Remediation of pear iron chlorosis by nanocellulose-iron chelation and mechanisms

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.21203/rs.3.rs-934187/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hezhong Wang

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Charge Density ◽

Iron Content ◽

Density Ratio ◽

Iron Chlorosis ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽

Adsorptive Property ◽

Physiological Indicators ◽

Active Iron ◽

Ferritin Gene

Abstract Background: Nanocrystal cellulose has a strong ability to chelate iron and the nanocomposite possesses strong adsorptive property. Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is a mineral disorder that weakens pear photosynthesis and cause a significant decline in plant yield and quality. Conventional methods to control IDC are generally due to low efficiency and overuse of chemicals. The purpose of this study was to explore the capability of nanocellulose (NC)-Fe chelate to remediate pear IDC. Acidic hydrolyzed NCs were chelated with Fe (NCFe) based on the net charge density of the components. Foliar application of NCFe was employed to pre-etiolated seedlings of Pyrus betulifolia as a plant material. The ability of NCFe to promote active iron content (CFe), photosynthesis rate, and relative gene expression was studied. Results: Nanocrystal cellulose prepared by acidic hydrolysis exhibit rod-like whiskers carrying on negative charges. When NCs were mixed with FeSO4, the NCFe particles maintained a small, whisker-like morphology with small dots (Fe) on the surface of the NC particles. The Z-average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the NC whiskers measured by DLS were 84.3 ± 0.2 nm and -47.3 ± 1.7 mV, respectively. The particle size and zeta potential of NCFe were 107.4±3.0 nm and -9.7±0.4 mV, respectively. The results showed that NCFe could significantly mitigate IDC in seedlings by increasing CFe, photosynthesis parameters, major physiological indicators, and regulating the expression of key enzymes. When NCFe was prepared at a NC-to-Fe charge density ratio of 1:3,000, CFe and chlorophyll contents were enhanced by approximately 9 times and 72.7%, respectively; the major physiological indicators were all significantly increased. Interestingly, NCFe treatment significantly downregulated the expression of the pectin methylesterase gene (PbPME) and upregulated the expression of the ferritin gene (PbFER) to increase CFe.Conclusion: NCs have strong potential to promote plant photosynthesis when chelated with Fe. The remediation capability of NCFe to IDC is attributed to the enhancement of photosynthesis parameters and indicators. NCFe treatment significantly downregulated the expression of the PME gene (PbPME) and upregulated the expression of the ferritin gene (PbFER) to increase the active iron content. This finding will provide a good alternative and a complementary strategy for Fe-chelate applications in plant iron chlorosis management.

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Effect of integrated nitrogen management and foliar spray of iron on groundnut yield, quality and economics in arid region

Journal of Environmental Biology ◽

10.22438/jeb/41/6/si-258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 1703-1709

Author(s):

N.K. Pareek ◽

◽

B.L. Poonia ◽

R.K. Sharma ◽

R.P. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Iron Content ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Oil Content ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Iron Chlorosis ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Active Iron

Aim: This experiment was conducted to find out appropriate technical intervention for integrated management of nitrogen and iron chlorosis in irrigated groundnut in arid regions. Methodology: Two levels of farmyard manure, five levels of nitrogen and three levels of iron spray were applied in irrigated groundnut. Chlorophyll content, active iron content, periodic dry matter accumulation, oil content and yield, protein content and nutrient uptake by groundnut were studied. Most effective level of farmyard manure, nitrogen application and iron spray were identified for optimum management of the resources.? Results: The results showed that application of farmyard manure @ 15 t ha-1, nitrogen @ 60 kg ha-1 in two or three splits and foliar spray of FeSO4 @ 1.0 % in combination with citric acid @ 0.1% was found supportive in correcting iron chlorosis by increasing chlorophyll and active iron content, improving oil content and yield, protein content and nutrient uptake and ultimately enhancing net return by groundnut under irrigated conditions. Interpretation: Farmyard manure, higher dose of nitrogen in split application and foliar spray of iron is helpful in correcting iron chlorosis, improving growth, quality and nutrient uptake and increasing income of groundnut growers under irrigated condition in arid regions.

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Hydrodynamic Diameter and Zeta Potential of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Emphasizing some Parameters for Correct Measurements

Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ◽

10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126610 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 126610

Author(s):

Aldemar Gordillo-Galeano ◽

Claudia Elizabeth Mora-Huertas

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter

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Investigation of the Behavior and Mechanism of Action of Ether-Based Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers Absorption on Large Bibulous Stone Powder

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14112736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 2736

Author(s):

Zuiliang Deng ◽

Guimin Lu ◽

Lefeng Fu ◽

Weishan Wang ◽

Baicun Zheng

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Pore Volume ◽

High Water ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽

Coarse Aggregates ◽

Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer

The aim of this paper is to study the adsorption behavior of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCE) on coarse aggregates with a property of high water consumption (above 2%). The coarse aggregates were ground into a powder to create large bibulous stone powder, and it was observed that significant amounts of the ether-based PCE were absorbed onto large bibulous stone powder. The adsorption rate immediately reached a maximum after 5 min and then gradually decreased until an equilibrium absorption was established after 30 min. Zeta potential, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements confirmed that the polycarboxylate superplasticizer adsorbed on the surface of the stone powder. Hydrodynamic diameter measurements showed that the polycarboxylate superplasticizer molecules were smaller than pore size, and the surface area and pore volume were reduced by the polymer incorporation in the pores.

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The effects of electrolyte concentration, ion species and pH on the zeta potential and electrokinetic charge density of montmorillonite

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/0009855064140224 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 853-861 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

E. E. Saka ◽

C. Güler

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Charge Density ◽

Negative Charge ◽

Electrolyte Concentration ◽

Great Influence ◽

Electrolyte Solutions ◽

Ionic Species ◽

Positive Sign ◽

Ion Species ◽

Influence Of Ph

AbstractIn this study, the influence of pH, electrolyte concentration and type of ionic species (such as LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, CaCl2, AlCl3) on the electrokinetic properties (zeta potential and electrokinetic charge density) of montmorillonite has been quantified. The zeta potential of montmorillonite particles did not change significantly with change in pH. The valencies of the ions have proven to have a great influence on the electrokinetic behaviour of the suspension. There is a gradual decrease in the zeta potential (from —24 mV to —12 mV) with increase in monovalent electrolyte concentration (from 10-4 M to 10-1 M). At any monovalent electrolyte concentration, the magnitude of the zeta potential increased with the electrolytes in the order Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+. The zeta potential of the montmorillonite minerals in CaCl2 solutions illustrated the same behaviour as the monovalent cations. Less negative values were obtained for the CaCl2 electrolyte (∼–10 mV) due to the greater valence of the ions. A sign reversal was observed at an AlCl3 concentration of 5 x 10-4 M, and, at greater concentrations, zeta potential values had a positive sign (∼20 mV).The electrokinetic charge density of montmorillonite showed similar trends of variation in mono and divalent electrolyte solutions. Up to concentrations of ∼10-3 M, it remained practically constant at ∼0.5 x 10-3Cm-2, while for greater electrolyte concentrations the negative charge produced more negative values (–16 x 10-3Cm-2). The electrokinetic charge density of montmorillonite particles was constant at low AlCl3 concentrations, but at certain concentrations it increased rapidly and changed sign to positive.

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Formulation, Physical and Chemical Stability of Ocimum gratissimum L. Leaf Oil Nanoemulsion

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.901.117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 901 ◽

pp. 117-122

Author(s):

Netnapa Ontao ◽

Sirivan Athikomkulchai ◽

Sarin Tadtong ◽

Phuriwat Leesawat ◽

Chuda Chittasupho

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Chemical Stability ◽

Polydispersity Index ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽

Potential Value ◽

Yellow Color ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

The Stability ◽

Physical And Chemical

Ocimum gratissimum L. leaf oil exhibited many pharmacological properties. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical and chemical stability of O.gratissimum leaf oil nanoemulsion. O.gratissimum leaf oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. The major component of the essential oil eugenol, was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Nanoemulsions of O.gratissimum leaf oil were formulated using polysorbate 80, hyaluronic acid, poloxamer 188, and deionized water by phase inversion composition method. The hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index, and zeta potential value of O.gratissimum leaf oil nanoemulsion was evaluated by a dynamic light scattering technique. The %remaining of eugenol in the nanoemulsion was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The essential oil extracted from of O. gratissimum leaf oil was a clear, pale yellow color. The %yield of the essential oil was 0.15 ± 0.03% v/w. The size of the nanoemulsion was less than 106 nm. The polydispersity index of the nanoemulsion was ranging from 0.303 - 0.586 and the zeta potential value of the nanoemulsion was closely to zero, depending on the formulation component. O. gratissimum leaf oil at concentrations ranging from 0.002 - 0.012% v/v contained 35 - 41% of eugenol. The size of nanoemulsion was significantly decreased after storage at 4 °C, while significantly increased upon storage at 45 °C. The size of nanoemulsion stored at 30 °C did not significantly change. The %remaining of eugenol in the nanoemulsion was more than 90% after storage at 4 °C and 30 °C for 28 days. The percentage of eugenol remaining in the nanoemulsion stored at 45 °C was more than 85 - 90%, suggesting that the temperature affected the stability of eugenol in the nanoemulsion.

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Explicit Thickness Formulae for the Potential, Field and Charge Density of a Planar Electric Double Layer at High Zeta Potential.

MEMBRANE ◽

10.5360/membrane.24.174 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 174-181

Author(s):

Toshiaki Osuga

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Charge Density ◽

Double Layer ◽

Potential Field ◽

Electric Double Layer

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Comparison of atomic force microscopy and zeta potential derived surface charge density

EPL (Europhysics Letters) ◽

10.1209/0295-5075/130/36001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 130 (3) ◽

pp. 36001

Author(s):

M. Herzberg ◽

S. Dobberschütz ◽

D. Okhrimenko ◽

N. E. Bovet ◽

M. P. Andersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Charge Density ◽

Surface Charge ◽

Surface Charge Density ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force

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The Preparation and Characteristics on Chitosan Nano-Carrier with Different Concentration of TPP

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.242 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 197-198 ◽

pp. 242-245

Author(s):

Chih Wei Chou ◽

Hui Hsuan Hsieh ◽

Te Hsing Wu

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Charge Density ◽

Electron Micrographs ◽

Strong Interaction ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Zeta Potentials ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Polyelectrolyte Complexation ◽

Polymer Ratio

In this Study, the Tripolyphosphate-Chitosan (TPP-CS) Nano-Carrier was Prepared by Polyelectrolyte Complexation. TPP and CKGM are Polyanion, and can Interact with Cationic Chitosan by Electrostatic Forces. the Nanoparticles Size was Analyzed by the Transmission Electron Micrographs (TEM) and Scattering Electron Micrographs (SEM). FTIR Confirmed Tripolyphosphoric Groups of TPP and CKGM Linked with Ammonium Groups of Chitosan in the Nanoparticles. the CS Nps were Loaded with the Anticancer Drug, Berberine, by Different Concentration of Cross-Linking Agent. the Zeta Potentials of CKGM and CS were Shown as a Function of Ph. it was Observed that CS has Strong Interaction with CKGM about Ph 5.5. the CKGM-CS Nanoparticles were Formed by Mixed Different Weight Ratio of CS and CKGM. the Morphology of CKGM-CS was Characterized by FESEM. the Size of CKGM-CS Particles was Smaller than 150 Nm. the Zeta Potential of CKGM-CS Particles was Proved that the Polymer Ratio can Control the Charge Density.

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