scholarly journals Atmospheric Resuspension of Insoluble Radioactive Cesium Particles Found in the Difficult-to-Return Area in Fukushima

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENG TANG ◽  
Kazuyuki Kita ◽  
Yasuhito Igarashi ◽  
Yukihiko Satou ◽  
Koutarou Hatanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Radioactive Cesium ◽  
Wind Gust ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gust Speed

Abstract The deposition of insoluble radiocesium bearing microparticles (CsMPs), which were released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (F1NPP) accident in March 2011, has resulted in the widespread contamination of eastern Japan. Obviously, these deposited insoluble CsMPs may become the secondary contamination sources by atmospheric migration or other environmental transferring process, however, the understanding of the transport mechanism remains non-elucidation, and the relevant evidence has not been directly provided. This study, for the first time, provides the direct evidence for the resuspension of these insoluble CsMPs to the atmosphere from 1) proximity of 137Cs radioactivity and resemblance of the morphology and the elemental compositions of CsMPs in the samples of soil and aerosol derived from the same sampling site, 2) the special characteristics of the resuspended CsMPs of which the ratios of Na/Si, K/Si and/or Cs/Si were smaller than those from the initially released CsMPs collected at either long distance or near F1NPP, which can be ascribed to the slowly natural corrosion of CsMPs by the loss of the small amount of soluble contents in CsMPs and 3) high CsMPs concentration of 10 granules/gram in the surface soil of our sampling site and the observed resuspension of surface soil dust at wind gust speed higher than 4 m s-1. Specifically, fifteen single CsMPs were successfully isolated from the aerosol filters collected by unmanned high-volume air samplers at a severely polluted area in Fukushima Prefecture, about 25 km away from F1NPP, from January 2015 to September 2019. The mean diameter of these CsMPs was 1.8 ± 0.5 μm, and the average 137Cs radioactivity was 0.35 ± 0.23 Bq/granule. The contribution rate of the resuspended CsMPs to the atmospheric radiocesium was estimated from the ratio of 137Cs radioactivity of a single CsMP to that of the aerosol filter to be of 23.9 ± 15.3%. There has been no considerable decreasing trend in the annual CsMP resuspension frequency.

scholarly journals Chromosomal painting of the sandpiper (Actitis macularius) detects several fissions for the Scolopacidae family (Charadriiformes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melquizedec Luiz Silva Pinheiro ◽  
Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi ◽  
Talita Fernanda Augusto Ribas ◽  
Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz ◽  
Patricia Caroline Mary O´Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chromosomal Painting ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Burhinus Oedicnemus ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The Scolopacidae family (Suborder Scolopaci, Charadriiformes) is composed of sandpipers and snipes; these birds are long-distance migrants that show great diversity in their behavior and habitat use. Cytogenetic studies in the Scolopacidae family show the highest diploid numbers for order Charadriiformes. This work analyzes for the first time the karyotype of Actitis macularius by classic cytogenetics and chromosome painting. Results The species has a diploid number of 92, composed mostly of telocentric pairs. This high 2n is greater than the proposed 80 for the avian ancestral putative karyotype (a common feature among Scolopaci), suggesting that fission rearrangements have formed smaller macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using Burhinus oedicnemus whole chromosome probes confirmed the fissions in pairs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of macrochromosomes. Conclusion Comparative analysis with other species of Charadriiformes studied by chromosome painting together with the molecular phylogenies for the order allowed us to raise hypotheses about the chromosomal evolution in suborder Scolopaci. From this, we can establish a clear idea of how chromosomal evolution occurred in this suborder.

scholarly journals New evidence of arsenic translocation and accumulation in Pteris vittata from real-time imaging using positron-emitting 74As tracer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Huang-Takeshi Kohda ◽  
Zhaojie Qian ◽  
Mei-Fang Chien ◽  
Keisuke Miyauchi ◽  
Ginro Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Tracer Imaging ◽  
Serial Images ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Hyperaccumulator Plant

AbstractPteris vittata is an arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator plant that accumulates a large amount of As into fronds and rhizomes (around 16,000 mg/kg in both after 16 weeks hydroponic cultivation with 30 mg/L arsenate). However, the sequence of long-distance transport of As in this hyperaccumulator plant is unclear. In this study, we used a positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS) for the first time to obtain noninvasive serial images of As behavior in living plants with positron-emitting 74As-labeled tracer. We found that As kept accumulating in rhizomes as in fronds of P. vittata, whereas As was retained in roots of a non-accumulator plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Autoradiograph results of As distribution in P. vittata showed that with low As exposure, As was predominantly accumulated in young fronds and the midrib and rachis of mature fronds. Under high As exposure, As accumulation shifted from young fronds to mature fronds, especially in the margin of pinna, which resulted in necrotic symptoms, turning the marginal color to gray and then brown. Our results indicated that the function of rhizomes in P. vittata was As accumulation and the regulation of As translocation to the mature fronds to protect the young fronds under high As exposure.

Long-Distance, High-Volume Transport of Coal by Slurry Pipeline

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Stripling ◽  
R. G. Holter
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Volume Transport ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Coal Slurry ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Pump Stations ◽  
Integrated System Design

Several long-distance, high-volume coal slurry transportation systems are planned or proposed for the United States. These new systems offer a method of transport that is both economical and environmentally attractive. The design of these systems will be a challenge to the pipeline engineer since an integrated, system design of several components is necessary to achieve an optimum overall effect. The pipeline, pump stations, instrumentation and controls, slurry preparation, and utilization facilities must all be considered in the design. The purpose of this paper is to describe the system components of a large coal slurry transportation system in detail and to show the special design considerations required for the overall system design considering the interrelationships of the various components.

Airborne Alt a 1 Dynamic and Its Relationship With the Airborne Dynamics of Alternaria Conidia and Pleosporales Spores

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepción De Linares ◽  
David Navarro ◽  
Rut Puigdemunt ◽  
Jordina Belmonte
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Service ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Major Allergen ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Aerobiological Monitoring ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
First Time ◽  
Prevention Of Allergy ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Fungal spores are universal atmospheric components associated to allergic reactions. Alternaria (Ascomycota) is considered the most allergenic spore taxa. Alt a 1 is the major allergen of Alternaria and is present also in other Pleosporales. In this study, standard Hirst-based sampling and analyzing methods for measuring spore daily concentrations of Alternaria, Curvularia, Drechslera-Helminthosporium, Epicoccum, Leptosphaeria, Pithomyces, Pleospora and Stemphyllium (all included in the taxon Pleosporales) have been used besides two high-volume samplers, Burkard Cyclone (2017) and MCV CAV-A/mb (2019-2020), and ELISA Kits for measuring the allergen. The detection and quantification of Alt a 1 was only possible in the samples from the MCV sampler. Although Alt a 1 was better correlated with Alternaria spores than with Pleosporales spores, the three of them showed high correlations. It is shown, for the first time, a high and significant correlation of Alt a 1 with temperature, a negative one with relative humidity and no correlation with precipitation. The aerobiological monitoring of these three elements ensures the best information for understanding the affectation to allergy sufferers but, if not possible, as a minimum public health service aiming at the detection, treatment and prevention of allergy, the study of the airborne Alternaria spores should be ensured.

scholarly journals Daily wind gust speed probabilities over Switzerland according to three types of synoptic circulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Jungo ◽  
St�phane Goyette ◽  
Martin Beniston
Keyword(s):  
Wind Gust ◽  
Synoptic Circulation ◽  
Gust Speed

scholarly journals Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of a Highly Viscous 33-mg/mL Hyaluronic Acid Volumizing Filler in the Treatment of Facial Wrinkles: An Open-Labeled, Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e1148
Author(s):  
Elnaz Razavian ◽  
Setareh Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Soft Tissue Augmentation ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Significant Correction ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time

Background: The 33-mg/mL hyaluronic acid (HA) formulation is a highly concentrated, cross-linked, cohesive, smooth, and completely reversible volumizing filler approved by Conformité Européene. For the first time, we aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the 33-mg/mL HA filler for soft tissue augmentation in the treatment of facial wrinkles. Materials and Methods: After optimal wrinkle correction was achieved in the patients undergoing treatment by injecting the 33-mg/mL HA filler at the injection site plus one touch-up at a 2-week interval, the safety and efficacy of the filler were assessed on the 5-point Facial Volume Loss Scale through the 1-year study period. Patients were evaluated daily for 14 days and after 6 and 12 months post-treatment. Results: A total of 86 subjects were treated. The mean wrinkle scores of the patients were 3.95+0.79 (range of 3-5) before treatment, 2.3+0.94 (range 1-5) six months after treatment, and 2.93+1.29 (range of 1-5) one year after treatment. Clinically significant mean wrinkle correction (P=0.001) was still evident at>12 months of treatment through 33-mg/mL HA formulation. A clinically significant correction at>12 months after treatment was maintained by 79% of patients. Nodule formation and swelling were more frequent when the 33-mg/mL HA filler was used compared with the use of less concentrated HA fillers. One patient developed angioedema-like swelling and induration last few months. Conclusion: The 33-mg/mL HA filler can provide long-term correction lasting for one year or more. Adverse effects, especially swelling and nodule formation were more common in this filler compared with less concentrated HA fillers. The side effects were correlated with the volume of the injected filler. We recommend using this concentration with low volume or combining high volume with lower concentration. [GMJ.2019;8:e1148]

scholarly journals First record of the land operculate snail Cyclophorus pfeifferi Reeve, 1861 (Mollusca, Cyclophoroidea, Cyclophoridae) from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Sheikh Sajan ◽  
Deepti Kumari ◽  
Sonam Jahan ◽  
Arghya Chakrabarty ◽  
Sandeep Kushwaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
East Asian ◽  
First Record ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
First Time

Through the present manuscript, we are reporting for the first time the presence of Cyclophorus pfeifferi Reeve, 1861 in India. Previously, this species of land snail was reported only from South-East Asian countries Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. The specimens were collected during field sur- veys in Dampa Tiger Reserve in Mizoram state, India. The presence of C. pfeifferi in India reveals the range expansion and long-distance dispersal abilities of the species. Here we discuss the taxonomy, ecology and possible routes of dispersal of the species in India.

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