scholarly journals Effect of Nicotiana benthamiana exposed to long- or short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances: Levels, transfer and potential risk analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huinian Liu ◽  
Wenli Hu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Sihui Lu ◽  
Fangwen Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Dimer Acid ◽  
Mixed Contaminants ◽  
Grouping Strategies ◽  
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide ◽  
Relative Electrical Conductivity

Abstract Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can endanger human health through the food chain. However, the physiological mechanisms of crops exposed to PFAS are still unclear. Objectives: The physiology, phytotoxicity and accumulation of Solanaceae model crops Nicotiana benthamiana exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA) and their mixed contaminants have been studied. Results: (i) Biomass, relative electrical conductivity and catalase all decrease; (ii) Chlorophyll, peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde all increase; (iii) Superoxide dismutase and soluble sugar both increase and then decrease; (Ⅳ) The absorption and transport of K, Ca, Mg and Na are affected, particularly shoots; (V) PFOA has the highest toxicity and bioaccumulation. Conclusion: PFAS will damages the economic benefits of crops and people's health. So, its production and uses should be curtailed except for essential uses. Future direction: Substitute substances may be more harmful, so grouping strategies and evaluation framework should be established as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) exposure induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e08272
Author(s):  
Hee Joon Yoo ◽  
Min Cheol Pyo ◽  
Yoonjin Park ◽  
Bo Yong Kim ◽  
Kwang-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Dimer Acid ◽  
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide

scholarly journals Adverse Maternal, Fetal, and Postnatal Effects of Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (GenX) from Oral Gestational Exposure in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 037008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Conley ◽  
Christy S. Lambright ◽  
Nicola Evans ◽  
Mark J. Strynar ◽  
James McCord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dimer Acid ◽  
Gestational Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide

scholarly journals Using the payback framework to evaluate the outcomes of pilot projects supported by the Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Latrice Rollins ◽  
Nicole Llewellyn ◽  
Manzi Ngaiza ◽  
Eric Nehl ◽  
Dorothy R. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Payback Framework

Abstract Introduction: The Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) seeks to improve population health by accelerating the translation of scientific discoveries in the laboratory and clinic into practices for the community. CTSAs achieve this goal, in part, through their pilot project programs that fund promising early career investigators and innovative early-stage research projects across the translational research spectrum. However, there have been few reports on individual pilot projects and their impacts on the investigators who receive them and no studies on the long-term impact and outcomes of pilot projects. Methods: The Georgia CTSA funded 183 pilot projects from 2007 to 2015. We used a structured evaluation framework, the payback framework, to document the outcomes of 16 purposefully-selected pilot projects supported by the Georgia CTSA. We used a case study approach including bibliometric analyses of publications associated with the selected projects, document review, and investigator interviews. Results: These pilot projects had positive impact based on outcomes in five “payback categories”: (1) knowledge; (2) research targeting, capacity building, and absorption; (3) policy and product development; (4) health benefits; and (5) broader economic benefits. Conclusions: Results could inform our understanding of the diversity and breadth of outcomes resulting from Georgia CTSA-supported research and provide a framework for evaluating long-term pilot project outcomes across CTSAs.

scholarly journals An Optimization-Evaluation Agricultural Water Planning Approach Based on Interval Linear Fractional Bi-Level Programming and IAHP-TOPSIS

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Hua Zhu ◽  
Ping Guo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Planning Under Uncertainty ◽  
Interval Linear

In this study, an interval linear fractional bi-level programming (ILFBP) model was developed for managing irrigation-water resources under uncertainty. The ILFBP can fully address system fairness, uncertainties, and the leader–follower relationship of decision makers in the optimization process, which can better reflect the complexity of real decision-making process and help formulate reasonable water policies. An interactive fuzzy coordination algorithm based on satisfaction degree was introduced to solve the ILFBP model. In order to evaluate the applicability of optimization schemes, the interval analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) and the interval technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method were integrated as IAHP-TOPSIS. To verify its validity, the developed optimization-evaluation framework was applied to an irrigation water management case study in the middle reaches of the Shiyang River Basin, located in the northwest China. The ILFBP model results show that the total water allocation is [6.73, 7.37] × 108 m3, saving nearly 0.9 × 108 m3 more than the current situation. The benefit per unit of water is [2.38, 2.95] yuan/m3, nearly 0.4 yuan/m3 more than the status quo, and the Gini coefficient is within a reasonable range of [0.35, 0.38]. The ILFBP model can well balance economic benefits and system fairness. Through the evaluation bases on IAHP-TOPSIS, the results of ILFBP show better water allocation effects and applicability than the other two models in this study area. Furthermore, due to various characteristics such as geographical location, population and area, there are three irrigation districts, Xiying, Donghe, and Qinghe, showing higher importance than others when considering regional water allocation. These findings can provide useful information for limited water resource managers and help decision makers determine effective alternatives of water resource planning under uncertainty.

scholarly journals Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate, and Health Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Richard A. Brase ◽  
Elizabeth J. Mullin ◽  
David C. Spink
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Dimer Acid ◽  
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Processing Aids

Due to their unique chemical properties, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used extensively as industrial surfactants and processing aids. While several types of PFAS have been voluntarily phased out by their manufacturers, these chemicals continue to be of ecological and public health concern due to their persistence in the environment and their presence in living organisms. Moreover, while the compounds referred to as “legacy” PFAS remain in the environment, alternative compounds have emerged as replacements for their legacy predecessors and are now detected in numerous matrices. In this review, we discuss the historical uses of PFAS, recent advances in analytical techniques for analysis of these compounds, and the fate of PFAS in the environment. In addition, we evaluate current biomonitoring studies of human exposure to legacy and emerging PFAS and examine the associations of PFAS exposure with human health impacts, including cancer- and non-cancer-related outcomes. Special focus is given to short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and ether-substituted, polyfluoroalkyl alternatives including hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA; tradename GenX), 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (DONA), and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroethersulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA; tradename F-53B).

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