scholarly journals The Metabolite β-Hydroxybutyrate of Lactobacillus Plantarum YZX21 Improves Type 2 Diabetes By Promoting Intestinal Secretion of GLP-1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Xi Liang ◽  
Lingjun Tong ◽  
Youyou Lv ◽  
Haiyan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Intestinal Secretion ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Widely Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background: Probiotics and their metabolites regulate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by promoting GLP-1 secretion, but the mechanism has not yet been fully clarified. Results: In order to reveal the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum（L. plantarum）YZX21 on the regulation of T2DM, type 2 diabetic C57BL/6 mice induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) were divided into different groups and were daily treated with L. plantarum YZX21 for 8 weeks. We identified that L.plantarum YZX21 reduced blood glucose, insulin levels and HOME-IR. Histopathology was found that L.plantarum YZX21 restored the mouse islet cells morphology and increased insulin secretion. The Elisa and immumohistochemical staining revealed concentration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was increased in the mice colon. UPLC-MS/MS based widely-targeted metabolomics analysis was used to identify the differential intestinal metabolites in the mice colon. It was found that the metabolite β-Hydroxybutyrate(BHB) of L.plantarum YZX21 had a negative associated with T2DM. Subsequent, type 2 diabetic C57BL/6 mice was established and used to verify hpyerglycemic effest by daily treated with BHB for 8 weeks. It was found that BHB improved pathoglycemia, insulin resistance and increased the intestinal GLP-1 levels, especially reduced free fatty acid (FFA) levels. The expression of receptors G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) was verified by RT-PCR. The GPR109a receptor was significantly stimulated which was up-regulated the expression of GLP-1, but not GPR41 and GPR43 in the mice colon.Conclusions: We found that the hypoglycemic effect of L.plantarum YZX21 was demonstrated by increasing the intestinal GLP-1 levels in the diabetic mice. Through the widely-targeted metabolomics, we identify the close correlation between serum concentrations of BHB and T2DM. In T2DM mice model, BHB reduced the FFA levels and increased the intestinal GLP-1 levels, which is associated with the downregulated expression of GPR109a. These results demonstrated that L.plantarum YZX21 alleviated T2DM by upregulating BHB/GPR109a/GLP-1 associated pathway.

scholarly journals Transthyretin and Amyloid in the Islets of Langerhans in Type-2 Diabetes

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunilla T. Westermark ◽  
Per Westermark
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Amyloid Fibril Protein ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Transthyretin (TTR) is a major amyloid fibril protein in certain systemic forms of amyloidosis. It is a plasma protein, mainly synthesized by the liver but expression occurs also at certain minor locations, including the endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans. With the use of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we have studied the distribution of transthyretin-containing cells in islets of Langerhans in type-2 diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. TTR expression was particularly seen in alpha (glucagon) cells. Islets from type-2 diabetic patients had proportionally more transthyretin-reactive islet cells, including beta cells. A weak transthyretin immunoreaction in IAPP-derived amyloid occurred in some specimens. In seeding experiments in vitro, we found that TTR fibrils did not seed IAPP while IAPP fibrils seeded TTR. It is suggested that islet expression of transthyretin may be altered in type-2 diabetes.

Blockade of Renin Angiotensin System Ameliorates the Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sympathetic Neural Remodeling in Hearts of Type 2 DM Rat Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yomna M. Yehya ◽  
Abdelaziz M. Hussein ◽  
Khaled Ezam ◽  
Elsayed A. Eid ◽  
Eman M. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Diabetes Induction

Objectives:: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockade on cardiac arrhythmias and sympathetic nerve remodelling in heart tissues of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods:: Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups; a) normal control group: normal rats, b) DM group; after type 2 diabetes induction, rats received 2ml oral saline daily for 4 weeks, c) DM+ ACEi: after type 2 diabetes induction, rats were treated with enalapril (10 mg/kg, orally for 4 weeks) and d) DM+ ARBs: after type 2 diabetes induction, rats were treated with losartan (30 mg/kg, orally for 4 weeks). Results:: In type 2 diabetic rats, the results demonstrated significant prolongation in Q-T interval and elevation of blood sugar, HOMA-IR index, TC, TGs, LDL, serum CK-MB, myocardial damage, myocardial MDA, myocardial norepinephrine and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) density with significant reduction in serum HDL, serum insulin and myocardial GSH and CAT. On the other hand, blockade of RAS at the level of either ACE by enalapril or angiotensin (Ag) receptors by losartan resulted in significant improvement in ECG parameters (Q-T), cardiac enzymes (CK-MB), cardiac morphology, myocardial oxidative stress (low MDA, high CAT and GSH) and myocardial TH density. Conclusions:: RAS plays a role in the cardiac sympathetic nerve sprouting and cardiac arrhythmias induced by type 2 DM and its blockade might have a cardioprotective effect via attenuation of sympathetic nerve fibres remodelling, myocardial norepinephrine contents and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Risk stratification score for acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lee ◽  
J Zhou ◽  
CL Guo ◽  
WKK Wu ◽  
WT Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are major cardiovascular adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus. Although there are many risk scores on composite outcomes of major cardiovascular adverse outcomes or cardiovascular mortality for diabetic patients, these existing scores did not account for the difference in pathogenesis and prognosis between acute coronary syndrome and lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Furthermore, recent studies reported that HbA1c and lipid levels, which were often accounted for in these risk scores, have J/U-shaped relationships with adverse outcomes. Purpose The present study aims to evaluate the application of incorporating non-linear J/U-shaped relationships between mean HbA1c and cholesterol levels into risk scores for predicting for AMI and non-AMI related SCD respectively, amongst type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods This was a territory-wide cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus above the age 40 and free from prior AMI and SCD, with or without prescriptions of anti-diabetic agents between January 1st, 2009 to December 31st, 2009 at government-funded hospitals and clinics in Hong Kong. Risk scores were developed for predicting incident AMI and non-AMI related SCD. The performance of conditional inference survival forest (CISF) model compared to that of random survival forests (RSF) model and multivariate Cox model. Results This study included 261308 patients (age = 66.0 ± 11.8 years old, male = 47.6%, follow-up duration = 3552 ± 1201 days, diabetes duration = 4.77 ± 2.29 years). Mean HbA1c and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were significant predictors of AMI under multivariate Cox regression and were linearly associated with AMI. Mean HbA1c and total cholesterol were significant multivariate predictors with a J-shaped relationship with non-AMI related SCD. The AMI and SCD risk scores had an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.666 (95% confidence interval (CI)= [0.662, 0.669]) and 0.677 (95% CI= [0.673, 0.682]), respectively. CISF significantly improves prediction performance of both outcomes compared to RSF and multivariate Cox models. Conclusions A holistic combination of demographic, clinical, and laboratory indices can be used for the risk stratification of type 2 diabetic patients against AMI and SCD.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Type 2 Diabetic Rodent Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-wei Wang ◽  
Guang-dong Sun ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Shu-jun Liu ◽  
Ji Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is one of the most common chronic diseases and continues to increase in numbers with large proportion of health care budget being used. Many animal models have been established in order to investigate the mechanisms and pathophysiologic progress of T2DM and find effective treatments for its complications. On the basis of their strains, features, advantages, and disadvantages, various types of animal models of T2DM can be divided into spontaneously diabetic models, artificially induced diabetic models, and transgenic/knockout diabetic models. Among these models, the spontaneous rodent models are used more frequently because many of them can closely describe the characteristic features of T2DM, especially obesity and insulin resistance. In this paper, we aim to investigate the current available spontaneous rodent models for T2DM with regard to their characteristic features, advantages, and disadvantages, and especially to describe appropriate selection and usefulness of different spontaneous rodent models in testing of various new antidiabetic drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Impact of a Booklet about Diabetes Genetic Susceptibility and Its Prevention on Attitudes towards Prevention and Perceived Behavioral Change in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Their Offspring

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Nishigaki ◽  
Eiko Sato ◽  
Ryota Ochiai ◽  
Taiga Shibayama ◽  
Keiko Kazuma
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Patient’S View ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background. Offspring of type 2 diabetic patients are at a high risk of type 2 diabetes. Information on diabetes genetic susceptibility and prevention should be supplied to the offspring.Methods. A six-page booklet on diabetes genetic susceptibility and prevention was distributed to 173 patients who ere ordered to hand it to their offspring. The patients answered a self-administered questionnaire on booklet delivery and attitudinal and behavioral changes toward diabetes and its prevention in themselves and their offspring.Results. Valid responses were obtained from 130 patients. Forty-nine patients had actually handed the booklet. Booklet induces more relief than anxiety. From the patient's view, favorable attitudinal and/or behavioral changes occurred in more than half of the offspring who were delivered the booklet.Conclusion. The booklet worked effectively on attitudes and behaviors toward diabetes and its prevention both in patients and their offspring. However, the effectiveness of patients as information deliverers was limited.

Evaluation of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Echocardiography and its Correlation with Intimal Medial Thickness of Carotid Artery

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (09) ◽  
pp. 598-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihang Wang ◽  
Yuhong Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Benli Su
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intimal Medial Thickness ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of echocardiography in measuring the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) of the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with the intimal-medial thickness of the carotid artery (cIMT) to investigate the relationship between EAT and cIMT. 68 patients of T2DM were enrolled and were divided into 2 groups: group of T2DM with duration≤10 years (35 cases) and group of T2DM with duration>10 years (33 cases). And 30 healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group. The thickness of EAT and cIMT were measured by echocardiography and high-frequency ultrasonography. The thickness of EAT and IMT of the carotid artery of 2 type 2 diabetic groups (duration≤10 years and>10 years) were significantly higher than that of the control group (all p<0.05), and the thickness of EAT and cIMT of the group of T2DM with duration>10 years were significantly higher than that of the group of T2DM with duration≤10 years (p<0.05). In univariate analysis, the thickness of EAT was positively and significantly associated with age (r=0.412, p<0.05), BMI (r=0.566, p<0.05), waist circumference (r=0.475, p<0.05), LDL (r=0.425, p<0.05), TG (r=0.496, p<0.05), duration of diabetes (r=0.384, p<0.05) and cIMT (r=0.456, p<0.05). In multiple stepwise regression analyses, age, BMI and IMT of carotid artery were appeared to be significantly associated with EAT (p<0.05 for all). In conclusion, routine screening of EAT and cIMT by ultrasonography in type 2 diabetic patients helps us to predict cardiovascular risks and prevent further development of cardiovascular complications.

scholarly journals An anxiolytic drug buspirone ameliorates hyperglycemia and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rat model

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404
Author(s):  
Tugba Gurpinar Çavuşoğlu ◽  
Ertan Darıverenli ◽  
Kamil Vural ◽  
Nuran Ekerbicer ◽  
Cevval Ulman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

AbstractObjectivesType 2 diabetes is a common metabolic disease and anxiety disorders are very common among diabetics. Buspirone is used in the treatment of anxiety, also having blood glucose-lowering effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of buspirone on the glucose and lipid metabolism as well as vascular function in type 2 diabetic rats.MethodsA type 2-diabetic model was induced through a high-fat diet for eight weeks followed by the administration of low-dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) in rats. Buspirone was given at two different doses (1.5 mg/kg/d and 5 mg/kg/d) and combined with metformin (300 mg/kg/d). The fasting glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile were analyzed, and vascular response measured from the thoracic aorta was also evaluated.ResultsBoth doses of buspirone caused a significant improvement in fasting blood glucose levels. In particular, the buspirone treatment, combined with metformin, improved endothelial dysfunction and was found to be correlated with decreased nitrate/nitrite levels.ConclusionsBuspirone may be effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, either alone or in combination with other treatments, particularly in terms of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and impaired blood glucose, and insulin levels.

Awareness of Complications in Diabetic Patients - Study in a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (37) ◽  
pp. 3334-3338
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is common in the Indian population and awareness regarding the disease and its complications is low among the patients with diabetes. There is lack of studies regarding awareness of complications of diabetes among type 2 diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness of diabetic complications among type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS This is an institutional based observational study. The sample comprised of 150 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent treatment in the Department of Medicine, Medical College Kottayam and the patient’s age ranged from 18 - 77 years. RESULTS Majority of patients were in the age group 38 to 57 and the sample comprised of 56 % males and 44 % female patients. Out of 150 patients involved in the study, 120 patients (80 %) were aware of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Among the male patients, 70 (83.33 %) and among females, 50 (75.75 %) were aware of the complications in diabetes. In the study sample, 92 (61.33 %) were aware of the foot problems, 120 patients (80 %) were aware of renal complications, 91 patients were aware regarding eye problems of diabetes, 38 (25.33 %) regarding development of hypertension, 62 (41.33 %) regarding heart attack, 42 (28 %) patients were aware regarding development of stroke and 78 patients (52 %) had awareness regarding occurrence of recurrent infections. CONCLUSIONS Awareness regarding diabetes and its complications is fairly good among the diabetic patients in Kerala. Awareness regarding all complications of diabetes was higher among males than females. Providing awareness to type 2 diabetic patients by various educational programs may be of further help to prevent complications and to decrease the mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes patients. KEYWORDS Awareness, Diabetes

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