Adverse Neonatal Birth Outcomes Among Adolescent Pregnancies in Kampala, Uganda Between 2015 –2018

Abstract Background: Uganda has one of the highest adolescent pregnancy rates in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared the risk of adverse birth outcomes between adolescents (age 12-19 years) and older mothers (age 20-34 years) in four urban hospitals.Methods: Maternal demographics, HIV status, and birth outcomes of all live births, stillbirths, and spontaneous abortions delivered from August 2015 to December 2018 were extracted from a hospital-based birth defects surveillance database. Differences in the distributions of maternal and infant characteristics by maternal age groups were tested with Pearson’s chi-square. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression to compare the prevalence of adverse birth outcomes among adolescents to older mothers.Results: A total of 100,189 births were analyzed, with 11.1% among adolescent mothers and 89.0% among older mothers. Adolescent mothers had an increased risk of preterm delivery (aOR: 1.14; CI: 1.06-1.23), low birth weight (aOR: 1.46; CI: 1.34-1.59), and early neonatal deaths (aOR: 1.58; CI: 1.23-2.02). Newborns of adolescent mothers had an increased risk of major external birth defects (aOR: 1.33; CI: 1.02-1.76), specifically, gastroschisis (aOR: 3.20; CI: 1.12-9.13) compared to older mothers. The difference between the prevalence of gastroschisis among adolescent mothers (7.3 per 10,000 births; 95% CI: 3.7-14.3) was statistically significant when compared to older mothers (1.6 per 10,000 births; 95% CI: 0.9-2.6).Conclusions: This study found that adolescent mothers had an increased risk for several adverse birth outcomes compared to older mothers, similar to findings in the region and globally. Interventions are needed to improve birth outcomes in this vulnerable population.

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Adverse Neonatal Birth Outcomes Among Adolescent Pregnancies in Kampala, Uganda Between 2015 –2018

10.21203/rs.3.rs-74065/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Serunjogi ◽

Linda Barlow-Mosha ◽

Daniel Mumpe-Mwanja ◽

Dhelia Williamson ◽

Diana Valencia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Outcomes ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Birth Defects ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Chi Square ◽

Older Mothers ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Uganda has one of the highest adolescent pregnancy rates in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared the risk of adverse birth outcomes between adolescents (age 12-19 years) and older mothers (age 20-34 years) in four urban hospitals.Methods: Maternal demographics, HIV status, and birth outcomes of all live births, stillbirths, and spontaneous abortions delivered from August 2015 to December 2018 were extracted from a hospital-based birth defects surveillance database. Differences in the distributions of maternal and infant characteristics by maternal age groups were tested with Pearson’s chi-square. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression to compare the prevalence of adverse birth outcomes among adolescents to older mothers.Results: A total of 100,189 births were analyzed, with 11.1% among adolescent mothers and 89.0% among older mothers. A significantly higher proportion of HIV-infected adolescents were not initiated on antiretroviral therapy by the time of delivery compared to HIV-infected older mothers (8.8% vs 4.4%, p<0.001). Adolescent mothers had an increased risk of preterm delivery (aOR: 1.14; CI: 1.06-1.23), low birth weight (aOR: 1.46; CI: 1.34-1.59), and early neonatal deaths (aOR: 1.58; CI: 1.23-2.02). Newborns of adolescent mothers had an increased risk of major external birth defects (aOR: 1.33; CI: 1.02-1.76), specifically, gastroschisis (aOR: 3.20; CI: 1.12-9.13) compared to older mothers.Conclusions: This study found that adolescent mothers had an increased risk for several adverse birth outcomes compared to older mothers, similar to findings in the region and globally. Interventions are needed to improve birth outcomes in this vulnerable population.

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Comparative analysis of perinatal outcomes and birth defects amongst adolescent and older Ugandan mothers: evidence from a hospital-based surveillance database

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-021-01115-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert Serunjogi ◽

Linda Barlow-Mosha ◽

Daniel Mumpe-Mwanja ◽

Dhelia Williamson ◽

Diana Valencia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Outcomes ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Birth Defects ◽

Age Groups ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Chi Square ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Surveillance Database

Abstract Background Uganda has one of the highest adolescent pregnancy rates in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared the risk of adverse birth outcomes between adolescents (age 12–19 years) and mothers (age 20–34 years) in four urban hospitals. Methods Maternal demographics, HIV status, and birth outcomes of all live births, stillbirths, and spontaneous abortions delivered from August 2015 to December 2018 were extracted from a hospital-based birth defects surveillance database. Differences in the distributions of maternal and infant characteristics by maternal age groups were tested with Pearson’s chi-square. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression to compare the prevalence of adverse birth outcomes among adolescents to mothers 20–34 years. Results A total of 100,189 births were analyzed, with 11.1% among adolescent mothers and 89.0% among older mothers. Adolescent mothers had an increased risk of preterm delivery (aOR: 1.14; CI 1.06–1.23), low birth weight (aOR: 1.46; CI 1.34–1.59), and early neonatal deaths (aOR: 1.58; CI 1.23–2.02). Newborns of adolescent mothers had an increased risk of major external birth defects (aOR: 1.33; CI 1.02–1.76), specifically, gastroschisis (aOR: 3.20; CI 1.12–9.13) compared to mothers 20–34 years. The difference between the prevalence of gastroschisis among adolescent mothers (7.3 per 10,000 births; 95% CI 3.7–14.3) was statistically significant when compared to mothers 20–34 years (1.6 per 10,000 births; 95% CI 0.9–2.6). Conclusions This study found that adolescent mothers had an increased risk for several adverse birth outcomes compared to mothers 20–34 years, similar to findings in the region and globally. Interventions are needed to improve birth outcomes in this vulnerable population.

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Comparative analysis of perinatal outcomes and birth defects amongst adolescent and older Ugandan mothers: Evidence from a hospital-based surveillance database

10.21203/rs.3.rs-92844/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Serunjogi ◽

Linda Barlow-Mosha ◽

Daniel Mumpe-Mwanja ◽

Dhelia Williamson ◽

Diana Valencia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Outcomes ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Birth Defects ◽

Age Groups ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Chi Square ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Surveillance Database

Abstract Background: Uganda has one of the highest adolescent pregnancy rates in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared the risk of adverse birth outcomes between adolescents (age 12-19 years) and mothers (age 20-34 years) in four urban hospitals.Methods: Maternal demographics, HIV status, and birth outcomes of all live births, stillbirths, and spontaneous abortions delivered from August 2015 to December 2018 were extracted from a hospital-based birth defects surveillance database. Differences in the distributions of maternal and infant characteristics by maternal age groups were tested with Pearson’s chi-square. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression to compare the prevalence of adverse birth outcomes among adolescents to mothers 20-34 years.Results: A total of 100,189 births were analyzed, with 11.1% among adolescent mothers and 89.0% among older mothers. Adolescent mothers had an increased risk of preterm delivery (aOR: 1.14; CI: 1.06-1.23), low birth weight (aOR: 1.46; CI: 1.34-1.59), and early neonatal deaths (aOR: 1.58; CI: 1.23-2.02). Newborns of adolescent mothers had an increased risk of major external birth defects (aOR: 1.33; CI: 1.02-1.76), specifically, gastroschisis (aOR: 3.20; CI: 1.12-9.13) compared to mothers 20-34 years. The difference between the prevalence of gastroschisis among adolescent mothers (7.3 per 10,000 births; 95% CI: 3.7-14.3) was statistically significant when compared to mothers 20-34 years (1.6 per 10,000 births; 95% CI: 0.9-2.6).Conclusions: This study found that adolescent mothers had an increased risk for several adverse birth outcomes compared to mothers 20-34 years, similar to findings in the region and globally. Interventions are needed to improve birth outcomes in this vulnerable population.

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Adolescent mothers and older mothers: Who is at higher risk for adverse birth outcomes?

Public Health ◽

10.1016/j.puhe.2012.08.014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 126 (12) ◽

pp. 1038-1043 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S.-C. Wang ◽

L. Wang ◽

M.-C. Lee

Keyword(s):

Birth Outcomes ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Older Mothers

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Risk of pre-term births and major birth defects resulting from paternal intake of COVID-19 medications prior to conception

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-020-05358-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Silvia Rizzi ◽

Maarten J. Wensink ◽

Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen ◽

Lu Tian ◽

Ying Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Birth Defects ◽

Sperm Quality ◽

The Other ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Term Birth ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Term Births

Abstract Objective With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, large numbers of people will receive one of the several medications proposed to treat COVID-19, including patients of reproductive age. Given that some medications have shown adverse effects on sperm quality, there might be a transgenerational concern. We aim at examining the association between drugs proposed to treat COVID-19 when taken by the father around conception and any pre-term birth or major birth defects in offspring in a nation-wide cohort study using Danish registry data. Offspring whose father filled at least one prescription of the following medications in the 3 months preceding conception were considered exposed: chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, losartan, azithromycin, naproxen, dexamethasone and prednisone. Results For azithromycin and naproxen, large numbers of offspring were exposed (> 1800 offspring), and we found no association with adverse birth outcomes. For chloroquine, losartan and dexamethasone, exposure was intermediate (~ 900 offspring), and there was no statistically significant association with birth defects. For hydroxychloroquine and prednisone, exposure was limited (< 300 offspring). Our evidence suggests that azithromycin and naproxen are safe with respect to pre-term birth and birth defects. For the other drugs investigated larger exposures are needed for conclusive statements.

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COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND ADULT MOTHERS TREATED IN A PUBLIC HOSPITAL, THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA: A RETROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine ◽

10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.3/art.448 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 140-146

Author(s):

Siti Khuzaimah Ahmad Sharoni ◽

Alieu Sekou Konneh

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Pregnancy Complications ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The Republic ◽

Retrospective Comparative Study

Complications of pregnancy remain a serious threat in Sub-Saharan Africa despite efforts to minimise maternal mortality due to pregnancy complications, and achieve the Millennium Development Goal 5. This is a retrospective study to determine the most common pregnancy complications among adolescents compared to adults treated in a public hospital from 2015 to 2018. The researcher applied a convenience sampling method in selecting the medical records. The instrument used was adapted from previous studies and data were analysed with descriptive and chi-square test for the inferential statistics. A total of 1,265 patients met the eligibility criteria and 540 (42.7%) were adolescents. Low birth weight (n=478, 88.5%) and preterm delivery (n=496, 91.9%) were common among babies born to adolescent mothers. Pregnancy-related complications among adolescent mothers showing the prevalence of anaemia, hypertension, and malaria were 494 (84.9%), 149 (56.2%) and 193 (62.1%) respectively. Gestational diabetes was found to be high among adult mothers (n=98, 74.8%). Among adolescent mothers, the prevalence of eclampsia was 62 (78.5%) and hemorrhage 61 (53.0%). The prevalence of Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was high among adolescent mothers (n=252, 80.5%). Comprehensive strategies are needed to keep girls in schools and to raise awareness and develop campaigns about using contraception properly to reduce the incidence of adolescent pregnancy as well as to minimise the incidence of pregnancy-related complications.

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Paternal age and the risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery: a Finnish register-based study

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2017-210170 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (12) ◽

pp. 1104-1109 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alice Goisis ◽

Hanna Remes ◽

Kieron Barclay ◽

Pekka Martikainen ◽

Mikko Myrskylä

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Paternal Age ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Maternal Characteristics ◽

Parental Characteristics ◽

Increased Risk

BackgroundBased on existing studies, there is no conclusive evidence as to whether and why paternal age matters for birth outcomes.MethodsWe used Finnish population registers on 106 652 children born 1987–2000. We first document the unadjusted association between paternal age and the risk of low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g) and preterm birth (<37 weeks’ gestation). Second, we investigate whether the unadjusted association is attenuated on adjustment for child’s, maternal and parental socioeconomic characteristics. Third, by adopting a within-family design which involves comparing children born to the same father at different ages, we additionally adjust for unobserved parental characteristics shared between siblings.ResultsThe unadjusted results show that being born to a father aged 40+, as opposed to a father aged 30–34, is associated with an increased risk of LBW of 0.96% (95% CI 0.5% to 1.3%) and to a younger father (<25) with a 1% (95% CI 0.6% to 1.3%) increased risk. The increased risk at younger paternal ages is halved on adjustment for the child’s characteristics and fully attenuated on adjustment for child/parental characteristics. The increased risk at paternal ages 40+ is partially attenuated on adjustment for maternal characteristics (β=0.62%; 95% CI 0.13% to 1.1%). Adjustment for unobserved parental characteristics shared by siblings further attenuates the 40+ coefficient (β=0.4%; 95% CI −0.5% to −1.2%). Results for preterm delivery are similar.ConclusionsThe results underscore the importance of considering paternal age as a potential risk factor for adverse birth outcomes and of expanding research on its role and the mechanisms linking it to birth outcomes.

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The association between household socio-economic status, maternal socio-demographic characteristics and adverse birth and infant growth outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174419000680 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 317-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christian Bwangandu Ngandu ◽

Douglas Momberg ◽

Ansuyah Magan ◽

Lumbwe Chola ◽

Shane A. Norris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Outcomes ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Economic Status ◽

Infant Growth ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Sub Saharan

AbstractAdverse birth outcomes and infant undernutrition remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Impaired infant growth and development, which often begins during foetal development, may persist during the first 2 years of life and has been associated with higher risks of cardiometabolic diseases. This systematic review assessed the associations between maternal demographic characteristics and household socio-economic status (SES), and preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age, low birth weight (LBW), stunting, wasting and underweight in children under 2 years of age in SSA countries. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched for publications in three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect). Eleven studies on children under 2 years of age, in four SSA regions, published in English between 1990 and 2018, were included. All the studies were observational in design (cross-sectional or cohort studies). Maternal education was the most commonly explored exposure. Most studies (63.3%) focused on undernutrition during the first 2 years of life: LBW, PTB and stunting. Lower maternal education, maternal unemployment and lower household wealth index were the SES factors most commonly associated with adverse birth outcomes and infant undernutrition. Maternal marital status was not associated with any infant outcomes. The definitions of the SES varied, which may explain discrepancies between studies. Nutrition intervention programs in SSA need to promote education and poverty alleviation in women at reproductive age, starting from pre-pregnancy, to optimise infant growth and development and prevent the increase in the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases.

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Blood pressure trajectories during pregnancy and associations with adverse birth outcomes among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in South Africa: a group-based trajectory modelling approach

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-020-03411-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thokozile R. Malaba ◽

◽

Annibale Cois ◽

Hlengiwe P. Madlala ◽

Mushi Matjila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Care Facility ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Trajectory Group ◽

The Relationship ◽

Trajectory Modelling

Abstract Background High blood pressure (BP) late in pregnancy is associated with preterm delivery (PTD); BP has also been associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART), but whether the relationship between BP assessed longitudinally over pregnancy and PTD and low birthweight (LBW) is modified by HIV/ART is unclear. We hypothesise the presence of distinctive BP trajectories and their association with adverse birth outcomes may be mediated by HIV/ART status. Methods We recruited pregnant women at a large primary care facility in Cape Town. BP was measured throughout pregnancy using automated monitors. Group-based trajectory modelling in women with ≥3 BP measurements identified distinct joint systolic and diastolic BP trajectory groups. Multinomial regression assessed BP trajectory group associations with HIV/ART status, and Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to assess risk of PTD and LBW. Results Of the 1583 women in this analysis, 37% were HIV-infected. Seven joint trajectory group combinations were identified, which were categorised as normal (50%), low normal (25%), high normal (20%), and abnormal (5%). A higher proportion of women in the low normal group were HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected (28% vs. 23%), however differences were not statistically significant (RR 1.27, 95% CI 0.98–1.63, reference category: normal). In multivariable analyses, low normal trajectory (aRR0.59, 0.41–0.85) was associated with decreased risk of PTD, while high normal (aRR1.48, 1.12–1.95) and abnormal trajectories (aRR3.18, 2.32–4.37) were associated with increased risk of PTD, and abnormal with increased risk of LBW (RR2.81, 1.90–4.15). Conclusions While HIV/ART did not appear to mediate the BP trajectories and adverse birth outcomes association, they did provide more detailed insights into the relationship between BP, PTD and LBW for HIV-infected and uninfected women.

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