scholarly journals Politics of Scale: Decentralization and Centralization of Oil Exploitation Right in Northern Shaanxi, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui GAO ◽  
Qingqing YANG
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Politics Of Scale ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
Northern Shaanxi ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The impact of oil exploitation on local economy is often subject to the national resource management system. Monopolistic vertical resource management often makes local struggle ineffective. However, there is a successful local oil economy in China. This paper focuses on the formation of a special oil economy and reallocation of resources, power, and capital in Northern Shaanxi, China. This is a typical case of competing interests across multiple scales. It presents a typical case of the reconfiguration of resources, power, and capital at multiple scales.Methods: We introduce the ‘politics of scale’ to analyze the decentralization & centralization of oil exploitation rights, and the game among the government, state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and residents.Results: There are three findings. First, driven by fiscal interests, governments as the actual owners of the state capital, were directly involved in the politics of scale. Second, the interest conflicts among local state-owned enterprises, local governments were concealed owing to the strict administrative hierarchy and authority of the power, and they became a unified whole of interests and won the battle for oil resources with the central state-owned enterprises. Third, governments’ behavior strategies were simple and crude in scaling-down, mainly by hierarchical control and administrative orders. Private capital's behaviors were more diversified in scaling-up, but were completely suppressed and eliminated by the government agencies.Conclusions: We argue that politics of scale is an effective framework to explain multi-scale regulation, and is also a strategy of power competition among all practice parties.

Harmonisasi terhadap Peraturan Daerah No. 14 Tahun 2006 tentang Pengelolaan Pelestarian Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah dalam Perlindungan Pulau Pariwisata Kabupaten Indramayu

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Saiful Kholik ◽  
Imas Khaeriyah
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Inconsistency Regional Regulation No.14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, which Cendekian provides protection but in fact failed to provide protection as evidenced by dredging island sandbar and cendekian conducted PT.Pertamina UP VI Balongan INDRAMAYU. The problem in this research How Formulation Policy Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian And How Harmonization Act No. 10 of 2009 with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding formulation Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian, the purpose of this research to understand and analyze the extent to which policy The findings of the community or field of law local governments about the environmental damage done by companies or individuals are not equal accordance with regional regulations in force, nor the Law in force so that the function of law in society indramayu not fit the mandate to establish a change and justice based Formulation public corporate criminal liability.Inskonsitensi happens to local regulation No.14 of 2006 makes no harmonized with the regulations of each other so that the impact of this inskonsistensi makes the sector particularly environmental law enforcement get uncertainties that result in coastal communities Indramayau.Conclusion Harmonization of regulations of the center and regions delivering the policy formulation of the rule of law area to comply with the regulations above in order to avoid inconsistency, the occurrence of this inconsistency resulted in the rule of law and justice for the indramayu, suggestion that the government should was nearly revise regulations related area, especially the government must dare to take action to give effect to the perpetrator deterrent effect rule-based running as well as possible.

scholarly journals Corporate Environmental Performance in China: The Moderating Effects of the Media versus the Approach of Local Governments

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Zhiru Guo ◽  
Chao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Corporate Environmental Performance ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article selects the listed companies in China’s A-share heavy pollution industry from 2014 to 2018 as samples, uses a random effect model to empirically test the relationship between media attention and corporate environmental performance and examines the impacts of local government environmental protection and property nature on that relationship. Results are as follow: (1) Media attention can significantly affect a company’s environmental performance. The higher the media attention, the greater the company’s supervision and the better its environmental performance. (2) In areas where the government pays less attention to environmental protection, the impact of media on corporate environmental performance is more obvious, but in other areas, the impact of media on environmental performance cannot be reflected; (3) The media attention is very significant for the environmental performance improvement of state-owned enterprises, and it is not obvious in non-state-owned enterprises. (4) A further breakdown of the study found that the role of media attention in corporate environmental performance is only significant in the sample of local governments that have low environmental protection and are state-owned enterprises. This research incorporates the local government’s emphasis on environmental protection into the research field of vision, expands the research scope of media and corporate environmental performance, and also provides new clues and evidence for promoting the active fulfillment of environmental protection responsibilities by companies and local governments.

scholarly journals Government Responsibility in The Management of Natural Resources for The Protection of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in The Balaesang Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-173
Author(s):  
Jeane Neltje Saly ◽  
Journal Manager APHA
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
The Government

There are two aims of this paper: first to analyze the responsibility of the government in the commitment to protect the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples in natural resource management activities; secondly, to analyze the implementation of government responsibilities in mining management in relation to the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples in enjoying their rights in the ecosystem, such as the environment. The method used in the research is empirical normative method, namely research that emphasizes the secondary data that is by studying and reviewing the principles of law and positive law principles derived from the existing literature materials in legislation and the provisions especially in relation to the exclusion of indigenous people's rights in the obligation of the state to create a healthy environment for the management of natural resources as a manifestation of human rights protection, and supplemented by empirical data in the form of interviews with related parties in Balaesang Tanjung Donggala District. The results show that natural resource management activities, linked to indigenous and tribal peoples' rights in environmental protection are regulated in various laws, both nationally and internationally. Implementation of government responsibility in mining management is related to the right of customary law community in enjoying the environment has not been optimally done. From the case of Balaesang Tanjung Donggala, it is envisaged that local governments ignore the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples in enjoying a healthy environment.

scholarly journals The Problem And Its Impacts Of Mangrove Rehabilitation In Karangsong

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
Fatimatuzzahroh Feti ◽  
Hadi Sudharto P
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Mangrove Rehabilitation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mangrove Conservation

Efforts to conserve coastal abrasion areas due to the overlapping of coastal development that causing in the overcapacity of environmental carrying capacity can be done among others by rehabilitating mangroves. Community development is an approach to help society by analyzing their problems and finding their solutions. Some studies show that mangrove rehabilitation be successful with a community development approach. However there is a new problem when the success of mangrove rehabilitation in Karangsong began to be claimed by one of the parties from several stakeholders who involved in mangrove rehabilitation activities. Beside that, problems arise from local governments claiming ownership of mangrove rehabilitation areas. The transfer of ownership is feared to threaten the sustainability of the mangrove forest area because the mangrove forest area is also an ecotourism, should be damaged conservation areas because it only focuses only on ecotourism. This paper reviews how the impact of one-sided claiming of one of the stakeholders and also the transfer of ownership of mangrove conservation area. To achieve the sustainability of the mangrove conservation area is needed regulation that not only benefits the government but also must involve the community in making the policy. In addition to the importance of sustainability of mangrove conservation is the main thing in conservation efforts.

scholarly journals National-Local Networks and Immigration Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-376
Author(s):  
Jill L. Tao
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
The Impact

The ability to regulate the flow of goods, capital and people across borders is one of the defining characteristics of nation-state political power. But there is not always agreement between the central government and local officials as to the desirability of immigration, where local governments may desire greater, or fewer, numbers of immigrants, depending on the local economy and labor needs. In South Korea, a unitary form of government offers an opportunity to examine the policy distance between the national government’s stance on immigration based on the politics of the ruling party, and the attitudes of local officials who work for metropolitan-level governments (those with a population of one million or more). I look at the impact of local economic market needs on local attitudes towards national immigration policy through the lens of intergovernmental relations and Lipsky’s concept of bureaucratic discretion. Comparing two cases drawn from local governments in South Korea with dissimilar economic bases but similar levels of local autonomy, I find that economic needs at the local level are addressed by local approaches to immigration policy. Contrary to expectations, the cases illustrate the relative importance of fiscal autonomy and a new understanding for political autonomy. These cases illustrate the need for caution when applying political and institutional theory within new contexts and offer new variables for future investigations of local autonomy.

The politics of redistribution in local governments: the effect of gender representation on welfare spending in California counties

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghee Park
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Welfare Spending ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis research explores the impact of gender representation at the state and local levels on redistributive choices. This research also examines whether female officeholders moderate the impact of the local economy and institution on welfare spending. Hypotheses are tested across 58 counties in California over ten years, between 2001 and 2010. According to the fixed effect models, women in state legislature had a positive effect on local welfare spending, while women on county boards had no significant effect. However, a positive moderating effect of women on county boards during economic hardship was found. Three categories of control variables include institutional factors, such as the introduction of Proposition 1A and county home rule; political factors, such as the political preference of each county’s residents and strength of non-profit organisations; and socio-economic factors, such as intergovernmental revenue, unemployment rate and demographics. Counties with more intergovernmental revenue and supporters of Democratic presidential candidates are likely to spend more on welfare services.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tourism on the Local Economy in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Hong Puah ◽  
Meng-Chang Jong ◽  
Norazirah Ayob ◽  
Shafinar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The local and international communities play an important role in the sustainable growth of the Malaysian tourism industry. The principle of sustainable growth in the tourism industry was proposed by the World Tourism Organization (WTO) in 1988. As the tourism industry is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in Malaysia, the government has poured considerable effort into promoting this industry consistent with the objective of the Economic Transformation Program (ETP) to transform from a resource-based economy to a service-based economy. This study aimed to test the hypothesis of tourism-led growth from Malaysia’s perspective. The tourism revenue earned by the government can be used to invest in industry to further promote economic growth in Malaysia. Hence, tourist receipts and capital investment in the tourism industry are important factors that can affect the nation’s economic growth. Utilizing Malaysian data from 1995 to 2016, the study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to examine whether the tourism-led growth is valid in this study. Empirical findings indicated that both variables have a significant positive impact on economic growth and the hypothesis of tourism-led growth is accepted in Malaysia.

scholarly journals DAMPAK DAN MODEL BARU PEMERINTAHAN TERBELAH PASCA PEMILIHAN GUBERNUR KALIMANTAN BARAT TAHUN 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Andi Syarif T. U. W. ◽  
Muh. Ilham ◽  
Sampara Lukman ◽  
Ella Wargadinata
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Paradigm ◽  
Descriptive Method

In 2000, the Government of Indonesia took a bold step by adopting a very radical policy of decentralization by devolving broad powers to local governments. The concept of divided government is a new thing that is happening in the government system in Indonesia. This article examines the impact of the governor election in West Kalimantan in 2018 and assesses the current paradigm for divided governance. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, which provides a complete analysis and analysis of the evidence found. The results show that divided government can have an impact on political and bureaucratic obstacles after the 2018 West Kalimantan Governor Election. The study also found and introduced new methods of implementing split government, namely through ANDI as theoretical implications.

Impact of the Sales Tax Rate on its Base: Evidence from a Small Town

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Mikesell ◽  
C. Kurt Zorn
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Sales Tax ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Share Model ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Local governments and businesses fear that increased local sales tax rates will induce losses to the local economy, even inducing losses so severe that no additional revenue will result from a higher tax rate. Earlier works by Fisher, Hamovitch, and Mikesell have examined sales loss in metropolitan areas, typically finding significant but not overwhelming effects. Those results do not address the question for small cities and typically are complicated by the expenditure effects resulting from the increased tax revenues. The present analysis uses unique data for a small town to examine the impact of a temporary sales tax rate increase with a retail sales share model. The evidence shows a significant but small sales impact that did not endure (a differential of 1% would lower city sales by 3.07%) and no impact on vendor location. The unfavorable rate differential produced a short-run effect, but not economic disaster.

The Concept of an ‘Enabling’ Local Authority

10.1068/c9869 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Smith
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
User Choice ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Elected Representatives ◽  
The Impact

Six distinct though related strands of ‘enabling’ as applied to the ability of local governments to engage in innovative methods of service delivery are distinguished. The practice of ‘enabling’ is analysed to identify possible advantages, obstacles, and disadvantages. Contracting can secure economies and strengthen the local economy but can cause problems of accountability. Consumerism may extend service-user choice but can be tokenistic for dependent clients and claimants. Community planning forces elected representatives to consider the impact on the community of the actions of all local decisionmakers but can be negated by central controls. Leadership can mobilise community resources from the commercial and not-for-profit sectors but is incompatible with the proliferation of nonaccountable agencies. Self-help can improve service responsiveness but is not necessarily democratically organised or empowering. Participation can empower but its commonest forms are weak. Concepts of enabling show how conventional local government can create innovative local governance.

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