with the Coast, among children of low-educated mothers and among children living in households in the poorest wealth quintile. The trend in overweight rose among males in coastal areas (F(1, 2250) = 4·779, P ≤ 0·029) and among males in the richest wealth quintile (F(1, 1730) = 5·458, P ≤ 0·020).ConclusionsThe 2011 levels of stunting and overweight were eight times and three and a half times higher, respectively, than the expected levels from the 2006 WHO growth standards. The trend over the study period in stunting declined in most sociodemographic subgroups. The trend in overweight was stable in most sociodemographic subgroups.

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Time trends in and factors associated with repeat adolescent birth in Uganda: Analysis of six demographic and health surveys

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0231557 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. e0231557 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dinah Amongin ◽

Annettee Nakimuli ◽

Claudia Hanson ◽

Mary Nakafeero ◽

Frank Kaharuza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Trends ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Adolescent Birth

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Factors Associated with Stunting among Children under 5 Years in Five South Asian Countries (2014–2018): Analysis of Demographic Health Surveys

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123875 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3875

Author(s):

Nidhi Wali ◽

Kingsley E. Agho ◽

Andre M.N. Renzaho

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Age Groups ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Sampling Weights ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Child Undernutrition ◽

The Common ◽

Nutrition Sensitive ◽

Children Under 5

South Asia continues to be the global hub for child undernutrition with 35% of children still stunted in 2017. This paper aimed to identify factors associated with stunting among children aged 0–23 months, 24–59 months, and 0–59 months in South Asia. A weighted sample of 564,518 children aged 0–59 months from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (2014–2018) was combined of five countries in South Asia. Multiple logistic regression analyses that adjusted for clustering and sampling weights were used to examine associated factors. The common factors associated with stunting in three age groups were mothers with no schooling ([adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for 0–23 months = 1.65; 95% CI: (1.29, 2.13)]; [AOR for 24–59 months = AOR = 1.46; 95% CI: (1.27, 1. 69)] and [AOR for 0–59 months = AOR = 1.59; 95% CI: (1.34, 1. 88)]) and maternal short stature (height < 150 cm) ([AOR for 0–23 months = 2.00; 95% CI: (1.51, 2.65)]; [AOR for 24–59 months = 3.63; 95% CI: (2.87, 4.60)] and [AOR for 0–59 months = 2.87; 95% CI: (2.37, 3.48)]). Study findings suggest the need for a balanced and integrated nutrition strategy that incorporates nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions with an increased focus on interventions for children aged 24–59 months.

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Demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive methods in Pakistan: a comparative study of demographic and health surveys, 1990–2018

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-020-01112-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sadia Jabeen ◽

Adnan Rathor ◽

Maria Riaz ◽

Rubeena Zakar ◽

Florian Fischer

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Media Exposure ◽

Data Series ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Supply Side ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

Demand And Supply ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Supply Side Factors

Abstract Background A remarkable decline in fertility rates has been observed in many countries, with a primary determinant being an increase in the use of contraceptives. However, the birth rate in Pakistan is still higher compared to the other countries of the region. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan. Methods Secondary data analysis of four data series of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS 1990–1991, 2006–2007, 2012–2013 and 2017–2018) were used. The data includes ever-married women aged 15–49 years who had given birth in the previous five years and participated in the family planning module of the PDHS. A total of 25,318 women were included in the analysis. Data were analysed by investigating the associations between independent variables (demand- and supply-side factors) and the use of contraceptive measures through unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (AOR). Results The results among demand-side factors indicated that in 2012–2013, women without media exposure were less likely to use contraceptives and the trend remains almost constant for 2017–2018 (AOR = 0.664, 95% CI 0.562–0.784) in 2012–2013 and (AOR = 0.654, 95% CI 0.483–0.885) in 2017–2018. However, they still show a lower likelihood of using contraceptives without media exposure. The results among supply-side factors indicated that absence of transport (2012–2013) and limited visits by family planning workers over the previous 12 months (2006–2007, 2012–2013 and 2017–2018) remained significant factors for not using contraceptive methods. Conclusions The results of the study indicate that certain demand- and supply-side factors are associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan. It highlights the need for the provision of family planning resources and further structural factors, particularly in remote areas.

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