scholarly journals Effect of integrated nitrogen management and foliar spray of iron on groundnut yield, quality and economics in arid region

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1703-1709
Author(s):  
N.K. Pareek ◽  
◽  
B.L. Poonia ◽  
R.K. Sharma ◽  
R.P. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Iron Chlorosis ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Active Iron

Aim: This experiment was conducted to find out appropriate technical intervention for integrated management of nitrogen and iron chlorosis in irrigated groundnut in arid regions. Methodology: Two levels of farmyard manure, five levels of nitrogen and three levels of iron spray were applied in irrigated groundnut. Chlorophyll content, active iron content, periodic dry matter accumulation, oil content and yield, protein content and nutrient uptake by groundnut were studied. Most effective level of farmyard manure, nitrogen application and iron spray were identified for optimum management of the resources.? Results: The results showed that application of farmyard manure @ 15 t ha-1, nitrogen @ 60 kg ha-1 in two or three splits and foliar spray of FeSO4 @ 1.0 % in combination with citric acid @ 0.1% was found supportive in correcting iron chlorosis by increasing chlorophyll and active iron content, improving oil content and yield, protein content and nutrient uptake and ultimately enhancing net return by groundnut under irrigated conditions. Interpretation: Farmyard manure, higher dose of nitrogen in split application and foliar spray of iron is helpful in correcting iron chlorosis, improving growth, quality and nutrient uptake and increasing income of groundnut growers under irrigated condition in arid regions.

scholarly journals Remediation of pear iron chlorosis by nanocellulose-iron chelation and mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hezhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Iron Chlorosis ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Adsorptive Property ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Active Iron ◽  
Ferritin Gene

Abstract Background: Nanocrystal cellulose has a strong ability to chelate iron and the nanocomposite possesses strong adsorptive property. Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is a mineral disorder that weakens pear photosynthesis and cause a significant decline in plant yield and quality. Conventional methods to control IDC are generally due to low efficiency and overuse of chemicals. The purpose of this study was to explore the capability of nanocellulose (NC)-Fe chelate to remediate pear IDC. Acidic hydrolyzed NCs were chelated with Fe (NCFe) based on the net charge density of the components. Foliar application of NCFe was employed to pre-etiolated seedlings of Pyrus betulifolia as a plant material. The ability of NCFe to promote active iron content (CFe), photosynthesis rate, and relative gene expression was studied. Results: Nanocrystal cellulose prepared by acidic hydrolysis exhibit rod-like whiskers carrying on negative charges. When NCs were mixed with FeSO4, the NCFe particles maintained a small, whisker-like morphology with small dots (Fe) on the surface of the NC particles. The Z-average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the NC whiskers measured by DLS were 84.3 ± 0.2 nm and -47.3 ± 1.7 mV, respectively. The particle size and zeta potential of NCFe were 107.4±3.0 nm and -9.7±0.4 mV, respectively. The results showed that NCFe could significantly mitigate IDC in seedlings by increasing CFe, photosynthesis parameters, major physiological indicators, and regulating the expression of key enzymes. When NCFe was prepared at a NC-to-Fe charge density ratio of 1:3,000, CFe and chlorophyll contents were enhanced by approximately 9 times and 72.7%, respectively; the major physiological indicators were all significantly increased. Interestingly, NCFe treatment significantly downregulated the expression of the pectin methylesterase gene (PbPME) and upregulated the expression of the ferritin gene (PbFER) to increase CFe.Conclusion: NCs have strong potential to promote plant photosynthesis when chelated with Fe. The remediation capability of NCFe to IDC is attributed to the enhancement of photosynthesis parameters and indicators. NCFe treatment significantly downregulated the expression of the PME gene (PbPME) and upregulated the expression of the ferritin gene (PbFER) to increase the active iron content. This finding will provide a good alternative and a complementary strategy for Fe-chelate applications in plant iron chlorosis management.

COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES IN DEVELOPING PODS AND SEEDS OF OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) AS AFFECTED BY POD POSITION ON THE PLANT

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DIEPENBROCK ◽  
G. GEISLER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Plants of rape (Brassica napus L. ’Erglu’) were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. The growth and composition of pods (hulls) and seeds was followed from the day when flowering took place to maturity. Pod development could be divided into three stages. In the first stage hull growth was more rapid than seed growth. Nitrogen accumulation in hulls occurred at a maximum and seeds were characterized by a high protein content but a low oil content and a fatty acid composition similar to that of photosynthetic tissue. During the second phase dry matter of hulls began to decrease, nitrogen was exported and the rates of seed dry matter accumulation grew to a maximum. At the same time the protein content of seeds declined while oil content increased rapidly. The fatty acid composition had reached the final condition. In the third stage hulls continued to lose dry matter and the rates of seed dry matter accumulation decreased dramatically. Pod growth was affected by the location of the pod on the plant. The individual seed weight and the fatty acid compvsition at 16 days after flowering indicated an accelerated development of seeds from axillary branches. Pods from the main branch generally produced the largest amount of seed dry matter. From these results the ideal high-yielding rape plant was characterized.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Manures on Nutrient Uptake and Seed Quality of Sesame

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Paul Anguria ◽  
George N. Chemining’wa ◽  
Richard N. Onwonga ◽  
Michael A. Ugen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Organic Manures

The influence of organic manures in nutrient uptake and seed quality of sesame is not fully known. In this context, a study was conducted in northeastern Uganda in 2013 and 2014 short rains, and 2014 long rains to investigate the effect of organic manures on nutrient uptake and seed quality of sesame. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments comprised: control, 4 crop residues, 2 animal manures and combinations of 2 animal manures and 4 crop residues all applied at two rates of 3 and 6 t/ha. Poultry manure plus finger millet husks (6 t/ha) produced significantly the highest seed protein content (48.23%) and uptake of N (4.84%), P (0.66%) and K (1.86%) by sesame at 4 weeks after emergence. Poultry manure plus cowpea husks (6 t/ha) and poultry manure plus groundnut shells (3 t/ha) produced the highest total ash (8.71%) and sesame seed oil content (67.95%), respectively. The crop residue effect on seed crude protein content, seed total ash and seed oil content occurred in the order of finger millet > cowpea > groundnut > sorghum, finger millet > cowpea > sorghum > groundnut and groundnut > sorghum > cowpea > finger millet, respectively. This study has demonstrated that finger millet husks and groundnut shells effectively enhance protein and oil content of sesame than other crop residues, respectively. Poultry manure plus finger millet husks (3 t/ha) enhances sesame seed protein content than other treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, productivity, quality and nutrient uptake of irrigated yellow sarson (Brassica campestris L var. yellow sarson) in older alluvial soil of West Bengal

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1411-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Raj ◽  
R. B Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Pm 2.5

A field experiment was conducted during rabi (winter) seasons of 2007-08 and 2008-09 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, oil content and nutrient uptake of yellow sarson (Brassica cam-pestris L var. yellow sarson) in older alluvial soil of West Bengal. Significantly higher leaf area index (1.75 at 40 days after sowing; DAS), dry matter accumulation (1366.9 g/m2 at 80 DAS) and highest number of siliquae/plant (118.3), number of seeds/siliqua (21.8), seed yield (1.90 t/ha), stover yield (3.86 t/ha) were recorded significantly (at 5% lev-el) higher with poultry manure (PM) @2.5t/ha +50%RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer i.e. 80-40-40 of N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha) + PSB (phosphate solubilising bacteria) + AZ (Azotobacter) during both the years and on pooled basis. An average of 30.5% and 233% increase in seed yield by this treatment was recorded over sole application of RDF and control respectively. Integrated application of PM (2.5 t/ha) + 50% RDF + PSB + AZ recorded highest oil content (43.16%) and positive effect on soil fertility status. The highest benefit: cost ratios (2.26 and 2.4 in 2007-'08 and 2008-'09 respectively) were achieved from the use of 50% RDF + PM (2.5 t/ha) +PSB+AZ.

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake by Maize (Variety-MS 2) under Poplar Agroforestry System

2021 ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Gyanaranjan Sahoo ◽  
Afaq Majid Wani ◽  
Pravat Kumar Roul ◽  
Asim Chandra Dash
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Aims: To evaluate the influence of farmyard manure, vermicompost, mustard oil cake, poultry manure, and inorganic fertilisers (N, P, K) on maize dry matter buildup and nutrient uptake by plants, as well as to demonstrate how maize may be produced in a poplar agroforestry system. Study Design: Randomized block design. Place and Duration of Study: Forest Nursery, College of Forestry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India, between July 2019 – October 2019 and  July 2020 – October 2020. Methodology: The research was laid out in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice with twelve treatments viz., T1 (Control), T2 (100% Recommended dose of fertilizer), T3 (75%) RDF), T4 (50%) RDF), T5 (75%) RDF + (25%) RDF through FYM), T6 (50%) RDF + (50%) RDF through FYM), T7 (75%) RDF + (25%) RDF through Mustard Oilcake, T8 (50%) RDF + (50%) RDF through Mustard Oilcake and T9 (75%) RDF + (25%) RDF through Vermicompost, T10 (50%) RDF + (50%) RDF through Vermicompost, T11 (75%) RDF + (25%) RDF through poultry manure and T12 (50%) RDF + (50%) RDF through poultry manure. These treatment combinations were applied prior to sowing of maize. After harvesting of maize in October, the said observations i.e. dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake by maize plant were calculated. Results: In the effect of twelve treatments, T9 (75% RDF + 25% N through Vermicompost) considerably influenced and recorded highest dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake by maize, followed by T11 during two consecutive years, while T1 (control), where no fertiliser or manure was applied under a poplar agroforestry system, recorded the lowest. Conclusion: by application of vermicompost in combination with chemical fertiliser considerably improved growth characteristics and output. All of the treatments had a considerable impact on maize growth and yield. The optimum result was found to be 75 % RDF + 25 % Vermicompost (T9) in the current study. Our results indicated that, organic fertilizer can be a superior supplement of inorganic fertilizer to produce healthier growth and yield of maize.

scholarly journals Nitrogen management in Soybean: A Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Bhangu ◽  
Harpreet Kaur Virk
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Leguminous Crop

Soybean (Glycine max) is a leguminous crop grown worldwide for its dual qualities viz. high protein and oil content. It contains about 40-42% protein and 20-22% oil and is one of the major cash crop of rainy season.The plant growth parameters like plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation of soybean increased with application of nitrogen from 30-80 kg N ha-1. Nodule number and nodule dry weight increased with application of 40 kg N ha-1and decreased afterwards whereas, yield and yield attributes of soybean increased with the application of nitrogen upto 100 kg ha-1. Application of nitrogen from 40-80 kg N ha-1as basal dose resulted in increase in protein content. The split application of nitrogen as basal and at reproductive stages also resulted in increase in protein content. However, oil content decreased with increasing level of nitrogen. The oil content increased with application of nitrogen upto 40 kg N ha-1. Application of nitrogen also improved soil properties like organic carbon, available NPK and saturated hydraulic conductivity.

scholarly journals Impact of phosphorus and sulphur nutrients as sole and in combination from organic sources and integration of organic and inorganic source on groundnut quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Punitha Premanandarajah ◽  
Vassanthini Ratnarajah
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Single Super Phosphate ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphorus and sulphur nutrients as sole and in combination from organic and integration of organic and inorganic sources on groundnut quality. Two studies were conducted to select best phosphorus and sulphur sources by using farmyard manure, poultry manure (PM), vermicompost and sewage sludge. There were six treatments in study one and two, including inorganic source of single super phosphate (SSP) and no phosphorus (control) in trial one and no sulphur (control) in trial two. They were replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Among them the selected best source poultry manure was combined with chemical fertilizer (CF) single super phosphate to supply phosphorus and sulphur by having six treatments (Control, 100%PM, 75%PM + 25%CF, 50%PM + 50%CF, 25%PM + 75% CF, 100% CF) and were replicated three times in a completely randomized design. The oil and protein content of kernels were increased as a result of phosphorus and sulphur. Poultry manure as a sole source of phosphorus and sulphur exhibited the highest oil and protein content. 25% poultry manure with 75% chemical fertilizer as a combination exhibited the highest oil content (45.20%) and 75% poultry manure with 25% chemical fertilizer as a combination resulted in the highest protein content (12.50%) of kernels.

Effect of varying seeding rates on hybrid and conventional summer rape performance in Manitoba

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Van Deynze ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
R. Scarth ◽  
S. R. Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Matter Production

To compare the effects of varying seeding rate on the agronomic performance, phenology and seed quality of hybrid and conventional summer rape cultivars, four hybrid and two conventional summer rape cultivars were seeded at 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 9.0 kg ha−1 at two locations for 3 yr. The hybrid cultivars were, very importantly, 24% higher yielding and produced 50% more total dry matter than the conventional cultivars. The hybrid cultivars were, on average, 1.3% lower in seed oil content, 1.0% higher in seed protein content and equal in sum of oil and protein in the seed compared with the conventional cultivars. The hybrid cultivars were on average, 1.3 d later to 50% flowering and 1.1 d later to maturity than the average for the conventional cultivars, (i.e., equal or earlier to flowering and maturity than Regent). The hybrid cultivars were also 3.9% lower in harvest index and 1.3 ppm lower in chlorophyll content than the conventional cultivars. In spite of these differences, there were no significant cultivar-by-seeding-rate interactions, indicating that the hybrid and conventional cultivars responded similarly to varying seeding rate. Lodging, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, harvest index, survival, oil content and protein content displayed significant linear responses to varying seeding rate. Stand at maturity, seed yield and total dry matter production displayed significant linear and quadratic responses to varying seeding rate. Varying seeding rate had no effect on seed formation period, the sum of oil and protein content, or chlorophyll content. A seeding rate of 6 kg ha−1 maximized seed yield for both hybrid and conventional summer rape cultivars.Key words: Brassica napus, canola, seed quality, agronomy, phenology

scholarly journals Pretreatment of brewery effluent to cultivate Spirulina sp. for nutrients removal and biomass production

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1852-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Lu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Yuming Zhong ◽  
Caibing Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Nutrients Removal ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Algae Cultivation ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Brewery Effluent

Due to the low concentration of nitrate and high contents of organics, brewery effluent was not suitable for the cultivation of Spirulina sp. This work changed the nutrient profile of brewery effluent effectively by dilution, addition of nitrate, and anaerobic digestion. The result showed that the optimum dilution rate and NaNO3 addition for brewery effluent were 20% and 0.5 g/L, respectively. Spirulina sp. grown in pretreated brewery effluent produced 1.562 mg/L biomass and reduced concentrations of nutrients to reach the permissible dischargeable limits. In addition, Spirulina sp. grown in pretreated brewery effluent had much higher protein content and oil content. So the appropriate treatment converted brewery effluent into a nutrient balanced medium for algae cultivation and alleviated the potential environmental problems. Pretreatment procedure developed in this work is an effective way to realize the sustainable utilization of brewery effluent and produce algal biomass with valuable nutrients.

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