Reliability and validity of A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) in Iranian older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Farokhnezhad Afshar ◽  
Elisabeth H. Wiig ◽  
Seyed Kazem Malakouti ◽  
Behnam Shariati
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Quick Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Color Form

Abstract Background: Cognitive disorders are one of the most important issues in old age. They may remain hidden in the early stages. There are many cognitive tests, but some variables affect their results (e.g., age and education.) This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) in Iranian older adults.Methods: This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of AQT. 114 older adults participated in the study and were divided into three groups (46 with mild cognitive impairments (MCI), 24 with dementia, and 45 without MCI and dementia) based on the diagnosis of two geriatric psychiatrists. Participants were assessed by AQT and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and ROC curve by SPSS v.23.Results: There was no significant correlation between AQT subscales and age and no significant difference between the AQT subscales in male and female, educational levels, and marital status. The test-retest correlations (r) were significant for Color (C) 0.84, Form (F) 0.91 and Color-Form (CF) 0.94. Convergent validity was significant between MMSE and AQT. Its correlation was with Color -0.78, Form -0.71, and Color-Form -0.72. The cut-off point for Color was 43.50 s, Form 52 s, and Color-Form 89 s were based on sensitivity and specificity for differentiating older patients with MCI with controls. The cut-off point for Color was 62.50 s, for Form 111 s, and Color-Form 197.50 s based on sensitivity and specificity measures for differentiating older patients with dementia and MCI.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) is a suitable tool for assessing cognitive function in older adults.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of a quick test of cognitive speed (AQT) in screening for mild cognitive impairment and dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Farokhnezhad Afshar ◽  
Elisabeth H. Wiig ◽  
Seyed Kazem Malakouti ◽  
Behnam Shariati ◽  
Sara Nejati
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Quick Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Color Form

Abstract Background Cognitive disorders are one of the important issues in old age. There are many cognitive tests, but some variables affect their results (e.g., age and education). This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) in screening for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Methods This is a psychometric properties study. 115 older adults participated in the study and were divided into three groups (46 with MCI, 24 with dementia, and 45 control) based on the diagnosis of two geriatric psychiatrists. Participants were assessed by AQT and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and ROC curve by SPSS v.23. Results There was no significant correlation between AQT subscales and age and no significant difference between the AQT subscales in sex, educational levels. The test-retest correlations ranges were 0.84 from 097. Concurrent validity was significant between MMSE and AQT. Its correlation was with Color − 0.78, Form − 0.71, and Color-Form − 0.72. The cut-off point for Color was 43.50 s, Form 52 s, and Color-Form 89 s were based on sensitivity and specificity for differentiating older patients with MCI with controls. The cut-off point for Color was 62.50 s, for Form 111 s, and Color-Form 197.50 s based on sensitivity and specificity measures for differentiating older patients with dementia and MCI. Conclusion The findings showed that AQT is a suitable tool for screening cognitive function in older adults.

How Czecho-Slovakia Bounces Back: Population-Based Validation of the Brief Resilience Scale in Two Central European Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110296
Author(s):  
Jana Furstova ◽  
Natalia Kascakova ◽  
Iva Polackova Solcova ◽  
Jozef Hasto ◽  
Peter Tavel
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Best Fit

Objective In recent years, resilience has become a focus of research in the medical and behavioral sciences. The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) was developed to assess the individual ability to recover from stress (“to bounce back”) after experiencing adversities. The aim of the study was to validate the Czech and Slovak versions of the BRS. Methods A representative sample of the Czech and Slovak populations (NCZ = 1800, mean age MCZ = 46.6, SDCZ = 17.4, 48.7% of men; NSK = 1018, mean age MSK = 46.2, SDSK = 16.6, 48.7% men) completed a survey assessing their health and well-being. Several confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models of the BRS were compared to find the best fit. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients of reliability were evaluated. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating resilience (BRS), physical and mental well-being (SF-8) and psychopathology symptoms (BSI-53). Differences in gender and age groups were appraised. Results A single-factor model with method effects on the reverse items was evaluated to best fit the data in both the Czech and Slovak samples (χ2CZ(6) = 39.0, p < 0.001, CFICZ = 0.998, TLICZ = 0.995, RMSEACZ = 0.055, SRMRCZ = 0.024; χ2SK(6) = 23.9, p < 0.001, CFISK = 0.998, TLISK = 0.995, RMSEASK = 0.054, SRMRSK = 0.009). The reliability was high in both samples (αCZ = 0.80, ωCZ = 0.85; αSK = 0.86, ωSK = 0.91). The BRS was positively associated with physical and mental well-being and negatively associated with somatization, depression and anxiety. In both countries, a lower BRS score was associated with higher age. Czech men reported significantly higher BRS scores than women. No significant difference was found in the mean BRS scores between the two countries. Conclusion This study provides evidence of good psychometric properties, reliability and validity of the Czech and Slovak adaptations of the BRS.

scholarly journals The Patient’s Denture Assessment (Thai version) is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the outcome of treatment with complete denture

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahaprom Namano ◽  
Orapin Komin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Geriatric Dentistry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Denture Treatment

Abstract Background Complete tooth losses are still being major problems which resulted in lesser quality of life especially for elderly patients. However, there are still lack of questionnaire to evaluate the treatment outcome from the patient’s aspect. The objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Patient’s Denture Assessment-Thai version (PDA-T), then use this questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction with complete denture treatment outcome also investigates the factors involving their satisfaction. Methods The subjects comprised 120 edentulous adult patients (49 men/71 women; average age 70 years-old) from the Prosthodontic and the Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care Clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University during 2019 March‒2020 March. The patients were divided into two groups: the group experienced (Exper) (n = 54) with wearing complete dentures, and the non-experienced (NonExper) group (n = 66). The patients used the validated PDA-T to self-assess their treatment at different times. The Exper group completed the questionnaire at t0 (during treatment), t0.5 (2‒8-weeks after t0), and t1 (final follow-up). The NonExper group completed the questionnaire only at t1. Results In the Exper group, Cronbach’s α and average inter-item correlation was 0.95 (range 0.76‒0.95) and 0.47 (range 0.57‒0.83), respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients (n = 18, 95% confidence interval) were 0.98 overall. The paired t-test (p < 0.05) between t0 and t1 indicated a significant difference between t0 and t1 in every PDA-T topic, and the effect size was 1.71. In the NonExper group, the Pearson correlation analysis indicated no significant correlation between the patients' demographics and masticatory function. Conclusion The reliability and validity of the PDA-T indicate it is a valuable tool for evaluating complete denture treatment. Treatment success affected the patients' satisfaction but was not associated with the type of doctors, genders, ages, or educational level.

A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed: norm-referenced criteria for 121 Italian adults aged 45 to 90 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1493-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Petrazzuoli ◽  
Sebastian Palmqvist ◽  
Hans Thulesius ◽  
Nicola Buono ◽  
Enzo Pirrotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quick Test ◽  
Dementia Screening ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Color Form ◽  
Criterion Referenced ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACTBackground:A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) is a brief test that can identify cognitive impairment. AQT has been validated in Arabic, English, Greek, Japanese, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish. The aim of this study was to develop Italian criterion-referenced norms for AQT.Methods:AQT consists of three test plates where the patient shall rapidly name (1) the color of 40 blue, red, yellow, or black squares (AQT color), (2) the form of 40 black figures (circles, squares, triangles, or rectangles; AQT form), (3) the color and form of 40 figures (consisting of previous colors and forms; AQT color–form). The AQT test was administered to 121 Italian cognitively healthy primary care patients (age range: 45–90 years). Their mean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 28.8 ± 0.9 points (range 26–30 points). AQT naming times in seconds were used for developing preliminary criterion cut-off times for different age groups.Results:Age was found to have a significant moderate positive correlation with AQT naming times color (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), form (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), color–form (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) and a moderate negative correlation with MMSE score (r = –0.44, p < 0.001) and AQT naming times differed significantly between younger (45–55 years old), older (56–70 years old), and the oldest (71–90 years old) participants. Years of education correlated positively but weakly with MMSE score (r = 0.27, p = 0.003) and negatively but weakly with AQT color (r = –0.16, p = ns), form (r = –0.24, p = 0.007), and color–form (r = –0.19, p = 0.005). We established preliminary cut-off times for the AQT test based on +1 and +2 standard deviations according to the approach in other languages and settings.Conclusions:This is the first Italian normative AQT study. Future studies of AQT – a test useful for dementia screening in primary care – will eventually refine cut-off times for normality balancing sensitivity and specificity in cognitive diagnostics.

Reliability and Validity of the Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale-2

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rasch Analysis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Retirement Community ◽  
Continuing Care ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Relationship

Development of a reliable and valid measure of outcome expectations for exercise for older adults will help establish the relationship between outcome expectations and exercise and facilitate the development of interventions to increase physical activity in older adults. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Outcome Expectations for Exercise-2 Scale (OEE-2), a 13-item measure with two subscales: positive OEE (POEE) and negative OEE (NOEE). The OEE-2 scale was given to 161 residents in a continuing-care retirement community. There was some evidence of validity based on confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch-analysis INFIT and OUTFIT statistics, and convergent validity and test criterion relationships. There was some evidence for reliability of the OEE-2 based on alpha coefficients, person- and item-separation reliability indexes, and R2 values. Based on analyses, suggested revisions are provided for future use of the OEE-2. Although ongoing reliability and validity testing are needed, the OEE-2 scale can be used to identify older adults with low outcome expectations for exercise, and interventions can then be implemented to strengthen these expectations and improve exercise behavior.

scholarly journals Validation of the Male Osteoporosis Knowledge Quiz

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Gaines ◽  
Katherine A. Marx ◽  
Matthew Narrett ◽  
JoAnn Caudill ◽  
Jeffrey Landsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Low Bone Mass ◽  
Osteoporosis Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Men’S Knowledge ◽  
Adequate Reliability

The purpose of this study was to validate the six-item Men’s Osteoporosis Knowledge Quiz (MOKQ). The MOKQ asks questions about risk factors that are pertinent to men, such as the risk for developing low bone mass related to hormone treatment for prostate cancer and the importance of testosterone for bone mass. A survey was sent to 242 men with a mean age of 83.2 years. The mean number of questions answered correctly in response to the six-item MOKQ was 2.37. Convergent validity was examined by correlating the score achieved on the MOKQ with the score achieved on the total Facts on Osteoporosis Quiz. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the MOKQ and the Facts on Osteoporosis Quiz was r = .76. Reliability was demonstrated by computing a Cronbach’s alpha for the MOKQ ( r = .72). The MOKQ was found to have adequate reliability and validity in assessing older men’s knowledge about osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Test-Retest Reliability and Validity of the Six Minute Stepper Test to Evaluate Functional Exercise Capacity in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selin Bayram ◽  
Deran Oskay ◽  
Nurten Gizem Tore ◽  
Fulden Sari ◽  
Devrim Can Saraç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

ABSTRACT Objectives The 6-minute stepper test (6MST) is a submaximal test that requires little space to assess exercise capacity compared to the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). The study aims to investigate the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of 6MST and to compare physiological responses, dyspnea, fatigue perception with 6MST and 6MWT in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods To test the convergent validity of 6MST, 65 patients performed both 6MWT and 6MST on the first day and correlation between two tests were assessed with Pearson correlation test. In order to investigate the test-retest reliability of the 6MST, thirty-two of the 65 patients performed 6MST one week later and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Dyspnea and fatigue perception were analyzed with using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, physiological responses were analyzed using paired sample t-test. Results Excellent test-retest reliability was observed for 6MST (ICC: 0.988). There was a significant correlation between 6MST and 6MWT (r: 0.725, p&lt;0.001). Dyspnea and leg fatigue perception were significantly higher in 6MST (p&lt;0.05). Physiological responses and fatigue perception were similar in both 6MST and 6MWT (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that the 6MST is reliable and valid method to evaluate exercise capacity in patients with AS. 6MST can be used to evaluate exercise capacity of patients with AS.

scholarly journals The Patient’s Denture Assessment (Thai version) is a Valid and Reliable Tool for Evaluating Complete Denture Treatment and Success.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahaprom Namano ◽  
Orapin Komin
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Geriatric Dentistry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Denture Treatment

Abstract BACKGROUND. Complete tooth losses are still being major problems which resulted in lesser quality of life especially for elderly patients. However, there are still lack of questionnaire to evaluate the treatment outcome from the patient’s aspect. The objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Patient’s Denture Assessment-Thai version (PDA-T), then use this questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction with complete denture treatment. METHODS. The subjects comprised 120 edentulous adult patients (49 men/71 women; average age 70 years-old) from the Prosthodontic and the Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care Clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University during 2019 March‒2020 March. The patients were divided into two groups: The group experienced (Exper) (n=54) with wearing complete dentures, and the non-experienced (NonExper) group (n=66). The patients used the validated PDA-T to self-assess their treatment at different times. The Exper group completed the questionnaire at t 0 (during treatment), t 0.5 (2‒8-weeks after t 0 ), and t 1 (final follow-up). The NonExper group completed the questionnaire only at t 1 . RESULTS. In the Exper group, Cronbach’s α and average inter-item correlation was 0.95 (range 0.76‒0.95) and 0.47 (range 0.57‒0.83), respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients (n = 18, 95% confidence interval) were 0.98 overall. The paired t-test (p < 0.05) between t 0 and t 1 indicated a significant difference between t 0 and t 1 in every PDA-T topic, and the effect size was 1.71. In the NonExper group, the Pearson correlation analysis indicated no significant correlation between the patients' demographics and masticatory function. CONCLUSIONS. The reliability and validity of the PDA-T indicate it is a valuable tool for evaluating complete denture treatment. Treatment success affected the patients' satisfaction, but was not associated with the patients’ prior denture experience, sex, or educational level.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of 2 Self-Report Measures to Assess Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith P. Gennuso ◽  
Charles E. Matthews ◽  
Lisa H. Colbert
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of 2 currently available physical activity surveys for assessing time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) in older adults.Methods:Fifty-eight adults (≥65 years) completed the Yale Physical Activity Survey for Older Adults (YPAS) and Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) before and after a 10-day period during which they wore an ActiGraph accelerometer (ACC). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) examined test-retest reliability. Overall percent agreement and a kappa statistic examined YPAS validity. Lin’s concordance correlation, Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis examined CHAMPS validity.Results:Both surveys had moderate test-retest reliability (ICC: YPAS = 0.59 (P < .001), CHAMPS = 0.64 (P < .001)) and significantly underestimated SB time. Agreement between YPAS and ACC was low (κ = −0.0003); however, there was a linear increase (P < .01) in ACC-derived SB time across YPAS response categories. There was poor agreement between ACC-derived SB and CHAMPS (Lin’s r = .005; 95% CI, −0.010 to 0.020), and no linear trend across CHAMPS quartiles (P = .53).Conclusions:Neither of the surveys should be used as the sole measure of SB in a study; though the YPAS has the ability to rank individuals, providing it with some merit for use in correlational SB research.

scholarly journals RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF HYPOTHETICAL SCENARIOS FOR ESTIMATING WILLINGNESS TO PAY (WTP) PER QUALITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR (QALY) IN INDONESIA SETTING

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Susi Ari Kristina ◽  
Dwi Endarti ◽  
Tri Murti Andayani ◽  
M. Rifqi Rokhman
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Treatment Scenario ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Group Validity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Objective: To estimate validity and reliability of WTP questionnaire which WTP value can be taken as an indication of the monetary value of health gains, which may carry information regarding the appropriate height of the cost-effectiveness threshold.Methods: Three hundred respondents, in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, were interviewed during June 2017. We examine a value of WTP associated with the following scenarios: 1) improving moderate condition; 2) extending life during terminal illness, and 3) lifesaving. The interview ascertained maximum hypothetical WTP for one QALY using a dichotomous bidding format with an open-ended final question, along with questions about the socio-economic factors. Concerning validity, the WTP of the 3 versions of hypothetical scenarios were compared as known-group validity and analysis of the sensitivity and specificity was performed. Test-retest reliability and alpha Cronbach were employed to measure internal consistency.Results: Analysis generally confirmed the validity and reliability of the WTP hypothetical scenarios. In terms of known group validity, there was significant difference across two scenarios (treatment v. s lifesaving), but no significant difference between mean WTP for treatment and terminal illness was found. Mean WTP for terminal illness (38 Million IDR) and lifesaving scenario (16 Million IDR) was significantly higher than that of treatment scenario (14 Million IDR). The WTP instrument showed good convergent validity (r=0.784), when comparing correlation between WTP value and utility score. Estimation of scenario’s sensitivity and specificity in deriving expected WTP were 70.33 % and 38.98 %, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 64 % and 46 %. The test-retest reliability of WTP values indices excellent stability and reliability of the instrument with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.816 (p<0.001)Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the WTP instrument is feasible and relatively reliable for measuring the WTP values in Indonesia. For wider application of the instrument, its validity should be investigated further. Meanwhile, adoption of WTP as an empirical evidence of societal values is encouraged. 

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