scholarly journals Gross and Histopathological Lesion Induced on the Gills Ofbarbus Fish by Monogenea Trematods Habiteting in Western Part of Lake Tana, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiyot Workeale ◽  
samrawit melkamu
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Histopathological Lesion

Abstract Back ground: Gill parasitic is common on cultured and wild fish. Many of these species have long been recognized to have the potential to affect the growth, fecundity and survival of hosts.the objective of the study were to determine the prevalence and identify, gross and histopathological lesion of gills caused by Dactylogyrus and Gryodactylus spp. parasitic infection on naturally infected barbus fish.Result: A cross sectional study was conducted from in Lake Tana, amhara region. Three hundred eight four gill specimens were collected from barbus fish and of these, 22 (5.7%) of fish were infected with monogenean parasites. Higher prevalence of Dactylogyrus spp. (4.86%) was recorded than Gryodactylus sp (1.04). Large size fishes (≥ 20cm) were more susceptible to Dactylogyrus spp and Gryodactylus spp. However, highest prevalence of Dactylogyrus sp. was found in large fish size (6.85%). Gryodactylus sp. was not recorded in all small size fish. Descriptive statistics such as percentages was used to describe the nature and the characteristics of the disease. At gross examination of gills, hyperaemia and swollen, excess mucus secretion, paleness, congestion of branchial blood vessel were observed. Gills specimens of infected fish were fixed with10% formalin, for further identification and stained with the haematoxylin-eosin. Histopathological changes included hyperplasia, congestion and mucous cell proliferation of the gill epithelium and damaged primary and secondary lamellae, the uplifting of respiratory epithelial wall and damaged pillar cells. Conclusion: Gross and histopathological changes induced by the Dactylogyrus spp and Gryodactylus spp of parasites adversely affected the proper functioning of the gills of the host fish which can lead to detrimental effect on the health status of the fish and may result in huge economic losses through increased mortality.

scholarly journals Sero-Prevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Goats in Afgoye District Lower Shabelle Region, Somalia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Omar Mohamed Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mycoplasma Capricolum ◽  
Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp), is one of the most important goat diseases causing high morbidity and mortality, these results in heavy economic losses to countries like Somalia, which is a country affected the civil war of the 1990s. Objective: Generally, the disease presence has been reported in the country. However, there is no quantitative data on the prevalence and distribution of the disease has been scientifically reported in the country. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to June 2020 in three villages of Afgoye district of Somalia to assess the seroprevalence and identify the associated risk factors for the occurrence of the CCPP. The risk factors considered included sex, age, and locations. Results: A total of 100 blood samples were collected and evaluated by Capri-Latex Agglutination Test (Capri-LAT). A total of 49/100 (49%, CI 95%: (38.86%-59.2%) goats were seropositive for anti-CCPP antibody. The epidemiological risk factors considered, sex, age and locations, were not significantly associated with the CCPP sero prevalence (p>0.05). However, the sero positivity was slightly higher in female (51%, 95% CI: 39.8-62.6), >3 years old goats (86.3%, 95% CI: 48.9-87.4) and Markazka village (56%, 95% CI: 41.3-70.0) compared to male (40%, 95% CI: 19.1-63.9), 1-3 years old (57.5%, 95% CI: 40.9- 73.0), and Shareeco (43.8%, 95% CI: 19.8-70.1) and Siinka (41.2%, 95% CI: 24.7-59.3) villages, respectively. Conclusion: The present study indicates the prevalence of CCPP in the studies areas and this requires practicable measures to be put in place towards the control of the disease.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study to assess the knowledge and response to dog bite among the urban and rural population of Hubballi taluk

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Maneesha Godbole ◽  
Anjana Ramachandra Joshi ◽  
Dattatraya D. Bant
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Rabies Prevention

Background: Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of the central nervous system, most commonly caused by the bite of rabid dogs. Globally canine rabies causes 59,000 human deaths, over 3.7 million DALYs and 8.6 billion USD economic losses annually. These losses are due to a lack of knowledge about wound management and post-exposure prophylaxis. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practices following dog bite and its management among the urban and rural population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of KIMS, Hubli. 120 households of the urban and rural locality were interviewed with a semi-structured pretested questionnaire.Results: Overall 89.16% of the study population was aware that the disease can be prevented by vaccination. 35% of the rural and 28% of the urban population believed that the disease can spread from person to person. The knowledge about the site and the number of doses of vaccine was poor among both the population. The harmful practices for treatment of bite were still prevalent among both rural (25%) and urban (8.3%) population.Conclusions: The knowledge about the dog bite management and Rabies prevention is insufficient among both populations. There are myths and misconceptions about the disease and wound management. Practices like application of harmful substances like lime, turmeric, mud are the problems hindering rabies prevention and control. Proper steps need to be taken up to control the canine rabies.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections among HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy attending Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermias Alemayehu ◽  
Alemu Gedefie ◽  
Aderaw Adamu ◽  
Jemal Mohammed ◽  
Brhanu Kassanew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Concentration Technique

Abstract Background: Parasitic infections are known causes of morbidity among HIV infected patients with low CD4+ counts who are on antiretroviral therapy; mainly as a result of immune suppression. Thus, this study aimed to assess the extent of intestinal parasitic infection and its related risk factors among HIV infected patients attending ART clinic of Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia.Patients and methods: A health facility based cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 383 HIV infected patients attending ART clinic of Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia from December 2018 to March 2019. An interview based structured questionnaire were used to gather socio-demographic and risk factor data. About 5 grams of fresh stool specimen and 4 ml of venous blood sample were collected, then transported and tested in accordance with the laboratory standard operating procedures. The obtained data was entered into SPSS version 22.0; and analyzed. P-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.Result: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 25.3%; with 18% and 23.8% by direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration technique respectively. 8 (2.1%) patients were infected by multiple parasites in concentration technique. Ascaris lumbricoides, 23(25.3%) was the most frequently identified parasite. Parasitic infection was significantly higher among illiterates (P=0.011); patients with a CD4 count of <200 cells/mm3 (P<0.001) and among patients who did not have latrine (P=0.049) than their counter parts.Conclusion: Relatively higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was found among HIV/AIDS patients. The distribution of intestinal parasites is greatly affected by illiteracy, reduced CD4+ counts and absence of toilet. Thus, HIV/AIDS patients with low CD4+ counts should be diagnosed consistently for intestinal parasites and routine stool examination and awareness creation should be advocated to be included as an essential component of the ART monitoring strategy for improved patient care.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy Among Reproductive Women in West Gojjam Zone of Amhara Region: a Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyayu Kasseye Bayu ◽  
Getaneh Bizuayehu Demeke
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
West Gojjam

Abstract Background: The aims of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes of reproductive women (15-49) towards alcohol consumption during pregnancy in West Gojjam of Amhara region.Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was employed. The structured questionnaires were used to assess the knowledge and attitude of alcohol consumption among reproductive women during pregnancy. The sample size was calculated by using a single population proportion formula. Accordingly, the calculated sample size was 380 after adding 10% for non-response rate.Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regressions was employed. Adjusted Odds Ratios together with corresponding 95% confidence intervals was used to interpret the findings.Results: The majority of women 308(82.4%) were know the problems of drinking alcohol during pregnancy from 374 total study participants. Knowledge of women with regard to problems of drinking alcohol during pregnancy were associated literate women (AOR=0.416; 95%CI=0.207-0.836) and risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy low (AOR=9.468; 95% CI=3.466-25.868).Addationally,attitude of women for consumption of alcohol have significant effect on health associated with occupation status a housewife ((AOR=4.620; 95% CI= (1.255-17.012), had own business(AOR=17.344;95% CI=1.821165.148), alcohol consumption for 3-4 days a week(AOR=11.278;95%CI =1.231-103.287),relative encourage diriking alcohol (AOR=0.309;95%=0.110-0.868), Women who had previously health problems (AOR=0.330;95% CI=0.152-0.717), women who perceive the risk of alcohol consumption have beneficial effect on health is medium(AOR=7.112; 95% CI =3.108-16.270), attitudes of women towards alcohol consumption have beneficial effect on health is high (AOR= 4.902;95% CI =1.474-16.297),women who agree on the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is valuable(AOR=0.082;95% CI =0.023-0.287).Conclusion: The study revealed that, the knowledge of women on the health effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy high. Their attitude also towards alcohol consumption is low and medium. Interventions focused on creating awareness about the harmful effects of alcohol consumption on pregnancy should implemented.

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among patients attending at Sanja Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: An institutional-based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247075
Author(s):  
Tahir Eyayu ◽  
Teklehaimanot Kiros ◽  
Lemma Workineh ◽  
Meslo Sema ◽  
Shewaneh Damtie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Primary Hospital ◽  
Study Participants

Background Intestinal Parasitic Infections are the most prevalent diseases in the world, predominantly in developing countries. It is estimated that more than two billion people are affected globally, mostly in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. Ethiopia is one of the countries in Africa with a high prevalence of intestinal parasites. However, there is a limited study conducted in the study area. Hence, this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitosis among patients attending at Sanja Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Sanja Primary Hospital from January 1 to August 20, 2019. Stool samples were collected from 1240 study participants and analyzed by direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. Furthermore, sociodemographic and explanatory variables were collected using a face-to-face interview. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.4.2.1 and transferred to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression models were fitted to identify associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered to ascertain the significance of the association. Results The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 52.9% (95% CI: 50.2%-55.5%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (21.5%) was the leading cause of intestinal parasitosis followed by Hookworm species (13.3%). Furthermore, the rate of double and triple parasitic infections was observed in 6.1% and 0.5% of study participants respectively. Being Illiterate (AOR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.06–7.47, p = 0.038), swimming habits of more than 4 times a month (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI 1.62–5.24, p< 0.001) and not washing hands before a meal (AOR: 3.92, 95% CI: 1.74–8.83, p = 0.001) were the key factors significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infection. Conclusions The present study showed that the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis is high in the study area. Therefore, there is a need for an integrated control program, including improving personal, environmental sanitation and health education should be given to have a lasting impact on transmission.

Prevalence and Multidrug-Resistance Salmonella in Swine Production Chain in a Central Province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaknokrat Chonsin ◽  
Ruchirada Changkwanyeun ◽  
Achiraya Siriphap ◽  
Apiradee Intarapuk ◽  
Watsawan Prapasawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cutting Boards

Salmonella causes foodborne disease outbreaks worldwide and raises considerable concerns about public health and economic losses. To determine prevalence, serovar, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, the present cross-sectional study collected a total of 418 fecal, carcass (three slaughterhouses), pork and cutting board (four markets) samples from a province in central Thailand in 2017 and 2018. Results showed that 65.1% (272/418) of samples were positive for Salmonella. The percentage of Salmonella positive samples from markets (88.8%; 158/178) was significantly higher than those from slaughterhouses (47.5%; 114/240) ( P&lt;0.05 ). In total, 1,030 isolates were identified; of these, 409 were assigned to 45 serovars with S. Rissen (20%; 82/409) being the most common. New serovars of Thai isolates, S. Cannstatt and S. Braubach, were identified in market and slaughterhouse samples, respectively. AMR of Salmonella isolates showed that 73.9% (133/180) of 19 different serovars exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). Screening for ESBL production showed that 10.3% (41/399) of isolates were ESBL positive. ESBL-producing Salmonella isolates in market samples (75.6%; 31/41) were significantly higher than those in slaughterhouse samples (24.4%; 10/41) ( P&lt;0.05 ). In market samples, 77.4% (24/31) were isolated from pork and 22.6% (7/31) from cutting boards. Nine ESBL-producing isolates carried single type ESBL genes bla TEM (9.8%; 4/41) or bla CTX-M (12.2%; 5/41), while 11 (26.8%) carried both bla TEM and bla CTX-M . No ESBL-producing Salmonella isolate carried the gene bla SHV . Results suggest that pigs, their flesh, and cutting boards could be reservoirs for widespread MDR, ESBL-producing Salmonella outbreak across the food chain.

Seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in cattle of Punjab, Pakistan and assessment of risk factors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsan Anjum ◽  
Asim Aslam ◽  
Raheela Akhtar ◽  
Tahir Yaqub ◽  
Junaid Naseer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an important infectious disease of respiratory system of cattle, caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. A cross sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Kasur and Jhang districts of Punjab to determine the prevalence of CBPP. A total of 560 serum samples were examined for the specific antibodies against M. mycoides subspecies mycoides, using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associated risk factors that were evaluated include age, gender and breed. In this study, the overall seroprevalence was 8.75%. The seroprevalence of CBPP in Lahore, Kasur and Jhang were 8.26, 8.20 and 10.06%, respectively, but no significance difference (P less than 0.05) was observed. Among the assessed potential predisposing factors, gender and breed were not significantly associated with the serological status of the animal (P greater than 0.05), in which the age affected significantly the positivity to CBPP (P less than 0.05). The highest seropositivity was observed in animals of more than 7 years of age (32.08%) followed by in 4-7 years of age (8.16%) and lowest in animals of less than 4 years old (0.79%). This study confirms the presence of CBPP in the state which could be a threat to livestock export market and warrants the implementation of control measures to mitigate the economic losses associated with the disease. 

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Predictors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Under-Five Children in Rural Dembiya, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863021989680
Author(s):  
Zemichael Gizaw ◽  
Ayenew Addisu ◽  
Mulat Gebrehiwot
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Health Supervision

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths and protozoan parasitic infections are endemic throughout the world. The problem of intestinal parasitic infection is higher among developing countries where children are the most vulnerable groups. Although health information related to parasitic infections is available globally, it is often limited in rural setups in least developed countries. This study was, therefore, conducted to assess socioeconomic predictors of intestinal parasitic infections among under-five children in rural Dembiya, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 randomly selected households with under-five children. We used questionnaire to collect data and direct stool examination to identify intestinal parasitic infections. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P < .05 was used to identify socioeconomic predictors of parasitic infections. Results: We found that 25.4% (95% CI = [20.2, 31.1]) under-five children had intestinal parasitic infection. Ascaris lumbricoides was the leading infection, which accounted 44 of 224 (19.6%). The prevalence of childhood intestinal parasitic infections was higher among households with no members whose education level is secondary and above (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI = [1.23, 9.17]). Similarly, intestinal parasitic infections were statistically associated with presence of 2 under-five children in a household (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI = [1.29, 9.82]), absence of frequent health supervision (AOR = 3.49, 95% CI = [1.72, 7.09]), larger family size (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI = [1.09, 4.85]), and poor household economic status (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI = [1.23, 5.41]). Conclusions: Significant proportion of children was infected with intestinal parasitic infection in rural Dembiya. Educational status of family members, number of under-five children in a household, health supervision, family size, and wealth index were statistically associated with parasitic infections. Provision of anthelmintic drugs, health supervision, and health education targeted with transmission and prevention of infections are recommended.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document