scholarly journals Cartilage Thickness and Bone Shape Variations as a Function of Sex, Height, Body Mass, and Age in Adult Knees.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tien-Yueh Schneider ◽  
Nynke Rooks ◽  
Thor Besier
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Femoral Shaft ◽  
Cartilage Thickness ◽  
Statistical Shape Model ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
And Cartilage

Abstract The functional relationship between bone and cartilage is modulated by mechanical factors. Scarce data exist on the relationship between bone shape and the spatial distribution of cartilage thickness. This study has three aims: first, to characterise the coupled variation in knee bone morphology and cartilage thickness distributions in knees with healthy cartilage. The second aim was to investigate this relationship as a function of sex, height, body mass, and age. The third aim was to characterise the morphological differences between males and females. MR images of 51 adult knees (28.4±4.1 years) were obtained from a previous study and used to train a statistical shape model of the femur, tibia, and patella and their cartilages. Five linear regression models were fitted to characterise morphology as a function of sex, height, body mass, and age. A logistic regression classifier was fitted to characterise morphological differences between males and females, and 10-fold cross-validation was performed to evaluate the models’ performance. Our results showed that cartilage thickness and its distribution was coupled to bone morphology, including both size (mode 1) and shape variations (mode 2 onwards). The first three shape modes captured over 90% of the variance and described the overall size, diaphysis size, femoral shaft angle, and corresponding changes to the spatial distribution of the cartilages. These modes were sex-linked (p < .0001, p < .05, p < .01, for modes 1, 2, and 3 respectively) and could classify sex with an accuracy of 94.1% (95% CI [83.8%, 98.8%]). Height was a predictor of joint size (p <. 0001) and diaphysis size (p < .05). Body mass was a predictor of joint size (p < .1) and femoral shaft angle (p < .1). Age was not correlated with any of the modes. This study demonstrated the coupled relationship between bone and cartilage, showing that cartilage is thicker with increased bone size, diaphysis size, and decreased femoral shaft angle. Our findings show that sexual dimorphism is strong in these first three modes, and that bone shape and cartilage thickness at the joint are strongly correlated with height but weakly correlated with mass.

Visualization of Cartilage from Knee Joint Magnetic Resonance Images and Quantitative Assessment to Study the Effect of Age, Gender and Body Mass Index (BMI) in Progressive Osteoarthritis (OA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-572
Author(s):  
Mallikarjunaswamy Shivagangadharaiah Matada ◽  
Mallikarjun Sayabanna Holi ◽  
Rajesh Raman ◽  
Sujana Theja Jayaramu Suvarna
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Cartilage Thickness ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Data Set

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of joint cartilage affecting the elderly people around the world. Visualization and quantification of cartilage is very much essential for the assessment of OA and rehabilitation of the affected people. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most widely used imaging modality in the treatment of knee joint diseases. But there are many challenges in proper visualization and quantification of articular cartilage using MRI. Volume rendering and 3D visualization can provide an overview of anatomy and disease condition of knee joint. In this work, cartilage is segmented from knee joint MRI, visualized in 3D using Volume of Interest (VOI) approach. Methods: Visualization of cartilage helps in the assessment of cartilage degradation in diseased knee joints. Cartilage thickness and volume were quantified using image processing techniques in OA affected knee joints. Statistical analysis is carried out on processed data set consisting of 110 of knee joints which include male (56) and female (54) of normal (22) and different stages of OA (88). The differences in thickness and volume of cartilage were observed in cartilage in groups based on age, gender and BMI in normal and progressive OA knee joints. Results: The results show that size and volume of cartilage are found to be significantly low in OA as compared to normal knee joints. The cartilage thickness and volume is significantly low for people with age 50 years and above and Body Mass Index (BMI) equal and greater than 25. Cartilage volume correlates with the progression of the disease and can be used for the evaluation of the response to therapies. Conclusion: The developed methods can be used as helping tool in the assessment of cartilage degradation in OA affected knee joint patients and treatment planning.

Effects of platelet-rich plasma on the clinical outcomes and cartilage thickness in patients with knee osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekin İlke Şen ◽  
Mustafa Aziz Yıldırım ◽  
Tuğba Yeşilyurt ◽  
Fatma Nur Kesiktaş ◽  
Demirhan Dıraçoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Cartilage Thickness ◽  
And Cartilage

scholarly journals Intraspecific ecomorphological variations in Poecilia reticulata (Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontiformes): comparing populations of distinct environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio T. Mise ◽  
Fagner de Souza ◽  
João P. A. Pagotto ◽  
Erivelto Goulart
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Current Availability ◽  
Environment Type ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Morphological Differences

ABSTRACT Morphological variations, according to the principles of ecomorphology, can be related to different aspects of the organism way of life, such as occupation of habitats and feeding behavior. The present study sought to examine the intraspecific variation in two populations of Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859, that occur in two types of environments, a lotic (Maringá Stream) and a lentic (Jaboti Lake). Due to a marked sexual dimorphism, males and females were analyzed separately. Thus, the proposed hypotheses were that the populations that occur in distinct environments present morphological differences. The morphological variables were obtained using morphometric measurements and the ecomorphological indexes. The data were summarized in a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (Manova) was made to verify significant differences in morphology between the populations. Males and females showed similar ecomorphological patterns according to the environment they occur. In general the population from Maringá Stream had fins with major areas, and the Jaboti Lake population eyes located more dorsally. Additionally, others morphological differences such as wider mouth of the males from Maringá Stream, wider heads on Jaboti Lake females and more protractible mouths on males from Jaboti Lake suggest a set of environmental variables that can possibly influence the ecomorphological patterns of the populations, as the water current, availability of food resources and predation. In summary, the initial hypotheses could be confirmed, evidencing the occurrence of distinct ecomorphotypes in the same species according to the environment type.

scholarly journals Age-Related Alterations in the Behavior and Serotonin-Related Gene mRNA Levels in the Brain of Males and Females of Short-Lived Turquoise Killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri)

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
Valentina S. Evsiukova ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kulikova ◽  
Alexander V. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Nothobranchius Furzeri ◽  
Males And Females

Short-lived turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) have become a popular model organism for neuroscience. In the present paper we study for the first time their behavior in the novel tank diving test and the levels of mRNA of various 5-HT-related genes in brains of 2-, 4- and 6-month-old males and females of N. furzeri. The marked effect of age on body mass, locomotor activity and the mRNA level of Tph1b, Tph2, Slc6a4b, Mao, Htr1aa, Htr2a, Htr3a, Htr3b, Htr4, Htr6 genes in the brains of N. furzeri males was shown. Locomotor activity and expression of the Mao gene increased, while expression of Tph1b, Tph2, Slc6a4b, Htr1aa, Htr2a, Htr3a, Htr3b, Htr4, Htr6 genes decreased in 6-month-old killifish. Significant effects of sex on body mass as well as on mRNA level of Tph1a, Tph1b, Tph2, Slc6a4b, Htr1aa, 5-HT2a, Htr3a, Htr3b, Htr4, and Htr6 genes were revealed: in general both the body mass and the expression of these genes were higher in males. N. furzeri is a suitable model with which to study the fundamental problems of age-related alterations in various mRNA levels related with the brains 5-HT system.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association study of sexual maturation in males and females highlights a role for body mass and menarche loci in male puberty

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 4452-4464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana L. Cousminer ◽  
Evangelia Stergiakouli ◽  
Diane J. Berry ◽  
Wei Ang ◽  
Maria M. Groen-Blokhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Male Puberty ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Males And Females

A Method to Compare Heterogeneous Types of Bone and Cartilage Meshes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nynke B. Rooks ◽  
Marco T. Y. Schneider ◽  
Ahmet Erdemir ◽  
Jason P. Halloran ◽  
Peter J. Laz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Mesh Topology ◽  
Function Fitting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nodal Density ◽  
And Cartilage

Abstract Accurately capturing the bone and cartilage morphology and generating a mesh remains a critical step in the workflow of computational knee joint modeling. Currently there is no standardized method to compare meshes of different element types and nodal densities, making comparisons across research teams a significant challenge. The aim of this paper is to describe a method to quantify differences in knee joint bone and cartilages meshes, independent of bone and cartilage mesh topology. Bone mesh-to-mesh distances, subchondral bone boundaries and cartilage thicknesses from meshes of any type of mesh are obtained using a series of steps involving registration, resampling, and radial basis function fitting after which the comparisons are performed. Subchondral bone boundaries and cartilage thicknesses are calculated and visualized in a common frame of reference for comparison. The established method is applied to models developed by five modeling teams. Our approach to obtain bone mesh-to-mesh distances decreased the divergence seen in selecting a reference mesh (i.e. comparing mesh A-to-B vs. mesh B-to-A). In general the bone morphology was similar across teams. The cartilage thicknesses for all models were calculated and the mean absolute cartilage thickness difference was presented, the articulating areas had the best agreement across teams. The teams showed disagreement on the subchondral bone boundaries. The method presented in this paper allows for objective comparisons of bone and cartilage geometry that is agnostic to mesh type and nodal density.

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