scholarly journals Rapid, Label-free Pathogen Identification System for Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Wound Infection Detection on Military Members in the Battlefield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chen ◽  
J. Chau ◽  
J. Yoon ◽  
J. Hladky
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Pathogen Identification ◽  
Sample Classification ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract US military service members experiencing combat-related wounds have higher risk of infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The gold standard culture-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is not feasible in the battlefield environment. Thus, a rapid deployable system for bacteria identification and AST directly from wound sample is urgently needed. We report a Rapid, Label-free Pathogen Identification (RAPID) diagnostic system based on ATR-FTIR method to detect and distinguish multi-drug resistant strains for six different species in the ESKAPEE group. Our RAPID system combines on-broad sample processing to isolate and enrich bacteria cells from wound sample, ATR-FTIR measurement to detect antimicrobial-induced bacterial cell spectral changes, and machine learning model for automated, objective, and quantitative spectral analysis and unknown sample classification. Based on experimental results, our RAPID system is a promising technology for label-free, sensitive (104 cfu/mL from mixture), species-specific (> 95% accuracy), rapid (< 10 min for identification, ~ 4 hours for AST) bacteria detection directly from wound samples.

scholarly journals Testudines as Sentinels for Monitoring the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance in Marine Environments: An Integrative Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Kezia Drane ◽  
Roger Huerlimann ◽  
Michelle Power ◽  
Anna Whelan ◽  
Ellen Ariel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Standard Culture

Dissemination of antibiotic resistance (AR) in marine environments is a global concern with a propensity to affect public health and many ecosystems worldwide. We evaluated the use of sea turtles as sentinel species for monitoring AR in marine environments. In this field, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been commonly identified by using standard culture and sensitivity tests, leading to an overrepresentation of specific, culturable bacterial classes in the available literature. AR was detected against all major antibiotic classes, but the highest cumulative global frequency of resistance in all represented geographical sites was against the beta-lactam class by a two-fold difference compared to all other antibiotics. Wastewater facilities and turtle rehabilitation centres were associated with higher incidences of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) accounting for an average of 58% and 49% of resistant isolates, respectively. Furthermore, a relatively similar prevalence of MDRB was seen in all studied locations. These data suggest that anthropogenically driven selection pressures for the development of AR in sea turtles and marine environments are relatively similar worldwide. There is a need, however, to establish direct demonstrable associations between AR in sea turtles in their respective marine environments with wastewater facilities and other anthropogenic activities worldwide.

scholarly journals Ultrasensitive Label-Free Detection of Unamplified Multidrug-Resistance Bacteria Genes with a Bimodal Waveguide Interferometric Biosensor

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Jesús Maldonado ◽  
Ana Belén González-Guerrero ◽  
Adrián Fernández-Gavela ◽  
Juan José González-López ◽  
Laura M. Lechuga
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Encoding Gene

Infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria are becoming a major healthcare emergence with millions of reported cases every year and an increasing incidence of deaths. An advanced diagnostic platform able to directly detect and identify antimicrobial resistance in a faster way than conventional techniques could help in the adoption of early and accurate therapeutic interventions, limiting the actual negative impact on patient outcomes. With this objective, we have developed a new biosensor methodology using an ultrasensitive nanophotonic bimodal waveguide interferometer (BiMW), which allows a rapid and direct detection, without amplification, of two prevalent and clinically relevant Gram-negative antimicrobial resistance encoding sequences: the extended-spectrum betalactamase-encoding gene blaCTX-M-15 and the carbapenemase-encoding gene blaNDM-5 We demonstrate the extreme sensitivity and specificity of our biosensor methodology for the detection of both gene sequences. Our results show that the BiMW biosensor can be employed as an ultrasensitive (attomolar level) and specific diagnostic tool for rapidly (less than 30 min) identifying drug resistance. The BiMW nanobiosensor holds great promise as a powerful tool for the control and management of healthcare-associated infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Lytic Activity of Various Phage Cocktails on Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Ozkan ◽  
E Akturk ◽  
N Yeshenkulov ◽  
S Atmaca ◽  
N Rahmanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Lytic Activity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Phage Cocktail ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Bacterial Cytoplasm ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Purpose: A bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates within a bacterium following the injection of phage genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. They are seen as a possible therapy for multi-drug-resistant strains of many bacteria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the lytic activity of the Pyo, Intesti and Fersisi bacteriophage cocktails on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Methods: Ten different S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains, which were isolated from hospitalized patients in Turkey, were used in the study. The identification and antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates were performed using Vitec 2 system. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by a species-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. Lytic activity of the bacteriophage cocktails on bacteria was determined by spot test and plaque assay methods. Results: The lytic activity of the Pyo phage cocktail was evaluated on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains. It was found that eight isolates of MDR S. aureus were susceptible to Pyo phage cocktail and two isolates were resistant. Nine isolates of antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa were found to be susceptible to this phage cocktail and one isolate was resistant. Thus, the Pyo, Intesti and Fersisi cocktails are very effective in treating clinical strains of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolated in Turkey. Conclusion: The Pyo, Intesti and Fersisi cocktails may prove useful in the treatment of various infections caused by those bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibiotic and Disinfectant Resistance in Tap Water Strains – Insight into the Resistance of Environmental Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
AGATA SIEDLECKA ◽  
MIRELA WOLF-BACA ◽  
KATARZYNA PIEKARSKA
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Environmental Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Disinfectant ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Disinfectant Resistance

Although antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) have been isolated from tap water worldwide, the knowledge of their resistance patterns is still scarce. Both horizontal and vertical gene transfer has been suggested to contribute to the resistance spread among tap water bacteria. In this study, ARB were isolated from finished water collected at two independent water treatment plants (WTPs) and tap water collected at several point-of-use taps during summer and winter sampling campaigns. A total of 24 strains were identified to genus or species level and subjected to antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility testing. The investigated tap water ARB belonged to phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. The majority of the isolates proved multidrug resistant and resistant to chemical disinfectant. Neither seasonal nor WTP-dependent variabilities in antibiotic or disinfectant resistance were found. Antibiotics most effective against the investigated isolates included imipenem, tetracyclines, erythromycin, and least effective – aztreonam, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and ceftazidime. The most resistant strains originate from Afipia sp. and Methylobacterium sp. Comparing resistance patterns of isolated tap water ARB with literature reports concerning the same genera or species confirms intra-genus or even intra-specific variabilities of environmental bacteria. Neither species-specific nor acquired resistance can be excluded.

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