Dissolving Pulp From Eucalyptus Sawdust For Regenerated Cellulose Products

Abstract This study assesses the possibility of obtaining regenerated cellulose products (beads and films) from eucalyptus sawdust dissolving pulps produced by non-conventional processes, compared with a commercial dissolving pulp as a reference. Eucalyptus sawdust dissolving pulps were obtained by soda pulping followed by two different TCF sequential bleaching processes OOpZ and OOp (where O is oxygen, Op is oxygen reinforced with hydrogen peroxide, and Z is ozone), followed by a cold soda extraction. The characterization of dissolving pulps involved alpha-, beta- and gamma-cellulose content, alkali solubility with 10 wt% (S10), and 18 wt% NaOH (S18) aqueous solutions, and degree of polymerization. Fock´s method was used to measure cellulose reactivity and the alkali solubility in a 9 wt% NaOH aqueous solution at -5 °C to evaluate the pulps dissolving capacity. Dissolving pulps presented high cellulose content (> 93 %, expressed as a-cellulose) and good reactivity (almost 84 %). The dissolving pulps were adequate raw materials for regenerated cellulose products (beads and films) from two cellulose dissolution methods: direct dissolution in NaOH/urea and cellulose carbamate solution. The sequence OOpE (where E is an alkaline extraction) was determined to be a more economically feasible and straightforward process to produce dissolving pulp than OOpZE. The experimental pulps showed the expected characteristics of the dissolving pulp to obtain regenerated cellulose products. However, it is necessary to deepen the study of producing regenerated cellulose films with enhanced mechanical properties from experimental dissolving pulps, solvents, coagulation, and regeneration conditions.

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Cellulose (dissolving pulp) manufacturing processes and properties: A mini-review

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.11.2.chen ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 5553-5564 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Chunxia Chen ◽

Chao Duan ◽

Jianguo Li ◽

Yishan Liu ◽

Xiaojuan Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽

Dissolving Pulp ◽

Current Status ◽

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Manufacturing Processes ◽

Significant Development ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Dissolving Pulps ◽

Key Issues

The increasing consumption of regenerated cellulose, in particular the viscose fiber, has led to a significant development of dissolving pulps in the last decade. In this review paper, the current status of dissolving pulp with respects to raw materials, manufacturing processes, and some key issues are discussed. Non-wood materials and the process concept of upgrading paper-grade pulp into dissolving pulp are also included. Some recent developments related to the analytical methods of the purity and molecular weight distribution based on the ion chromatography and gel permeation chromatography are discussed. Finally, further processing improvements of purification, such as mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatment, and their combinations during the manufacturing process of dissolving pulp, are included.

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Preparation of acetate-grade dissolving pulp from eucalyptus by processes including alkaline pretreatment and combined post-treatments with xylanase and alkali

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj12.9.19 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

WEN LIU ◽

SHUKE ZHOU ◽

XIAOHUA QI ◽

JUNWEN PU

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Degree Of Polymerization ◽

Kraft Pulping ◽

Dissolving Pulp ◽

Alkaline Pretreatment ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Pulp Bleaching ◽

Sodium Hydroxide Concentration

In this investigation, alkaline pretreatment before kraft pulping and combined post-treatments with xylanase and alkali after bleaching were applied to obtain an acetate-grade dissolving pulp. Bleaching sequences using oxygen or hydrogen peroxide were also studied. The brightness, α-cellulose content, and degree of polymerization (DP) of the bleached pulps from different bleaching sequences were evaluated. Alkaline pretreatment resulted in a higher α-cellulose content in the pulp. When a D1ED2P bleaching sequence was applied, the pulp obtained had an ISO brightness of 87.5%, a DP of 1050, and an α-cellulose content of 92.7%. The requirements for an acetate-grade dissolving pulp can then be met when followed by combined post-treatments with xylanase and alkali under the optimal conditions of 120 IU•g–1 xylanase dosage and 4% sodium hydroxide concentration.

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Pretreatment of softwood dissolving pulp with ionic liquids

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2011-0180 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (8) ◽

pp. 935-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Dongfang Li ◽

Olena Sevastyanova ◽

Monica Ek

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Chemical Interaction ◽

Degree Of Polymerization ◽

Dissolving Pulp ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Pulp Mills ◽

Cellulosic Material ◽

Dissolving Pulps ◽

The Impact

Abstract Few Scandinavian pulp mills produce dissolving pulps; however, the demand on textile fibers is increasing. This study investigates the chemical interaction of dissolving pulp with ionic liquids (ILs), where softwood and hardwood industrial dissolving pulps were pretreated with ILs 1-butyl-3-methy-limidazolium acetate ([C4mim+]CH3COO-) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imdazolium chloride ([C4mim+]Cl-). Time and temperature dependence of the dissolution process as well as the impact of the pretreatment on the molecular weight properties, thermal stability, morphology, and crystallinity of the cellulose were evaluated by means of size exclusion chromatography (SEC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It was shown that the dissolution of cellulosic material in ILs is a temperature-dependent process; however, the viscosity of ILs affected the efficiency of dissolution at a given temperature. Molecular weight properties were affected negatively by increased dissolution temperature, while the type of antisolvent for the regeneration had no major impact on the degree of polymerization of cellulose. Water was more efficient than ethanol for the regeneration of cellulose when performed at an elevated temperature. The pretreatment decreased the crystallinity of cellulosic material. This might lead to the increased accessibility and reactivity of cellulose.

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PEMBUATAN NITROSELULOSA DARI BERBAGAI PULP LARUT KOMERSIAL SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PROPELAN

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v4i02.85 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (02) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Frederikus Tunjung Seta ◽

Susi Sugesty ◽

Teddy Kardiansyah

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Ball Mill ◽

Dissolving Pulp ◽

Nitrogen Level ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Formula One ◽

Kraft Process ◽

Dissolving Pulps

One effort to overcome the limited cotton is the use of dissolving pulp or rayon pulp with high α-cellulose content. The aim of this research is to study the nitration process of cellulose from various commercial dissolved pulp into nitrocellulose, which is a material for Propellant Nitro Cellulose (PNC). The most important parameter in the preparation of propellant is nitrogen level, which should be higher than 12,75%. The dissolving pulps from softwood sulfite process (A), hardwood kraft process (B), and hardwood sulfite process (C) were pre-treated before nitration process, namely ball mill, willey mill, and blender. Nitrocellulose was made using two types of formulas, which were formula one (HNO3:HNO3 Fumming:H2SO4 = 1:3:12) and formula two (HNO3:HNO3 Fumming:H2SO4 = 1:1.25:4). The results showed that the preparation of nitrocellulose from dissolving pulp A using blender pretreatment and formula two provided the highest nitrogen level (14.05%). The burn test of nitrocellulose met the smokeless specifications. Furthermore, the functional groups test by FTIR showed the presence of nitro group.Keywords: dissolving pulp, nitrocellulose, propellant, nitrogen content, nitration process ABSTRAK Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi ketersediaan kapas yang terbatas adalah dengan menggunakan pulp larut atau pulp rayon yaitu pulp dengan kandungan α-selulosa yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari formula dan bahan baku yang paling baik untuk pembuatan nitroselulosa sebagai bahan Propellant Nitro Cellulose (PNC) dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis pulp larut komersial. Parameter yang terpenting dalam pembuatan propelan adalah kadar nitrogen harus lebih dari 12,75%. Sebelum proses nitrasi, dilakukan beberapa cara perlakuan awal yaitu menggunakan ballmill, willeymill, dan blender terhadap pulp larut dari jenis kayujarum proses sulfit (A), kayudaun proses kraft (B), dan kayudaun proses sulfit (C). Nitroselulosa dibuat menggunakan dua jenis formula yaitu formula 1 (HNO3:HNO3 Fumming:H2SO4= 1:3:12) dan formula 2 (HNO3:HNO3 Fumming:H2SO4= 1:1,25:4). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembuatan nitroselulosa dari pulp larut A dengan perlakuan awal blender dan menggunakan formula 2 memberikan kadar nitrogen yang paling besar yaitu sekitar 14,05%. Sedangkan uji nyala nitroselulosa memenuhi spesifikasi smokeless dan uji gugus fungsi dengan FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus nitro.Kata kunci: pulp larut, nitroselulosa, propelan, kadar nitrogen, proses nitrasi

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Modelling and optimization of the last two stages of an environmentally-compatible TCF bleaching sequence

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.13.3.6642-6662 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 6642-6662

Author(s):

Tamara Llano ◽

Carlos Arce ◽

Gema Ruiz ◽

Naveen Chenna ◽

Alberto Coz

Keyword(s):

Linear Optimization ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Quality Properties ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

Dissolving Pulps ◽

Two Stages

A totally chlorine free (TCF) bleaching sequence was studied for an acid sulfite pulp mill that produces dissolving pulps. Laboratory analyses of the last two bleaching stages, an oxidant-reinforced alkaline extraction stage (EOP), and a subsequent pressurized peroxide with oxygen stage (PO), were performed on a eucalypt pulp that had been delignified by an ozone (Z) stage in the pulp mill. The goal was to predict the optimal costs and operational conditions for the (EOP)(PO) partial bleach sequence for three different specialty pulp products. Four independent variables affecting the pulp quality properties were examined for each stage (i.e., reaction temperature, reaction time, NaOH dosage and H2O2 dosage). The dependent variables were various pulp properties, such as intrinsic pulp viscosity, alpha-cellulose content, kappa number, and GE brightness. Three scenarios were considered to optimize the bleaching process, which related to a regenerated cellulose product (viscose) that is widely commercialized, and to two novel products (nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Statistical response surface models indicated that the bleaching behavior of the ozone-treated pulp could be represented by second-order polynomial equations. These non-linear optimization models predict cost savings of 62.2%, 73.4%, and 63.3% for producing viscose, NCC, and NFC pulp grades, respectively.

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Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Dissolving Pulp Serat Panjang dari Bambu Duri (Bambusa blumeana)

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v1i01.232 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chandra Apriana Purwita ◽

Susi Sugesty

Keyword(s):

Fiber Length ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Dissolving Pulp ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Different Types ◽

Good Potential ◽

Long Fibers

Preparation and Characterization of Long Fiber Dissolving Pulp from Spiny Bamboo (Bambusa blumeana)The need for long fiber dissolving pulp in Indonesia can only be met from imports. Bamboo is a nonwood plant and known as source of long fiber. This research aims to study the potential of spiny bamboo to be used as raw material for producing long fiber dissolving pulp. This research was conducted using two different types of raw materials preparation to produce bamboo chip and decorticated bamboo. The pulping process is carried out by pre-hydrolysis kraft and bleaching performed with two different bleaching sequences, i.e Do ED1 D2 and Do EpD1 D2 . Based on the experimental results, spiny bamboo has good potential to be used as raw material for dissolving pulp. Spiny bamboo belongs to long fibers with an average fiber length of 2.46 mm. The dissolving quality depends on the preparation of the raw material and the bleaching sequence. The yield of spiny bamboo dissolving pulp ranged from 37.97 - 40.76% with alpha cellulose content of 94.88 - 98.67%, and viscosity of 16.43 - 25.75 cP. Decorticated bamboo with bleaching sequence of Do EpD1 D2 produced the highest quality of dissolving pulp with the highest brightness and alpha cellulose were 89.61% ISO and 98.67%, respectively.AbstrakKebutuhan dissolving pulp serat panjang di Indonesia hanya dapat dipenuhi melalui impor. Bambu adalah tanaman nonkayu dan dikenal sebagai sumber serat panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi bambu duri untuk dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan dissolving pulp serat panjang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua jenis persiapan bahan baku yang berbeda untuk menghasilkan serpih bambu dan bambu dekortikasi. Proses pemasakan dilakukan dengan proses pra-hidrolisis kraft dan pemutihan dilakukan dengan dua urutan pemutihan yang berbeda, yaitu DoED1D2 dan DoEpD1D2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bambu duri memiliki potensi yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan dissolving pulp. Bambu duri tergolong serat panjang dengan panjang serat rata-rata 2,46 mm. Kualitas dissolving pup yang dihasilkan tergantung dari persiapan bahan baku dan urutan pemutihan. Rendemen dissolving pulp bambu duri berkisar 37,97 - 40,76%, dengan kandungan selulosa alfa 94,88 - 98,67%, dan viskositas 16,43 - 25,75 cP. Bambu dekortikasi dengan urutan pemutihan DoEpD1D2 menghasilkan dissolving pulp paling unggul dengan derajat cerah dan selulosa alfa tertinggi berturut-turut 89,61 %ISO dan 98,67%.Kata kunci: dissolving pulp, bambu duri (Bambusa blumeana), serpih bambu, bambu dekortikasi, prahidrolisis kraft

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Optimization of The-Hydrolysis Parameters of Dissolving Pulp of Fast-Growing Poplar Producing

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1354 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 690-693 ◽

pp. 1354-1357

Author(s):

Yin Bo Li ◽

Gui Hua Yang ◽

Jia Chuan Chen

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Research Work ◽

Dissolving Pulp ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Paper Making ◽

Dissolving Pulps ◽

Fiber Materials ◽

Hydrolysis Conditions ◽

Acid Dosage

As textile industrial and glass paper-making materials, dissolving pulps are scarce in China and a great deal of dissolving pulps are imported in the recent years. Currently different fiber materials are tried to produce dissolving pulp in China. In this research work the hydrolysis parameters of the fast-growing poplar based dissolving pulp producing were investigated .And the chemical composition of pulp after hydrolysis were also analyzed, the experimental results showed that the optimal hydrolysis conditions were acid dosage in the range from 0.015% to 0.035%, wood-to-liquor ratio 1:6.5, and the temperature 130 °C. The pentosan content of the pulp after hydrolysis in this hydrolysis conditions was in range of 0.62%-23.16%, which decreased by 23.01%. And the cellulose content slightly changed.

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Textile qualities of regenerated cellulose fibers from cotton waste pulp

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517517723021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 (21) ◽

pp. 2485-2492 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Stina Björquist ◽

Julia Aronsson ◽

Gunnar Henriksson ◽

Anders Persson

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Cellulose Fibers ◽

Dissolving Pulp ◽

Attractive Alternative ◽

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Comparable Rate ◽

Cotton Waste ◽

Lyocell Fibers ◽

Commercial Off The Shelf ◽

Viscose Process

Cotton is not the answer to meet the rapidly growing demand for textile fibers. Wood-based regenerated cellulose fibers are an attractive alternative. Since wood is a candidate to replace fossil raw materials in so many applications of the circular economy, other sources need investigation. Cotton linters work in the viscose process – can cotton waste be used to make dissolving pulp? We describe the textile qualities of lyocell fibers from (i) pure cotton waste pulp and (ii) blending with conventional dissolving pulp. The staple fibers were tensile tested, yarns spun and tensile tested and knitted, and tested for shrinkage, water and dye sorption, abrasion resistance, fuzzing and pilling, staining and fastness. TENCEL® staple fibers and off-the-shelf TENCEL® yarn were used as references. The results show that the two study fibers had tenacity and an E-modulus that exceeded the staple fiber reference. Also, the study yarns were at least as good as the spun reference yarn and the commercial off-the-shelf yarn in terms of wet tenacity. Single jerseys made from the study yarns shrunk less upon laundering, which is surprising since they could absorb at least as much water at a comparable rate as the references. Dyeability, staining and color fastness, durability and pilling tendency showed that the two study fiber tricots performed at least as good as the references. This study suggests that cotton waste is a promising candidate for special grade pulp to suit niche regenerated fiber products or to spice up conventional wood-based dissolving pulp.

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Comparative Studies of Pulping of Jute Fiber, Jute Cutting and Jute Caddis

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v42i4.750 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 425-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M Sarwar Jahan ◽

A Al-Maruf ◽

MA Quaiyyum

Keyword(s):

Comparative Studies ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Kappa Number ◽

Dissolving Pulp ◽

Jute Fiber ◽

Pulp Yield ◽

Pulp Fiber ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Kraft Process

Comparative studies of retted jute fiber, jute cuttings and jute caddis were carried out in producing dissolving and paper grade pulp. Fiber length of jute fiber was longer than jute cutting and caddis. Klason lignin content was lower and α-cellulose content higher in jute fiber than cuttings and caddis. Extractives content in caddis was higher than jute fiber and cuttings. Pulping of these raw materials was done in soda-anthraquinone process. Higher pulp yield and lower kappa number was observed in jute fiber than that of jute cuttings and caddis. Jute fiber pulp showed better papermaking properties than jute cuttings and caddis. The tear index of these raw materials was similar to softwood. The bleachability of jute fiber pulp was also better than that of cuttings and caddis. These three raw materials were also evaluated in producing dissolving pulp by prehydrolysed kraft process. Pulp yield and bleachability was higher and kappa number lower for jute fiber than jute cuttings and caddis, but α-cellulose, S10 and S18 values and viscosity were almost similar in these three raw materials. Keywords: Jute fiber, Jute cuttings, Jute caddis, Paper grade pulp, Dissolving pulp Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(4), 425-434, 2007

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Study on Technology of Pre-Hydrolysis Pretreament in Bagasse Dissolving Pulp Preparation Process

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.886.204 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 886 ◽

pp. 204-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ping Zheng ◽

Wen Qian Li ◽

Lie Jiang ◽

Cheng Rong Qin

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Cellulose Degradation ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Dissolving Pulp ◽

Raw Material ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Hydrolysis Process

This research used bagasse as raw material, through xylanase biological treatment process, preparative bagasse dissolving pulp. The optimum process conditions of sulfuric acid pre-hydrolysis were as below: Acid dosage 0.10%, 150°C, 90min. After pre-hydrolysis, cellulose content of the raw materials increased 18.45%, and pentosan decreased 14.49%. The fiber quality analysis showed fiber length and width were reduced, the tiny fiber content was decreased after acid pre-hydrolysis; HPLC analysis showed the optimum acid pre-hydrolysis process which can reduce the inevitable cellulose degradation effectively,hemicelluloses were hydrolyzed furthest at the same time; FTIR spectrum analysis showed acid pre-hydrolysis process can dissolve a lot of hemicelluloses.

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