scholarly journals A Pilot Study on Developing Quantitative Indices for Age-Related Changes in Maxillary Primary Molar Root Canal Morphology

Author(s):  
Guili Dou ◽  
Bin Xia ◽  
Yijiao Zhao ◽  
Zhipeng Sun

Abstract Objectives To elucidate age-related changes in the root canal morphology of primary molars and determine new indices to detail the root canal anatomy by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods CBCT data of primary molars from 57 children aged 3–8 years without systemic diseases that affect tooth development were collected. The following indices were defined and calculated using Mimics 17.0, 3-Matic 9.0, and ImageJ software: (i) the cross-sectional area of the root canal; (ii) R.15: the proportion of the lateral canal wall with an inner diameter less than 0.15 mm; (iii) LC/LR: the ratio between the canal length and root length; and (iv) Ndis: the discontinuous canal count. Correlation analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to assess the variants and age-related changes in canal morphology.Results On CBCT analysis, the cross-sectional area of the root canals for mesiobuccal (MB) roots, palatal (P) roots and distobuccal (DB) roots was negatively correlated with age (P<0.05), with a correlation coefficient of -0.41, -0.42, and -0.26, respectively. The R.15 of MB roots was positively correlated with age (P<0.05, rs=0.39). The value of LC/LR for MB, DB, and P roots decreased with age, with a correlation coefficient of -0.39, -0.42, and -0.29, respectively (P<0.05). The risk of discontinuous canals (Ndis) for MB, DB, and P roots increased with age (P<0.05), with an odds ratio of 1.61, 1.48, and 1.60 respectively.Conclusions The new indices developed in the study based on CBCT successfully demonstrate age-related changes in the root canals of primary molars.

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Yoomin Choi ◽  
Seonmi Kim ◽  
Namki Choi

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the roots and roots canals of primary molar teeth using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).<br/>A total of 68 CBCT images of children aged 4 - 5 years was used for this study. A total of 160 molar teeth were analyzed. Various parameters such as the number of roots and canals, length of root and root canal, and the angulation and shape of the roots were analyzed.<br/>All maxillary primary molars had 3 roots. The presence of 2 root canals in 1 root was only observed in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary primary second molars. Most mandibular primary molars had 2 roots, and most mesial roots had 2 root canals.<br/>Concerning the length of the roots, the palatal root of the maxillary primary molar was found to be longest whereas the distobuccal root was shortest. In mandibular primary molars, the mesial root was longer than the distal root. In maxillary primary molars, the palatal root had the greatest angulation whereas the distal root has the greatest in mandibular molars. The root and root canals of maxillary primary molars were more curved in shape whereas mandibular primary molars were straight.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alexander Juhasz ◽  
Csaba Hegedus ◽  
Ildiko Marton ◽  
Balazs Benyo ◽  
Kaan Orhan ◽  
...  

The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of some parameters which characterise the change in morphology in human root canals subjected to ProTaper rotary enlargement with the help of an X-ray microfocus computed tomography (MCT) and to introduce a novel parameter that is effective in quantifying changes in root canal morphology. Ten each straight and curved root canals with mature apices chosen from extracted human upper incisor and canine teeth were scanned with MCT before and after canal shaping using ProTaper rotary instruments in order to facilitate three-dimensional digital reconstruction and quantitative gauging of relevant instrumental parameters and changes therein (surface area and volume). Root canal geometry change and the effectiveness of shaping were quantified with Structure Model Index change (ΔSMI) and surface area change to volume change ratio (ΔSA/ΔV). These two parameters were also tested on simulated canals. Postinstrumentation cross-sectional changes were also analysed, but only on the plastic blocks. Statistical analysis of parameters was carried out to verify the significance of results. Analysis of cross-sectional shape of postinstrumented resin simulated canals showed statistically significant decrease in Form Factor (p<0.05) and statistically significant increase in Eccentricity (p<0.005). ΔSMI did not show significant difference between straight and curved canals. SMI values showed bidirectional change during root enlargement which questions the reliability of this metric in analysing instrumentation. Statistically significant (p<0.005) deviations in ΔSA/ΔV were quantified as 1.92 and 3.22 for straight and curved human canals, respectively. Instrumentation-induced canal geometry change was determined to be more pronounced in curved canals using the novel parameter ΔSA/ΔV. This has been proven as being a statistically accurate and reproducible parameter for quantitative characterisation of root canal geometry change and differentiation of preparational efficacy for both straight and curved root canals.


2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Goh ◽  
D. F. Holmes ◽  
H.-Y. Lu ◽  
S. Richardson ◽  
K. E. Kadler ◽  
...  

Connective tissues are biological composites comprising of collagen fibrils embedded in (and reinforcing) the hydrated proteoglycan-rich (PG) gel within the extracellular matrices (ECMs). Age-related changes to the mechanical properties of tissues are often associated with changes to the structure of the ECM, namely, fibril diameter. However, quantitative attempts to correlate fibril diameter to mechanical properties have yielded inconclusive evidence. Here, we described a novel approach that was based on the rule of mixtures for fiber composites to evaluate the dependence of age-related changes in tendon tensile strength (σ) and stiffness (E) on the collagen fibril cross-sectional area fraction (ρ), which is related to the fibril volume fraction. Tail tendons from C57BL6 mice from age groups 1.6–35.3months old were stretched to failure to determine σ and E. Parallel measurements of ρ as a function of age were made using transmission electron microscopy. Mathematical models (rule of mixtures) of fibrils reinforcing a PG gel in tendons were used to investigate the influence of ρ on ageing changes in σ and E. The magnitudes of σ, E, and ρ increased rapidly from 1.6monthsto4.0months (P-values <0.05) before reaching a constant (age independent) from 4.0monthsto29.0months (P-values >0.05); this trend continued for E and ρ (P-values >0.05) from 29.0monthsto35.3months, but not for σ, which decreased gradually (P-values <0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed that age-related changes in σ and E correlated positively to ρ (P-values <0.05). Collagen fibril cross-sectional area fraction ρ is a significant predictor of ageing changes in σ and E in the tail tendons of C57BL6 mice.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
KranthiRaja Kacharaju ◽  
Padmini Hari ◽  
Ang Yee ◽  
Jaron Ngo ◽  
MuhamadFareez Ismail

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036
Author(s):  
Deepa Gurunathan ◽  

It is of interest to compile available information on the root canal morphology of primary maxillary molars from known literature. The literature resources used to collect data include Medline/PubMed, The Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, SIGLE and Science Direct. Data consists of type of population, number of teeth per study, number of root canals, canal length and type of root canal configuration. We used data from a total of 13 studies (951 primary maxillary molars). Maxillary molars (1st and 2nd) are dominant for two roots variant. The first molar the mean root length ranges from 7.9mm – 8.1mm. The second molar ranges from 7.2mm-8.5mm. Type I (explain in a phrase) canal morphology is the common variant in both the molars. Data shows that Root Canal morphology shows variations with the diagnostic aid (example micro CT) used and in different ethnic populations.


2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (210) ◽  
pp. 616-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushmita Shrestha ◽  
Smriti Karki ◽  
Navin Agrawal ◽  
Mannu Vikram ◽  
Vimmi Singh ◽  
...  

  Introduction: Canals can be of different shapes in cross section including round canals, oval canals, long oval canals or ribbon shaped canals. Recesses of nonround canals may not be included in the round preparation created by rotary instruments and thus they remain unprepared. The aim of this study included determination of shape and taper of the apical root canal based on diameter at different levels. Methods: This was a cross sectional study which used convenient sampling technique to determine the sample size. Seventy extracted teeth were sectioned horizontally at one, two and three millimeter from the apex using the diamond disc which was observed under trinocular research microscope for the determination of diameter of root canal under 10x magnification. Results: The most common canal configuration was oval. The taper of the canals was 25% in mesial root and 20% in distal in bucco-lingual orientation and 14% in mesial root and 15% in distal in mesio-distal orientation. Conclusions: The most prevalent canal configuration in this study was non round, however, most of the rotary instruments tend to prepare root canals into round shape making their use questionable. The taper of the root canals was found to be higher in our study than what most of the shaping instruments have to offer. So it would be advisable to consider this fact while selecting instruments and preparing these non-round canals as far as the Nepalese subpopulation is considered.


2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Paula Perlea ◽  
◽  
Cristina Nistor ◽  
Alexandru Andrei Iliescu ◽  
Daniel Nistor ◽  
...  

The complex root canal system of maxillary second premolars shows variations among different populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of second maxillary premolars in the romanian population. The number of roots, root canals and the root canal configuration were investigated using radiographs in both buccal-oral and mesio-distal incidence. They were categorized using Weine’s classifi cation. Among the 480 teeth, 90.83% had one root and 66.67% one root canal. The frequency of secondary maxillary premolars with two root canals (33.12%) shouldn’t be underestimated. Knowing the variations of the internal root canal morphology of maxillary second premolars in a certain population can lead the clinician to a better approach of the endodontic treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Vasavi Santosh ◽  
Rhea Reji John ◽  
Mandavi Waghmare ◽  
Reema Manoj

The purpose of this study was to determine the variations in the number of canals and its morphology in permanent mandibular first molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a subset of Indian population. A total of 350 CBCT scans were collected and evaluated in all three orthogonal planes to determine the number of root canals and study their anatomic variations using Vertucci’s classification.: The total number of roots and root canals, the root canal configuration, the incidence, and the correlations between left- and right-side occurrences and between males and females were analysed. Statistically significant differences were evaluated using the chi-square test with SPSS 16.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL), with significance set at p &#60; 0.05.: The results of this study showed that predominantly, two thirds of the subjects had type VI mesial canal configuration and two-thirds had type I distal canal configuration. Also there was significant variance in the canal anatomy across gender and age of the subjects.: CBCT is a clinically useful tool in understanding the variations in root canal morphology, which guides in the assessment of the canal morphology aiding in successful root canal treatment.


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