Changes in the incidence of seasonal influenza in response to COVID-19 social distancing measures: an observational study based on Canada’s national influenza surveillance system
Abstract Objectives: Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection that presents a significant annual burden to Canadians and the Canadian health care system. Social distancing measures that were implemented to control the novel coronavirus outbreak were also investigated for their ability to lessen the incidence of seasonal influenza.Methods: We conducted an ecological study using data from Canada’s national influenza surveillance system to investigate whether social distancing measures to control COVID-19 reduced the incidence of seasonal influenza. Data taken from three separate time frames facilitated analysis of the 2019-20 influenza season prior to, during, and following the implementation of COVID-19 related measures and enabled comparisons to the same time periods during three preceding flu seasons. The incidence of specific influenza strains was of primary focus. Further analysis was performed to determine the number of new laboratory-confirmed influenza or influenza like illness outbreaks.Results: Our results indicate a premature end to the 2019-20 influenza season, with a significantly fewer number of cases and outbreaks being recorded following the enactment of many COVID-19 social distancing polices. The incidence of influenza strains A (H3N2), A (unsubtyped), and B were all significantly lower at the tail-end of the 2019-20 influenza season, compared with preceding seasons.Conclusion: Specific social distancing measures and behaviours may serve as effective tools to limit the spread of influenza transmission moving forward, as they become more familiar.