scholarly journals Incidence and Multidimensional Predictors of Occasional and Recurrent Falls among Malaysian Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theng Choon Ooi ◽  
Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh ◽  
Suzana Shahar ◽  
Nor Fadilah Rajab ◽  
Divya Vanoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Recurrent Falls ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background: Falls incidence rate and comprehensive data on factors that predict occasional and repeated falls from large population-based studies are scarce. This study aimed to determine the incidence of falls and identify predictors of occasional and recurrent falls within the social, medical, physical, nutritional, biochemical, cognitive dimensions among community-dwelling older Malaysians. Methods: Data from 1,763 Malaysian community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years were obtained from the LRGS-TUA longitudinal study. Participants were categorized into three groups according to the presence of a single fall (occasional fallers), ≥two falls (recurrent fallers), or absence of falls (non-fallers) at an 18-month follow-up. Results: Three hundred and nine (17.5%) participants reported fall occurrence at 18-month follow-up, of whom 85 (27.5%) had two or more falls. The incidence rate for occasional falls and recurrent falls was 8.47 and 3.21 per 100 person-years, respectively. Following multifactorial adjustments, being single (OR: 5.310: 95% CI: 1.963-14.361), having higher depression score (OR: 1.123; 95% CI: 1.045-1.207), lower hemoglobin level (OR: 0.873; 95% CI: 0.797-0.956), and taking a longer time to complete the chair stand test (OR: 0.936; 95% CI: 0.881-0.995) remained independent predictors of occasional falls. While, having higher depression score (OR: 1.116; 95% CI: 1.010-1.233), being a stroke survivor (OR: 5.639; 95% CI: 1.502-21.129), having higher percentage of body fat (OR: 1.038; 95% CI: 1.010-1.067), lower hemoglobin level (OR: 0.853; 95% CI: 0.741-0.982), and taking longer time to complete the chair stand test (OR: 0.907; 95% CI: 0.824-0.998) appeared as recurrent falls predictors.Conclusions: Having depression, lower muscle strength and hemoglobin levels predict both occasional and recurrent falls among Malaysian community-dwelling older adults. This finding has implications for future research planning, which should aim to identify effective strategies for preventing falls among older adults by modifying these identified predictors.

scholarly journals Incidence and multidimensional predictors of occasional and recurrent falls among Malaysian community‐dwelling older persons

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theng Choon Ooi ◽  
Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh ◽  
Suzana Shahar ◽  
Nor Fadilah Rajab ◽  
Divya Vanoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test ◽  
Recurrent Falls ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Falls incidence rate and comprehensive data on factors that predict occasional and repeated falls from large population-based studies are scarce. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of falls and identify predictors of occasional and recurrent falls. This was done in the social, medical, physical, nutritional, biochemical, cognitive dimensions among community-dwelling older Malaysians. Methods Data from 1,763 Malaysian community-dwelling older persons aged ≥ 60 years were obtained from the LRGS-TUA longitudinal study. Participants were categorized into three groups according to the presence of a single fall (occasional fallers), ≥two falls (recurrent fallers), or absence of falls (non-fallers) at an 18-month follow-up. Results Three hundred and nine (17.53 %) participants reported fall occurrences at an 18-month follow-up, of whom 85 (27.51 %) had two or more falls. The incidence rate for occasional and recurrent falls was 8.47 and 3.21 per 100 person-years, respectively. Following multifactorial adjustments, being female (OR: 1.57; 95 % CI: 1.04–2.36), being single (OR: 5.31; 95 % CI: 3.36–37.48), having history of fall (OR: 1.86; 95 % CI: 1.19–2.92) higher depression scale score (OR: 1.10; 95 % CI: 1.02–1.20), lower hemoglobin levels (OR: 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.81-1.00) and lower chair stand test score (OR: 0.93; 95 % CI: 0.87-1.00) remained independent predictors of occasional falls. While, having history of falls (OR: 2.74; 95 % CI: 1.45–5.19), being a stroke survivor (OR: 8.57; 95 % CI: 2.12–34.65), higher percentage of body fat (OR: 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01–1.08) and lower chair stand test score (OR: 0.87; 95 % CI: 0.77–0.97) appeared as recurrent falls predictors. Conclusions Having history of falls and lower muscle strength were predictors for both occasional and recurrent falls among Malaysian community-dwelling older persons. Modifying these predictors may be beneficial in falls prevention and management strategies among older persons.

scholarly journals Temporal Patterns in Performance of the 30 s Chair-Stand Test Evince Differences in Physical and Mental Characteristics among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Akio Goda ◽  
Shin Murata ◽  
Hideki Nakano ◽  
Hina Matsuda ◽  
Kana Yokoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Mental Characteristics

Studies involving the 30 s chair-stand test (CS-30) have shown that subjects’ movements can vary during the test, and that these variations may follow several patterns. The present study aimed to define these different patterns and their respective incidences among a population of community-dwelling older adults in Japan. We also investigated, among the patterns identified, potential associations with physical and mental characteristics. The study population comprised 202 community-dwelling older adults. Subjects were classified into four groups based on how their CS-30 performance (defined through sit–stand–sit cycle count) changed over three successive 10 s segments: “steady-goers,” “fluctuators,” “decelerators,” and “accelerators.” Several other measures were also evaluated, including sit-up count, knee-extension strength, toe-grip strength, and Mini-Mental State Examination score. We found that steady-goers and decelerators comprised 70% of the sample. Fluctuators and steady-goers showed comparable physical function. Decelerators exhibited significant correlations between CS-30 score (total cycles) and tasks involving persistence and repetitive actions (p < 0.05). In addition, accelerators showed significantly stronger knee extension than steady-goers (p < 0.01). Differences in temporal patterns of CS-30 performance corresponded to differences in certain dimensions of physical and mental function. Our findings may be useful for planning and evaluating intervention programs aimed at long-term-care prevention among community-dwelling older adults.

scholarly journals Automatic and Real-Time Computation of the 30-Seconds Chair-Stand Test without Professional Supervision for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5813
Author(s):  
Antonio Cobo ◽  
Elena Villalba-Mora ◽  
Rodrigo Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Xavier Ferre ◽  
Walter Escalante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Professional Supervision ◽  
Chair Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The present paper describes a system for older people to self-administer the 30-s chair stand test (CST) at home without supervision. The system comprises a low-cost sensor to count sit-to-stand (SiSt) transitions, and an Android application to guide older people through the procedure. Two observational studies were conducted to test (i) the sensor in a supervised environment (n = 7; m = 83.29 years old, sd = 4.19; 5 female), and (ii) the complete system in an unsupervised one (n = 7; age 64–74 years old; 3 female). The participants in the supervised test were asked to perform a 30-s CST with the sensor, while a member of the research team manually counted valid transitions. Automatic and manual counts were perfectly correlated (Pearson’s r = 1, p = 0.00). Even though the sample was small, none of the signals around the critical score were affected by harmful noise; p (harmless noise) = 1, 95% CI = (0.98, 1). The participants in the unsupervised test used the system in their homes for a month. None of them dropped out, and they reported it to be easy to use, comfortable, and easy to understand. Thus, the system is suitable to be used by older adults in their homes without professional supervision.

scholarly journals Forgiveness Interventions for Older Adults: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1866
Author(s):  
Javier López ◽  
Maria Inés Serrano ◽  
Isabel Giménez ◽  
Cristina Noriega
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Group Treatments ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

A meta-analysis of the efficacy of forgiveness interventions in older adults was conducted. International databases (Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for studies published from 1990 to 2020 that attempted to promote forgiveness in older adults. Most intervention studies are group treatments targeted towards community-dwelling older adults. Participants in these studies are mainly women. The intervention objectives and contents vary widely and often criteria are not well-defined. Participants that received forgiveness interventions reported significantly higher levels of forgiveness than participants that did not receive treatment. Additionally, forgiveness interventions resulted in more changes in depression, stress and anger than no intervention conditions. Forgiveness treatment also enhances positive states (satisfaction with life, subjective happiness, and psychological wellbeing). The reported effects are moderate. The specific treatment model (e.g., Enright’s, Worthington’s) and format (e.g., group-based interventions and individually delivered programs) do not differentially predict better outcomes. In conclusion, future intervention studies should include more male participants and utilize a broader range of follow-up periods. Caution must be exercised because of the limited number of studies developed to date; researchers must be cautious when generalizing the results.

scholarly journals Impact of Malnutrition Status on Muscle Parameter Changes over a 5-Year Follow-Up of Community-Dwelling Older Adults from the SarcoPhAge Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Laetitia Lengelé ◽  
Olivier Bruyère ◽  
Charlotte Beaudart ◽  
Jean-Yves Reginster ◽  
Médéa Locquet
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
P Values ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study aimed to assess the impact of malnutrition on the 5-year evolution of physical performance, muscle mass and muscle strength in participants from the SarcoPhAge cohort, consisting of community-dwelling older adults. The malnutrition status was assessed at baseline (T0) according to the “Global Leadership Initiatives on Malnutrition” (GLIM) criteria, and the muscle parameters were evaluated both at T0 and after five years of follow-up (T5). Lean mass, muscle strength and physical performance were assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry, handgrip dynamometry, the short physical performance battery test and the timed up and go test, respectively. Differences in muscle outcomes according to nutritional status were tested using Student’s t-test. The association between malnutrition and the relative 5-year change in the muscle parameters was tested using multiple linear regressions adjusted for several covariates. A total of 411 participants (mean age of 72.3 ± 6.1 years, 56% women) were included. Of them, 96 individuals (23%) were diagnosed with malnutrition at baseline. Their muscle parameters were significantly lower than those of the well-nourished patients both at baseline and after five years of follow-up (all p-values < 0.05), except for muscle strength in women at T5, which was not significantly lower in the presence of malnutrition. However, the 5-year changes in muscle parameters of malnourished individuals were not significantly different than those of well-nourished individuals (all p-values > 0.05).

Prospective Associations of Physical Frailty With Future Falls and Fear of Falling: A 48-Month Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Makino ◽  
S Lee ◽  
S Bae ◽  
I Chiba ◽  
K Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to examine the prospective associations of physical frailty with future falls and fear of falling (FOF) among community-dwelling older adults. Methods A prospective cohort study with a 48-month follow-up was conducted in a Japanese community. Participants were 2469 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older who completed baseline and follow-up assessments at intervals of 48±2 months. Primary outcomes were recent falls (defined as at least one fall within the past year) and FOF (determined by response to “Are you afraid of falling?”) at follow-up survey. Physical frailty, operationalized by the frailty phenotype (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, weight loss, and low activity) based on the criteria of the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS), was also assessed as a predictor of future falls and FOF. Results Multivariate logistic regression showed that pre-frailty or frailty increase the risk of not only future falls (OR: 1.57; 95%CI = 1.20-2.05) but also FOF (OR: 1.33; 95%CI = 1.05-1.69). In addition, the relationship between baseline frailty status and future falls remained significant after adjusting for baseline FOF (OR: 1.55; 95%CI = 1.19-2.02), and the relationship between baseline frailty status and future FOF also remained significant after adjusting for baseline falls (OR: 1.32; 95%CI = 1.04-1.68). Conclusions Frailty status may predict future falls and FOF among community-dwelling older adults. Strategies to prevent frailty may be beneficial to prevent not only future falls but also future FOF in a community setting. Impact Falls and FOF have a close relationship but a different clinical meaning. Older adults with physical frailty may require monitoring as high-risk not only for falls but also for FOF.

Effects of Aerobic, Resistance, or Combined Exercise Training Among Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Taeko Makino ◽  
Hiroyuki Umegaki ◽  
Masahiko Ando ◽  
Xian Wu Cheng ◽  
Koji Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Physical exercise is suggested to be effective for preventing cognitive decline in older adults, but the relative efficacy of different types of exercise have yet to be clarified. Objective: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the differential effects of aerobic exercise training (AT), resistance exercise training (RT), and combined exercise training (CT) on cognition in older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC). Methods: Community-dwelling older adults with SMC (n = 415; mean age = 72.3 years old) were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: AT, RT, CT, or control group. The study consisted of two phases: a 26-week intervention and a 26-week follow-up. The participants were evaluated at baseline, 26 weeks (postintervention), and 52 weeks (follow-up). The primary outcome of this study was memory function, which was assessed using the Logical Memory II subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) score. The secondary outcomes included global cognitive function, verbal fluency, working memory, processing speed, and executive functions. Results: Intention-to-treat analysis by a mixed-effect model repeated measure showed that the AT group had significantly improved performance on the WMS-R Logical Memory II test (2.74 [1.82–3.66] points) than the control group (1.36 [0.44–2.28] points) at the postintervention assessment (p = 0.037). The effect was more pronounced in those without amnesia than those with amnesia. No significant improvement was observed in the RT and CT groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that AT intervention can improve delayed memory in community-dwelling older adults, particularly in individuals without objective memory decline.

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