scholarly journals The Biopsychosocial Indicators of Health and Social Needs Related to Poverty and Adversity Among Vulnerable and Homeless Children in Tanzania: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfrida Mwashala ◽  
Julian Grant ◽  
Udoy Saikia ◽  
Diane Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Homeless Children ◽  
The Third ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Bioecological Theory

Abstract Background Childhood poverty and adverse experiences contribute to child vulnerability, hindering healthy childhood growth and development pathways. Currently, the evidence on adversities related to vulnerable and homeless children's health and social needs in Tanzania is limited as a result of the complex social, economic, and political environment. Objectives This review investigates the biopsychosocial indicators of health and social needs related to vulnerable and homeless children facing poverty and a range of adversities in Tanzania. The main objective is to conduct a scoping review of the published literature to identify key evidence and to suggest future research needs.MethodsA data search was undertaken between May and September 2020. Data sources included literature identified through electronic databases, such as CINAHL, Pub Med, Psych Info, and Medline. Further additional studies were located through a manual search of an organisational website and reference list. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were: (i) Published in the English language; (ii) Peer-reviewed and published within the past 10 years; (iii) Subjects included children aged from 0-18 years who were vulnerable due to poverty and a range of adversities; and iv) Studies conducted only in Tanzania. The five-step scoping review process was followed, as developed by Arksey and Malley (2005). Data were analysed using thematic analysis, and conceptualised using the third iteration of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory to identify the indicators relating to vulnerable and homeless children's health and social needs (1, 2). Results Three themes were identified in the literature, including the increasing burden of disease and mortality, poor access to service delivery for vulnerable and homeless children, and a lack of adherence to local and national policies to protect children. The articles collated with similar themes were presented together. These themes were conceptualized using the third iteration of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory.Conclusion There is a need for greater investment in public health measures to detect vulnerable and homeless children's clinical risks, particularly given the COVID-19 pandemic which has exacerbated childhood adversities, with implications for children's overall health in Tanzania. Further research should explore ways to forge links for program implementation between multi-sector stakeholders and primary healthcare systems through early recognition of indicators and reduction of alienation within communities. This will enhance health and social support care for vulnerable and homeless children.

scholarly journals What Are the Client, Organisational and Employee-Related Outcomes of High Quality Leadership in the Allied Health Professions? A scoping review.

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice McKeever ◽  
Ted Brown
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference List ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Consumer Expectation ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Modern Health Care

Background: Leadership is viewed as the panacea the complex problems in modern health care where chronic disease, contracting budgets and rising consumer expectation are challenging care provision. As the second largest workforce in Australia, Allied Health Professionals (AHP) are core contributors to health teams however they are largely absent from leadership positions and there is little evidence of their impact on client outcomes. Aim: A scoping review was carried out to synthesise evidence on the client, organisational and employee-related outcomes of high quality leadership in Allied Health. Method: A search of grey literature, peer and non-peer reviewed literature was undertaken using Embase, Emcare, SCOPUS and Psychinfo from 2010-2017. Data were sourced from journals, government reports, conference presentations and other grey literature. The reference list of key articles were hand searched for relevant research. Results: A total of 5880 articles were identified and after screening 35 articles were included for in depth review. Leadership contributed towards positive outcomes in all three domains and had influence across professional groups and services. Leaders are highly valued and respected by their teams. Allied Health leaders did not feature in any of the articles and AHP were the focus of only seven studies. The majority of articles were conference papers or case reviews that provided little robust data making it difficult to draw substantive conclusions on the outcome of AHP leadership. Conclusion: There was a lack of robust data specific to AHP leaders. Future research should attempt to gather evidence of the outcomes of AHP leadership through qualitative and quantitative means to substantiate the anecdotal evidence for high quality AHP leaders. 

Appropriateness of Standard Accounting Tools in Measuring Social Innovation in the New Global Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 332-348
Author(s):  
Sanja Franc ◽  
Mirjana Hladika
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Social Innovations

The global economy brings about new trends, challenges, and needs, which require new solutions. Social innovations can have a major role in satisfying unmet social needs and increasing overall well-being. Measuring social innovation is therefore an important task with the purpose of informing the stakeholders about the performance value that an innovation creates. Standard accounting tools often neglect social or environmental impact, and thus, new or adjusted methods need to be developed. The objective of this chapter is to analyze methods of measuring social innovation and discuss advantages and disadvantages of traditional measures versus new approaches with the purpose of better understanding the significance of social innovation in the global economy. The chapter consists of six parts. After the introduction follows the literature review. The third part of the chapter discusses different approaches to measuring innovations while the fourth part suggests some new approaches to measuring social innovations. The fifth part describes future research perspectives. The final part is the conclusion.

scholarly journals Mapping evidence on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in low-and-middle-income countries: scoping review protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce T. Shatilwe ◽  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Healthcare Information

Abstract Background Research shows that there are inadequate interventions in resource-limited settings that could enable women of reproductive age to access and use health services in those settings. The main objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in LMICs. Method and analysis The primary search will include Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCOhost (Academic search complete, CINAHL with full text, MEDLINE with full text, MEDLINE), Emerald, Embase, CDSR, PsycINFO, published and peer review journals, organisational projects, conference papers, reference list, grey literature sources, as well as reports related to this objective will be included in the study. Identified keywords will be used to search articles from the studies. The articles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers (JS and TPMT). Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be considered to guide the screening. A thematic content analysis will be used to present the narrative account of the reviews, using NVivo computer software (version 11). Discussions The scoping review will focus on women of reproductive age in LMICs. We anticipate finding relevant literature on the interventions aimed at accessing health care services in LMICs. The study findings will help reveal research gaps to guide future research. Scoping review registration Not registered with PROSPERO (not needed). Protocol and registration This scoping review was not registered.

The Importance of Research to School Nurses and School Nursing Practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Hootman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
School Health ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
School Nursing ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nursing Interventions ◽  
Research Activities

Historically, school nursing has not documented sufficiently the health issues in schools, nor has it prioritized these issues for school nursing interventions or evaluated the effectiveness of nursing interventions. The National Association of School Nurses (NASN) is strongly committed to the advancement of children’s health. Thus, NASN is developing an infrastructure to support research that articulates the health conditions affecting children’s school success and the contributions of school nursing to children’s health and academic success. In 1999, NASN participated with the National Center for School Health and the National Nursing Coalition for School Health at a Research Summit to set a school nursing research agenda. Needs and issues were identified for future research activities. The primary outcome was the identification that school nurses must practice the standards of care pertaining to research. These standards specify that clinicians be informed about, supportive of, and participate in the conduct and use of research.

scholarly journals Evidence Review, Co-Production and Prototyping A Process of Creating a Consumer Research Contact List in a Paediatric Health Setting: The PARTICIPATE Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenella Jane Gill ◽  
Catherine Pienaar ◽  
Tanya Jones
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Research ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Recruitment ◽  
Contact List ◽  
Evidence Review ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of child health research can be far reaching; affecting children’s immediate health, their adult health, the health of future generations and the economic wellbeing of countries. Consumer and community involvement is increasingly recognised as key to successful research recruitment. Systematic approaches to research recruitment include research registries or research contact lists. Objective: Develop a process of creating a consumer research contact list for participating in future research opportunities at a children’s health service.Methods: A healthcare improvement approach used a 3 stage framework; 1) evidence review and consultation 2) co-production of a research communications plan with stakeholders and consumers, including a draft research information brochure 3) prototyping involved iteratively testing the brochure, surveying parents or carers who attended outpatient clinics or the hospital Emergency Department, and conducting follow up telephone calls.Results: There was overall support for the creation of a research contact list, but some unknowns remain. 367 parents or carers completed the survey and 36 participated in a follow up telephone call. Over half were willing to join a research contact list and more than 90% of the children of parents or carers surveyed were not currently participating in research. Several potential barriers identified by stakeholders were dispelled. Research communications and a future contact list should be available in electronic form.Conclusions: There was strong support for creating a research contact list. The co‑production approach will inform our future directions including creation of an electronic research contact list easily accessible by consumers of the children’s health service

scholarly journals Protocol for a scoping review on rehabilitation among individuals who experience homelessness and traumatic brain injury

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e052942
Author(s):  
Vincy Chan ◽  
Maria Jennifer Estrella ◽  
Jessica Babineau ◽  
Angela Colantonio
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Scientific Meetings

IntroductionRehabilitation is key to improving outcomes and quality of life after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, individuals experiencing homelessness are rarely represented in research that informs evidence-based rehabilitation guidelines even though TBI is disproportionately prevalent among this population. This protocol is for a scoping review to explore the extent to which rehabilitation, including the types of rehabilitation interventions, is available to, or used by, individuals who experience homelessness and TBI to inform (1) opportunities to integrate rehabilitation for individuals experiencing homelessness and TBI, (2) considerations for existing clinical and practice guidelines for rehabilitation and (3) recommendations for future research.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will be guided by six stages described in scoping review methodology frameworks. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase and Embase Classic, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Clinical Trials, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and Nursing and Allied Health), reference list of included articles and scoping or systematic reviews identified from the search and grey literature, defined as reports from relevant brain injury, housing and rehabilitation organisations, will be searched. Two reviewers will independently screen all articles based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A descriptive numerical summary of data items will be provided and qualitative content analytic techniques will be used to identify and report common themes. Preliminary findings will be shared with stakeholders to seek feedback on the implications of the results.Ethics and disseminationEthics review will not be required, as only publicly available data will be analysed. Findings from the scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings and to stakeholders, defined as service providers in the housing and TBI sectors; health professionals who provide care for individuals with TBI and/or homelessness; health administrators, decision-makers and policy-makers; researchers; and caregivers or family members of individuals with lived experience of TBI and homelessness.

scholarly journals What is known from the existing literature about self-management of pessaries for pelvic organ prolapse? A scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e055587
Author(s):  
Lucy Dwyer ◽  
Dawn Dowding ◽  
R Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Scoping Reviews

IntroductionPelvic organ prolapse (POP) can be managed with a pessary; however, regular follow-up may deter women from pessary management due to the inconvenience of frequent appointments, as well as preventing pessary users from autonomous decision-making. Pessary self-management, whereby the woman removes and inserts her own pessary may be a solution to these issues. However, there remains a number of uncertainties regarding the potential benefits and risks of pessary self-management. This scoping review aims to map available evidence about the subject of pessary self-management for POP to identify knowledge gaps providing the basis for future research.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology and reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A search of Medline, CINAHL, Embase and PsycInfo will be undertaken to identify relevant articles which meet the eligibility criteria using the search terms ‘pessary’ and ‘self-management’ or ‘self-care’. A hand search of the reference list of non-original research identified during the search but excluded, will be conducted for additional publications which meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data relevant to the topic of pessary self-management will be extracted and critical appraisal of all included publications undertaken.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical or Health Research Authority approval is required to undertake the scoping review. However, it has been registered with The Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/DNGCP). The findings will inform future research exploring pessary self-management and be disseminated via both a presentation at a national conference and publications in peer reviewed journals.

An overview of the features of technologies implemented during the first wave of COVID-19: A scoping review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Abd-Alrazaq ◽  
Asmaa Hassan ◽  
Israa Abuelezz ◽  
Arfan Ahmed ◽  
Mahmood Alzubaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Common Purpose ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

BACKGROUND Technology has been extensively implemented in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). While several reviews were conducted regarding technologies used during COVID-19, they were limited either by focusing on a certain technology or feature, or by technology that was proposed rather than implemented. OBJECTIVE This review aims to explore the features of technologies implemented during the first wave of COVID-19 as reported in the literature. METHODS The authors conducted a scoping review following the guidelines of PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies were retrieved through searching 8 electronic databases and conducting backward and forward reference list checking. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of studies and extracted data from the included articles. We then used a narrative approach to synthesize the extracted data. RESULTS Of 7,374 retrieved studies, 126 were deemed eligible. Telemedicine was the most common type of technology (85%) implemented in the first wave of COVID-19. The most common mode of telemedicine was synchronous (93.5%). The most common purpose of the technologies was providing consultation (59.5%), followed by following up with patients (35.7%) and monitoring their health status (17.4%). Zoom (17.5%) and WhatsApp (9.5%) were the most common social media and video-conferencing platforms. Both healthcare professionals and health consumers were the most common target users (81.7%). The health condition most frequently targeted by the implemented technologies was COVID-19 (30.2%), followed by any physical health conditions (16.7%) and mental health conditions (10.3%). Technologies were web-based in 84.1% of the included studies. Technologies in the included studies could be used through 11 venues. The most common venue of technologies was mobile applications (68.3%), followed by desktop applications (57.9%), telephone calls (38.9%), and websites (35.7%). CONCLUSIONS Technology played a crucial role in mitigating the COVID-19 challenges. Our review did not find other technologies that were implemented during the first wave of COVID-19 (e.g., contact-tracing apps, drones, blockchain). Further, technologies in this review were used for other purposes (e.g., drugs and vaccines discovery, social distancing, and immunity passport). Future research on studies about such technologies and purposes is recommended. Further reviews are required to investigate technologies implemented in the following waves of COVID-19.

Impacts of Parental Technoference on Parent-Child Relationships and Child Health and Developmental Outcomes: A Scoping Review Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndsay Jerusha MacKay ◽  
Jelena Komanchuk ◽  
K. Alix Hayden ◽  
Nicole Letourneau
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Parent Child ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Background: With increases in the use of technological devices worldwide, parental technoference is a potential threat to quality of parent-child relationships and children’s health and development. Parental technoference refers to disrupted interactions between a parent and child due to a parent’s use of a technological device. The aim of this scoping review is to map, describe and summarize existing evidence from published research studies on the impacts of parental technoference on parent-child relationships and children’s health and development and to identify limitations in the studies and gaps in the literature. Methods: This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. A search for relevant research studies will be undertaken in APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Central, Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews, JBI EBP and Embase (OVID). CINAHL (Ebsco) and Scopus will also be searched. Grey and popular literature will be excluded. This review will include primary research studies and review papers published in English with no time limit that identify the impacts of technoference on parent-child relationships and child health and developmental outcomes. Parent participants include primary caregivers, either biological, adopted or foster parents, of children under the age of 18 who engage in technoference. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full texts of studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion with a third researcher. Data will be extracted into a data charting table including; author(s), year of publication, country, research aim, methodology/design, population and sample size, variables/concepts and corresponding measures and main results. Data will be presented in tables and figures accompanied by a narrative summary. Discussion: The goal of this scoping review is to present an overview of the evidence on impacts of parental technoference on parent-child relationships and child and health developmental outcomes, highlighting the current risk of children of today. It will identify gaps in the literature, inform future research, advise recommendations for parents on technological device use and possibly guide the development of interventions aimed at addressing parental technoference. Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/QNTS5)

Children and nature

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Wells ◽  
Francesqca E. Jimenez ◽  
Fredrika Mårtensson
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Children And Nature ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Health Function

Children’s disconnection from nature has urgent ramifications, as nature is associated with a wide variety of positive human health outcomes and, conversely, disconnection from nature is linked to negative health outcomes. This chapter first considers factors (e.g. screen time, recess policies) that have contributed to children spending less time outdoors. Issues of equity are also discussed; the fact that income and race-based disparities in nature access can exacerbate effects on health. The chapter then outlines linkages between the natural environment and children’s health, reviewing evidence that connects nature to children’s health, function, and well-being. It includes aspects of both mental and physical health, and addresses outcomes such as: social interaction and social cohesion; cognitive restoration and academic performance; symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; myopia; physical activity and obesity; and vitamin D deficiency. Future research and implications for public health are considered. Lastly, promising intervention programmes are described.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document