Assessment of factors associated with Tobacco smoking among patients with pulmonary TB attending health facilities in Rwanda: A case control study

Abstract IntroductionThe World Health Organization reported that one third of global population was tobacco smoker. In countries with a high tuberculosis burden, a big proportion was attributed to tobacco smoking. In the general population of Rwanda, the prevalence of tobacco smoking was higher among males (14%) compared to females (3%). We conducted a second analysis to assess factor associated with tobacco smoking among patient with TB attending Health Facilities.MethodologyA retrospective case-control study in Centres of Diagnosis and Treatment of tuberculosis (CDT). Cases were patients with bacteriological TB confirmation; controls were persons with signs and symptoms without TB confirmation. Proportions and logistic regression were used in data analysis.ResultsThe total number of tobacco smokers was 680. Among tobacco smokers, 88.1% tobacco smokers were males, 94.3% tobacco smokers had at least 25 years old and 64.6% were living in union. By education, 84.9% tobacco smokers were illiterate or attained primary school. Almost all tobacco smokers (97.0%) ever drunk alcohol while 67.9% used illicit drugs and 25.3% had low BMI (≤ 18.5) with increased proportion among cases (29.1%). A proportion of 38.3% in tobacco smokers had history of imprisonment. In multivariable logistic regression data analysis, males compared to females (aOR = 3.49[95%CI:1.76–6.94]), ever drunk alcohol compared to never drank alcohol (aOR = 6.39[95%CI:2.67–15.31]) and ever used illicit drugs compared to never used illicit drugs (aOR = 9.89[95%CI:3.87–25.25]) were associated with high odds of tobacco smoking. In addition, illiterate people or people who attained only primary school education level compared to people having primary education level and above (aOR = 0.39[95%CI:0.23–0.69]) were associated with low odds of tobacco smoking.ConclusionTobacco smoking is common in pulmonary TB patients. Males were more likely using tobacco smoking compared to females. Alcohol drinkers and illicit drug users were associated to tobacco smoking. A campaign on tobacco cessation, focusing on males, should be conducted in the general population starting by people on TB treatment.

Download Full-text

Predictors of smear non-conversion among new-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis: a single center case-control study in Indonesia

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.oa.204216 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 410-6

Author(s):

Arulita Ika Fibriana ◽

Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim ◽

Akhriyah Atsna Setiana ◽

Mahalul Azam ◽

Avissena Dutha Pratama

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Group ◽

Housing Density ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

New Treatment ◽

Control Study

BACKGROUND Previous studies concluded predictors of smear non-conversion pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) globally as well as in Indonesia. However, there is a limited data in hospital setting. This study aimed to explore predictors of smear non-conversion pulmonary TB in hospital setting. METHODS A case-control study was conducted to explore predictors of smear nonconversion among new-treatment pulmonary TB in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital from 2017 to 2019. Number of cases and controls have been determined consecutively. Data were collected from secondary data accessed in medical records and directly from subjects. Non-conversion status in the case group was defined as a persistent sputum smear-positive after 2 months of intensive phase of treatment. The subjects’ characteristics i.e., age, sex, BMI, education level, occupational status, and predictors of smear non-conversion, i.e., patient’s compliance, smoking status, alcohol consumption, presence of drugs side effects, health care access, first acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear grading, diabetes mellitus (DM), housing condition, housing density, and household income were observed. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used. RESULTS 35 subjects were determined in the case group while 76 subjects were the control group and involved in the final analysis. Age, sex, first AFB smear grading, smoking status, housing condition, housing density, and DM were involved in the model of logistic regression. DM (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.19–10.00) and first AFB smear grading (OR = 11.2; 95% CI = 3.86–33.00) were concluded as the predictors of smear nonconversion. CONCLUSIONS DM and first AFB smear grading were the predictors of smear nonconversion among new-treatment pulmonary TB subjects.

Download Full-text

Risk factors for syphilis in women: case-control study

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051007066 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Vilma Costa de Macêdo ◽

Pedro Israel Cabral de Lira ◽

Paulo Germano de Frias ◽

Luciana Maria Delgado Romaguera ◽

Silvana De Fátima Ferreira Caires ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Previous History ◽

Case Control ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Determinant Factors ◽

Maternity Hospitals ◽

Control Study

OBJECTIVE To determine the sociodemographic, behavioral, and health care factors related to the occurrence of syphilis in women treated at public maternity hospitals. METHODS This is a case-control study (239 cases and 322 controls) with women admitted to seven maternity hospitals in the municipality of Recife, Brazil, from July 2013 to July 2014. Eligible women were recruited after the result of the VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) under any titration. The selection of cases and controls was based on the result of the serology for syphilis using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The independent variables were grouped into: sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical and obstetric history, and health care in prenatal care and maternity hospital. Information was obtained by interview, during hospitalization, with the application of a questionnaire. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression to identify the predicting factors of the variable to be explained. RESULTS The logistic regression analysis identified as determinant factors for gestational syphilis: education level of incomplete basic education or illiterate (OR = 2.02), lack of access to telephone (OR = 2.4), catholic religion (OR = 1.70 ), four or more pregnancies (OR = 2.2), three or more sexual partners in the last year (OR = 3.1), use of illicit drugs before the age of 18 (OR = 3.0), and use of illicit drugs by the current partner (OR = 1.7). Only one to three prenatal appointments (OR = 3.5) and a previous history of sexually transmitted infection (OR = 9.7) were also identified as determinant factors. CONCLUSIONS Sociodemographic, behavioral, and health care factors are associated with the occurrence of syphilis in women and should be taken into account in the elaboration of universal strategies aimed at the prevention and control of syphilis, but with a focus on situations of greater vulnerability.

Download Full-text

Risk factors associated with subacromial pain in young athletes: A case control study

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation ◽

10.3233/bmr-191683 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Zoran Z. Sarcevic ◽

Andreja P. Tepavcevic

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Sternoclavicular Joint ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Young Athletes ◽

Serratus Anterior ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lower Trapezius ◽

Control Study

BACKGROUND: Subacromial pain (SAP) is a common complaint of young athletes, independently of the sport engaged. The prevalence of SAP in some sports is up to 50%. OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to investigate some new factors possibly associated to subacromial pain in young athletes. The factors considered were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. METHODS: This case-control study included 82 young athletes 9–15 years, 41 with the symptoms of SAP and 41 controls. All participants self-reported whether they had subacromial pain. In addition, Hawkins–Kennedy Test was performed to all the participants to evaluate the subacromial pressure. Main outcome measures were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. The grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint were measured with an inclinometer. Serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength were measured by a handheld dynamometer with external belt-fixation. The data were analyzed using t-test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney U test, contingency coefficients and a stepwise binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Significant statistical difference was observed in the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and in the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint, between the cases and the controls. There was no significant difference in serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength between the cases and the controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint and the grade of shortening of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major were good predictors for presence of SAP. CONCLUSIONS: A strong association was determined between subacromial pain in young athletes, clavicular portion of pectoralis major tightness and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint.

Download Full-text

Association between insulin resistance and left ventricular hypertrophy in asymptomatic, Black, sub-Saharan African, hypertensive patients: a case–control study

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-020-01829-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bernard Kianu Phanzu ◽

Aliocha Nkodila Natuhoyila ◽

Eleuthère Kintoki Vita ◽

Jean-René M’Buyamba Kabangu ◽

Benjamin Longo-Mbenza

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Conflicting information exists regarding the association between insulin resistance (IR) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We described the associations between obesity, fasting insulinemia, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and LVH in Black patients with essential hypertension. Methods A case–control study was conducted at the Centre Médical de Kinshasa (CMK), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between January and December 2019. Cases and controls were hypertensive patients with and without LVH, respectively. The relationships between obesity indices, physical inactivity, glucose metabolism and lipid disorder parameters, and LVH were assessed using linear and logistic regression analyses in simple and univariate exploratory analyses, respectively. When differences were observed between LVH and independent variables, the effects of potential confounders were studied through the use of multiple linear regression and in conditional logistic regression in multivariate analyses. The coefficients of determination (R2), adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to determine associations between LVH and the independent variables. Results Eighty-eight LVH cases (52 men) were compared against 132 controls (81 men). Variation in left ventricular mass (LVM) could be predicted by the following variables: age (19%), duration of hypertension (31.3%), body mass index (BMI, 44.4%), waist circumference (WC, 42.5%), glycemia (20%), insulinemia (44.8%), and HOMA-IR (43.7%). Hypertension duration, BMI, insulinemia, and HOMA-IR explained 68.3% of LVM variability in the multiple linear regression analysis. In the logistic regression model, obesity increased the risk of LVH by threefold [aOR 2.8; 95% CI (1.06–7.4); p = 0.038], and IR increased the risk of LVH by eightfold [aOR 8.4; 95 (3.7–15.7); p < 0.001]. Conclusion Obesity and IR appear to be the primary predictors of LVH in Black sub-Saharan African hypertensive patients. The comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors should be emphasized, with particular attention paid to obesity and IR. A prospective population-based study of Black sub-Saharan individuals that includes the use of serial imaging remains essential to better understand subclinical LV deterioration over time and to confirm the role played by IR in Black sub-Saharan individuals with hypertension.

Download Full-text

The joint effect of asbestos exposure, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking on laryngeal cancer risk: evidence from the French population-based case–control study, ICARE

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2015-102954 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Gwenn Menvielle ◽

Aurore Fayossé ◽

Loredana Radoï ◽

Florence Guida ◽

Marie Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Risk ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Alcohol Drinking ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Asbestos Exposure ◽

Joint Effect ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

French Population ◽

Control Study

Download Full-text

Risk factors and outcomes of postoperative emergency response team activation: a matched case-control study

Critical Care and Resuscitation ◽

10.51893/2020.1.oa1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 6-14

Author(s):

Matthew I Hardman ◽

◽

S Chandralekha Kruthiventi ◽

Michelle R Schmugge ◽

Alexandre N Cavalcante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Postoperative Complications ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Response Team ◽

Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine patient and perioperative characteristics associated with unexpected postoperative clinical deterioration as determined for the need of a postoperative emergency response team (ERT) activation. DESIGN: Retrospective case–control study. SETTING: Tertiary academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who underwent general anaesthesia discharged to regular wards between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 and required ERT activation within 48 postoperative hours. Controls were matched based on age, sex and procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline patient and perioperative characteristics were abstracted to develop a multiple logistic regression model to assess for potential associations for increased risk for postoperative ERT. RESULTS: Among 105 345 patients, 797 had ERT calls, with a rate of 7.6 (95% CI, 7.1–8.1) calls per 1000 anaesthetics (0.76%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the following risk factors for postoperative ERT: cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.18–2.18), neurological disease (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11–2.22), preoperative gabapentin (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.17–2.20), longer surgical duration (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11, per 30 min), emergency procedure (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09–2.18), and intraoperative use of colloids (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17–1.92). Compared with control participants, ERT patients had a longer hospital stay, a higher rate of admissions to critical care (55.5%), increased postoperative complications, and a higher 30-day mortality rate (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.73–6.54). CONCLUSION: We identified several patient and procedural characteristics associated with increased likelihood of postoperative ERT activation. ERT intervention is a marker for increased rates of postoperative complications and death.

Download Full-text