Formulation, Physical and Chemical Stability of Ocimum gratissimum L. Leaf Oil Nanoemulsion

Ocimum gratissimum L. leaf oil exhibited many pharmacological properties. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical and chemical stability of O.gratissimum leaf oil nanoemulsion. O.gratissimum leaf oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. The major component of the essential oil eugenol, was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Nanoemulsions of O.gratissimum leaf oil were formulated using polysorbate 80, hyaluronic acid, poloxamer 188, and deionized water by phase inversion composition method. The hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index, and zeta potential value of O.gratissimum leaf oil nanoemulsion was evaluated by a dynamic light scattering technique. The %remaining of eugenol in the nanoemulsion was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The essential oil extracted from of O. gratissimum leaf oil was a clear, pale yellow color. The %yield of the essential oil was 0.15 ± 0.03% v/w. The size of the nanoemulsion was less than 106 nm. The polydispersity index of the nanoemulsion was ranging from 0.303 - 0.586 and the zeta potential value of the nanoemulsion was closely to zero, depending on the formulation component. O. gratissimum leaf oil at concentrations ranging from 0.002 - 0.012% v/v contained 35 - 41% of eugenol. The size of nanoemulsion was significantly decreased after storage at 4 °C, while significantly increased upon storage at 45 °C. The size of nanoemulsion stored at 30 °C did not significantly change. The %remaining of eugenol in the nanoemulsion was more than 90% after storage at 4 °C and 30 °C for 28 days. The percentage of eugenol remaining in the nanoemulsion stored at 45 °C was more than 85 - 90%, suggesting that the temperature affected the stability of eugenol in the nanoemulsion.

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Antifungal Activity and the Chemical and Physical Stability of Microemulsions Containing Citrus hystrix DC Leaf Oil

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20957755 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X2095775 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Piyapong Pumival ◽

Sarin Tadtong ◽

Sirivan Athikomkulchai ◽

Chuda Chittasupho

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Polydispersity Index ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Physical And Chemical

Citrus hystrix DC (kaffir lime) leaf oil exhibited antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of kaffir lime leaf oil and microemulsions containing kaffir lime oil against Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale. The chemical components of kaffir lime leaf oil were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Microemulsions containing kaffir lime oil were formulated using Tween 80, propylene glycol, and water using a phase titration method. The microemulsion of kaffir lime leaf oil was evaluated for droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential using a dynamic light scattering technique. The antifungal activities of kaffir lime oil and its microemulsion were investigated through macrodilution and agar well diffusion methods, respectively. The degradation of citronellal in the microemulsion was analyzed by validated UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of kaffir lime oil was 1.08 ± 0.00 mg/mL. The microemulsion of kaffir lime leaf oil exhibited potent antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale. The size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of freshly prepared microemulsion were 12.82 ± 0.40 nm, 0.183 ± 0.072, and −7.87 ± 0.06 mV, respectively. The microemulsion of kaffir lime leaf oil also demonstrated good physical and chemical stability at specific temperatures. The kaffir lime oil microemulsion was highly stable when stored at 4 °C and 30 °C for 1 month but was unstable at 45 °C. The microemulsion of kaffir lime leaf oil may be an alternative therapeutic against tinea pedis caused by T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale.

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Short-term physical and chemical stability of mixtures of anti-tuberculosis drugs for intravenous administration

Infusion & Chemotherapy ◽

10.32902/2663-0338-2020-2-13-18 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

M.M. Kuzhko ◽

T.M. Tlustova ◽

O.S. Denysov ◽

T.A. Sprynsian ◽

Yu.V. Shukha

Keyword(s):

Intravenous Administration ◽

Chemical Stability ◽

Chemical Interaction ◽

Stability Study ◽

Chromatographic Study ◽

Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Study Results ◽

The Stability ◽

Physical And Chemical

PURPOSE. To evaluate the stability of mixtures of anti-tuberculosis drugs for intravenous administration used for treatment of sensitive and resistant tuberculosis in time and in conditions close to the conditions of the use. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Studied combinations: ethambutol + isoniazid in various concentrations, ethambutol + levofloxacin, ethambutol + moxifloxacin. In the stability study, samples were taken for analysis of the appearance, pH and concentration of drugs at specified times (immediately after mixing, after 16, and 24 hours). RESULTS. The results of the chromatographic study indicate the absence of chemical interaction between the active pharmaceutical ingredients, high physical and chemical stability of the mixtures for up to 24 hours of storage under conditions close to the conditions of use, except the mixture of isoniazid with ethambutol, in which it is recommended to reduce the storage term to 16 hours due to the complexity of interpretation and the nature of potential impurities. CONCLUSIONS. Study results indicate the possibility of simultaneous administration of a mixture of isoniazid and ethambutol when the preparation of the mixture was not more than 16 hours prior to administration and mixtures of ethambutol + levofloxacin and ethambutol + moxifloxacin with the preparation of the mixture no more than 24 hours before administration.

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Characterization and Stability Monitoring of Maghemite Nanoparticle Suspensions

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.398 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 576 ◽

pp. 398-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Irwan Nurdin ◽

Idris Yaacob Iskandar ◽

M. Rafie Johan ◽

Bee Chin Ang

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Magnetic Measurement ◽

Average Crystallite Size ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽

Maghemite Nanoparticles ◽

Nanoparticle Suspensions ◽

Maghemite Nanoparticle ◽

The Stability ◽

Co Precipitation

Maghemite nanoparticle suspensions were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and characterized by a variety of techniques including XRD, TEM, magnetic measurement, DLS, and zeta potential. The stability of the suspension was monitored by measuring the particle size distribution using DLS over a period of two months. The diffraction pattern from XRD measurement confirmed that the particles were maghemite with an average crystallite size of 9.4 nm. TEM observations and analyses showed that the geometry of maghemite nanoparticles were nearly spherical with a mean physical diameter of 9.9 nm. The maghemite nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization value of 32.20 emu/g. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the suspension remained unchanged after two months which indicated no formation of aggregation. The hydrodynamic diameters recorded were 45.1 nm and 48.4 nm, respectively. Additionally, lack of sedimentation indicated that the suspension was stable. The suspension’s zeta potential values were 41.5 mV and 40.4 mV for as synthesized and after two month of storage respectively.

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Development of nano-emulsions based on Ayapana triplinervis essential oil for the control of Aedes aegypti larvae

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254225

Author(s):

Alex Bruno Lobato Rodrigues ◽

Rosany Lopes Martins ◽

Érica de Menezes Rabelo ◽

Rosana Tomazi ◽

Lizandra Lima Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Dimethyl Ether ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Polydispersity Index ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Nano Emulsion

Ayapana triplinervis is a plant species used in traditional medicine and in mystical-religious rituals by traditional communities in the Amazon. The aim of this study are to develop a nano-emulsion containing essential oil from A. triplinervis morphotypes, to evaluate larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and acute oral toxicity in Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus). The essential oils were extracted by steam dragging, identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and nano-emulsions were prepared using the low energy method. Phytochemical analyses indicated the major compounds, expressed as area percentage, β-Caryophyllene (45.93%) and Thymohydroquinone Dimethyl Ether (32.93%) in morphotype A; and Thymohydroquinone Dimethyl Ether (84.53%) was found in morphotype B. Morphotype A essential oil nano-emulsion showed a particle size of 101.400 ± 0.971 nm (polydispersity index = 0.124 ± 0.009 and zeta potential = -19.300 ± 0.787 mV). Morphotype B essential oil nano-emulsion had a particle size of 104.567 ± 0.416 nm (polydispersity index = 0.168 ± 0.016 and zeta potential = -27.700 ± 1.307 mV). Histomorphological analyses showed the presence of inflammatory cells in the liver of animals treated with morphotype A essential oil nano-emulsion (MAEON) and morphotype B essential oil nano-emulsion (MBEON). Congestion and the presence of transudate with leukocyte infiltration in the lung of animals treated with MAEON were observed. The nano-emulsions containing essential oils of A. triplinervis morphotypes showed an effective nanobiotechnological product in the chemical control of A. aegypti larvae with minimal toxicological action for non-target mammals.

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Preparation and characterization of phospholipid stabilized nanoemulsions in small-scale

10.1101/603803 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Shila Gurung ◽

Martin Holzer ◽

Sabine Barnert ◽

Rolf Schubert

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Sodium Cholate ◽

Correlation Spectroscopy ◽

Polydispersity Index ◽

Small Scale ◽

Polycarbonate Membrane ◽

Polycarbonate Membranes ◽

The Stability ◽

The Cost

AbstractPhospholipids have been used to prepare liposomes. The use of phospholipids to stabilize nanoemulsions may cause spontaneous formation of liposomes. The main objective of this study is to develop a method to prepare phospholipid stabilized nanoemulsions in small scale (< 1 mL) and to minimize the formation of liposomes.A combination of hand extrusion and detergent removal methods was used in this study. Extrusion through polycarbonate membranes was performed in two steps, firstly using membranes of 400 nm followed by 200 nm membranes as the second step. Sodium cholate was used as a detergent to solubilize the formed liposomes which was later removed via dialysis. Nanoemulsions were characterized by measuring their particle size, polydispersity index and zeta-potential using Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Cryo-TEM pictures. The stability of nanoemulsion stored under refrigeration was also studied.Fifty-one extrusion cycles through polycarbonate membrane of 400 nm pore size followed by one-hundred fifty-three cycles through polycarbonate membrane of 200 nm produced nanoemulsions having particle size below 200 nm (diameter). The nanoemulsions were found to be homogenous as depicted by polydispersity index (PDI) value below 0.1. Similarly, the zeta-potential was measured to be above −30 mV which is sufficient to keep nanoemulsions stable for as long as 7 months when stored under refrigeration. The Cryo-TEM pictures revealed 30 mM to be an optimum concentration of sodium cholate to prepare homogenous nanoemulsions with negligible proportion of liposomes.It was concluded that this method could be established as a small scale method of preparing nanoemulsions which will not only reduce the cost of preparation but also the disposal cost of toxic chemicals used for functionalizing nanoemulsions for scientific research.

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Encapsulation of Thiotepa and Altretamine as neurotoxic anticancer drugs in Cucurbit[n]uril (n=7, 8) nanocapsules: A DFT study

Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry ◽

10.1142/s0219633616500565 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (07) ◽

pp. 1650056 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Keyumars Hassanzadeh ◽

Keivan Akhtari ◽

Sara Sheikh Esmaeili ◽

Azin Vaziri ◽

Hedyeh Zamani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anticancer Drugs ◽

Chemical Stability ◽

Density Functional ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Polarizable Continuum Model ◽

Basis Set ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

The Stability ◽

Global And Local ◽

Physical And Chemical

The encapsulation of Altretamine (ALT) and Thiotepa (THI) as neurotoxic anticancer drugs in Cucurbit[[Formula: see text]]uril (CB[[Formula: see text]]) family of macrocycles ([Formula: see text],8) have been investigated and their potential in drug delivery, ability to provide physical and chemical stability, improving water solubility and decreasing the side effects have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) approach with B3LYP and the dispersion corrected functional WB97XD methods by employing the 3-21G* basis set. All the calculations were evaluated for gas phase and water as a pharmaceutical and biological solvent according to the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The non-covalent inter-molecular interactions between the host and guest parts were visualized using reduced density gradient analysis. The molecular characteristics for drugs, CB[[Formula: see text]] and their complexes calculated and the global and local descriptors were employed to study the chemical stability of the host–guest complexes. The results show that the encapsulation of THI and ALT for both CB[7] and CB[8] energetically favorable and this can decrease the central nervous system (CNS) neurotoxicity, and increase the stability of THI in electrophilic and nucleophilic. Beside the CNS neurotoxicity reduction and increasing the stability in electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks, the solubility in water for ALT was improved.

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Short-term physical and chemical stability of mixtures of anti-tuberculosis drugs for intravenous administration

Infusion & Chemotherapy ◽

10.32902/2663-0338-2018-1-13-18 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

М.М. Кужко ◽

Т.М. Тлустова ◽

О.С. Денисов ◽

Т.А. Спринсян ◽

Ю.В. Шуха

Keyword(s):

Intravenous Administration ◽

Chemical Stability ◽

Chemical Interaction ◽

Stability Study ◽

Chromatographic Study ◽

Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Study Results ◽

The Stability ◽

Physical And Chemical

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Stability of Turoctocog Alfa, a Recombinant Factor VIII Product, during Continuous Infusion In Vitro

TH Open ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1719082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. e354-e361

Author(s):

Masahiro Takeyama ◽

Anne Mette Nøhr ◽

Debra Pollard

Keyword(s):

Factor Viii ◽

Continuous Infusion ◽

Chemical Stability ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Recombinant Factor Viii ◽

Pump Speed ◽

Acceptance Limits ◽

The Stability ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract Objective Turoctocog alfa is a recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients with hemophilia A, including those undergoing surgery and invasive medical procedures. This in vitro study evaluated the physical and chemical stability of turoctocog alfa during continuous infusion (CI) over 24 hours at 30°C. Materials and Methods The study was performed at 30°C ( ± 2°C). A CI system with pump speed set at either 0.6 or 1.5 mL/h was used to evaluate the stability of three turoctocog alfa strengths (500, 1,000, and 3,000 IU), equating to doses of 1.1 to 16.1 IU/h per kilogram of body weight. The following parameters were evaluated at selected time points between 0 and 24 hours: appearance of solution, clarity, pH, potency, purity, content, total high molecular weight proteins (HMWPs), and oxidized rFVIII. Results The mean potency of turoctocog alfa was maintained within the predefined acceptance criteria during CI for both pump speeds with all three strengths at 6, 12, or 24 hours (500 IU: ≥484 IU/vial; 1,000 IU: ≥1,014 IU/vial; and 3,000 IU: ≥3,029 IU/vial). Furthermore, the appearance of solution, clarity, pH, purity, content of turoctocog alfa, total HMWP, and oxidized forms were also within the predefined limits, and comparable to the reference samples (time = 0 hours) for the pump speeds and product strengths assessed. Conclusion Physical and chemical stability of turoctocog alfa was maintained during CI over 24 hours. There was only minor degradation or changes in any of the parameters tested. Potency was within the prespecified acceptance limits throughout 24 hours of infusion. These findings confirm the suitability of turoctocog alfa for CI.

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Production of polymeric nanocomposites by nature-like method and study of their physical and chemical properties

Voprosy Materialovedeniya ◽

10.22349/1994-6716-2019-100-4-113-123 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 113-123

Author(s):

T. A. Voeikova ◽

O. A. Zhuravleva ◽

V. S. Kuligin ◽

E. V. Ivanov ◽

E. I. Kozhukhova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Luminescence Intensity ◽

Aqueous Suspension ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽

Polymeric Nanocomposites ◽

Kurchatov Institute ◽

Agricultural Applications ◽

The Stability ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Biogenic Nanoparticles

At the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” – GOSNIIGENETIKA, NpCdS nanocrystals were obtained by microbial synthesis. They were stabilized with proteins, which composition is determined by the strain used for biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Biogenic nanoparticles were studied and described by size, shape, hydrodynamic diameter, ζ potential, luminescence level, and defined as quantum dots applying methods of electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and spectrofluorimetry. The influence of temperature, pressure and solvents on the stability of biogenic nanoparticles and the luminescence intensity was evaluated in collaboration with IREA (NRC “Kurchatov Institute”). The luminescence intensity of the aqueous suspension of NpCdS was determined depending on the range of nanoparticle concentrations. The possibility of introducing and identifying NpCdS in epoxy resin, polyimide, and polyvinyl alcohol was assessed. Polymer nanocomposites are used for optoelectronic, biomedical and agricultural applications.

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Microencapsulation Preservation of the Stability and Efficacy of Citrus Grandis Oil-Based Repellent Formulation against Aedes aegypti during Storage

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123599 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3599

Author(s):

Norashiqin Misni ◽

Zurainee Mohamed Nor ◽

Rohani Ahmad ◽

Nur Raihana Ithnin ◽

Ngah Zasmy Unyah

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Ph Value ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Mosquito Repellent ◽

The Stability

Essential oils have been widely used as an active ingredient in mosquito repellent products. However, essential oils are highly unstable and prone to degradation when exposed to the environment during storage. Microencapsulation techniques help to maintain the stability of molecules in essential oils that are sensitive to environmental stress, and therefore improve shelf life. In this study, the physical stability and efficacy of a repellent formulation consisting of encapsulated Citrus grandis essential oil (CGEO) were evaluated under different storage conditions over a 12-month period by comparing the formulation with a non-encapsulated formulation. The formulations were both stored under two different storage conditions, i.e., 25 ± 2 °C/60% ± 5% relative humidity (RH) and 40 ± 2 °C/75% RH ± 5%, for 12 months. Droplet size, zeta potential, and pH value were measured after 1, 6, and 12 months of storage to determine their stability. For the study of efficacy, each formulation was tested against Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. We found that the microencapsulated formulation’s physical characteristics showed insignificant changes as compared with the non-encapsulated formulation during storage. The microencapsulated formulation demonstrated better repellent effects, sustaining high protection (>80%) for 4 more hours of exposure after 12 months of storage as compared with the non-encapsulated formulation that demonstrated high protection for only an hour post application. Microencapsulation helped to preserve the stability of the formulation, which resulted in high protection being maintained for over 12 months of storage.

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