Influenza surveillance system of Japan and acute encephalitis and encephalopathy in the influenza season

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Okabe ◽  
Kazuyo Yamashita ◽  
Kiyosu Taniguchi and Sakae Inouye
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Acute Encephalitis

scholarly journals Changes in the incidence of seasonal influenza in response to COVID-19 social distancing measures: an observational study based on Canada’s national influenza surveillance system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pierce ◽  
Margaret Haworth-Brockman ◽  
Diana Marin ◽  
Zulma V. Rueda ◽  
Yoav Keynan
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Objectives Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection that presents a significant annual burden to Canadians and the Canadian healthcare system. Social distancing measures that were implemented to control the 2019–2020 novel coronavirus outbreak were investigated for their ability to lessen the incident cases of seasonal influenza. Methods We conducted an ecological study using data from Canada’s national influenza surveillance system to investigate whether social distancing measures to control COVID-19 reduced the incident cases of seasonal influenza. Data taken from three separate time frames facilitated analysis of the 2019–2020 influenza season prior to, during, and following the implementation of COVID-19-related measures and enabled comparisons with the same time periods during three preceding flu seasons. The incidence, which referred to the number of laboratory-confirmed cases of specific influenza strains, was of primary focus. Further analysis determined the number of new laboratory-confirmed influenza or influenza-like illness outbreaks. Results Our results indicate a premature end to the 2019–2020 influenza season, with significantly fewer cases and outbreaks being recorded following the enactment of many COVID-19 social distancing policies. The incidence of influenza strains A (H3N2), A (unsubtyped), and B were all significantly lower at the tail end of the 2019–2020 influenza season as compared with preceding seasons (p = 0.0003, p = 0.0007, p = 0.0019). Conclusion Specific social distancing measures and behaviours may serve as effective tools to limit the spread of influenza transmission moving forward, as they become more familiar.

scholarly journals Estimating the undetected burden of influenza hospitalizations in children

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. GRIJALVA ◽  
G. A. WEINBERG ◽  
N. M. BENNETT ◽  
M. A. STAAT ◽  
A. S. CRAIG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Using Data

SUMMARYDuring the 2004–2005 influenza season two independent influenza surveillance systems operated simultaneously in three United States counties. The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) prospectively enrolled children hospitalized for respiratory symptoms/fever and tested them using culture and RT–PCR. The Emerging Infections Program (EIP) and a similar clinical-laboratory surveillance system identified hospitalized children who had positive influenza tests obtained as part of their usual medical care. Using data from these systems, we applied capture–recapture analyses to estimate the burden of influenza related-hospitalizations in children aged <5 years. During the 2004–2005 influenza season the influenza-related hospitalization rate estimated by capture–recapture analysis was 8·6/10 000 children aged <5 years. When compared to this estimate, the sensitivity of the prospective surveillance system was 69% and the sensitivity of the clinical-laboratory based system was 39%. In the face of limited resources and an increasing need for influenza surveillance, capture–recapture analysis provides better estimates than either system alone.

scholarly journals Changes in the incidence of seasonal influenza in response to COVID-19 social distancing measures: an observational study based on Canada’s national influenza surveillance system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pierce ◽  
Margaret Haworth-Brockman ◽  
Diana Marin ◽  
Zulma V Rueda ◽  
Yoav Keynan
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Canadian Health Care System ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Objectives: Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection that presents a significant annual burden to Canadians and the Canadian health care system. Social distancing measures that were implemented to control the novel coronavirus outbreak were also investigated for their ability to lessen the incidence of seasonal influenza.Methods: We conducted an ecological study using data from Canada’s national influenza surveillance system to investigate whether social distancing measures to control COVID-19 reduced the incidence of seasonal influenza. Data taken from three separate time frames facilitated analysis of the 2019-20 influenza season prior to, during, and following the implementation of COVID-19 related measures and enabled comparisons to the same time periods during three preceding flu seasons. The incidence of specific influenza strains was of primary focus. Further analysis was performed to determine the number of new laboratory-confirmed influenza or influenza like illness outbreaks.Results: Our results indicate a premature end to the 2019-20 influenza season, with a significantly fewer number of cases and outbreaks being recorded following the enactment of many COVID-19 social distancing polices. The incidence of influenza strains A (H3N2), A (unsubtyped), and B were all significantly lower at the tail-end of the 2019-20 influenza season, compared with preceding seasons.Conclusion: Specific social distancing measures and behaviours may serve as effective tools to limit the spread of influenza transmission moving forward, as they become more familiar.

scholarly journals Front-Line Emergency Department Clinician Acceptability and Use of a Prototype Real-Time Cloud-Based Influenza Surveillance System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Rothman ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Hsieh ◽  
Anna DuVal ◽  
David A. Talan ◽  
Gregory J. Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Related Information ◽  
System Data

Objectives: To assess emergency department (ED) clinicians' perceptions of a novel real-time influenza surveillance system using a pre- and post-implementation structured survey.Methods: We created and implemented a laboratory-based real-time influenza surveillance system at two EDs at the beginning of the 2013-2014 influenza season. Patients with acute respiratory illness were tested for influenza using rapid PCR-based Cepheid Xpert Flu assay. Results were instantaneously uploaded to a cloud-based data aggregation system made available to clinicians via a web-based dashboard. Clinicians received bimonthly email updates summating year-to-date results. Clinicians were surveyed prior to, and after the influenza season, to assess their views regarding acceptability and utility of the surveillance system data which were shared via dashboard and email updates.Results: The pre-implementation survey revealed that the majority (82%) of the 151 ED clinicians responded that they “sporadically” or “don't,” actively seek influenza-related information during the season. However, most (75%) reported that they would find additional information regarding influenza prevalence useful. Following implementation, there was an overall increase in the frequency of clinician self-reporting increased access to surveillance information from 50 to 63%, with the majority (75%) indicating that the surveillance emails impacted their general awareness of influenza. Clinicians reported that the additional real-time surveillance data impacted their testing (65%) and treatment (51%) practices.Conclusions: The majority of ED clinicians found surveillance data useful and indicated the additional information impacted their clinical practice. Accurate and timely surveillance information, distributed in a provider-friendly format could impact ED clinician management of patients with suspected influenza.

Derivation of New Surveillance System for Influenza-like Illness Using Claims Data 2014-2018 in Korea (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HeeKyung Choi ◽  
Won Suk Choi ◽  
Euna Han
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Utilization Review ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
System P ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Antitussive Agents

BACKGROUND Influenza is an important public health concern. A national surveillance system that easily and rapidly detects influenza epidemics is lacking. OBJECTIVE We assumed that the rate of influenza-like illness (ILI) related-claims is similar to the current ILI surveillance system. METHODS We used the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Samples (HIRA-NPS), 2014-2018. We defined ILI-related claims as outpatient claims that contain both antipyretic and antitussive agents and calculated the weekly rate of ILI-related claims. We compared ILI-related claims and weekly ILI rates from clinical sentinel surveillance data. RESULTS We observed a strong correlation between the two surveillance systems each season. The absolute thresholds for the four-years were 84.64 and 86.19 cases claims per 1,000 claims for claims data and 12.27 and 16.82 per 1,000 patients for sentinel data (Figure 5). Both the claims and sentinel data surpassed the epidemic thresholds each season. The peak epidemic in the claims data was reached one to two weeks later than in the sentinel data. The epidemic patterns were more similar in the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons than the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 seasons. CONCLUSIONS Based on hospital reports, ILI-related claims rates were similar to the ILI surveillance system. ILI claims data can be loaded to a drug utilization review system in Korea to make an influenza surveillance system.

scholarly journals Real-time Laboratory-Based Influenza Surveillance with Xpert Flu

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Dugas ◽  
Howard Burkom ◽  
Richard Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Site Type ◽  
Rapid Pcr ◽  
Surveillance And Response

In order to provide real-time access to influenza test results, we created a laboratory-based surveillance system which automatically uploaded influenza test results from a rapid PCR-based influenza test, Xpert Flu, and the associated testing times and locations. On-site, type-specific results were available to physicians and uploaded for public health awareness within 100 minutes of patient nasopharyngeal swab. Expansion of this real-time capability to sentinel facilities could improve both local and national surveillance and response, reducing the need for syndromic influenza surveillance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Point of Need Diagnostic Tests for Use in California Influenza Outbreaks

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlynn Daughton ◽  
Alina Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Data Streams ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks

Because of the potential threats flu viruses pose, the United States, like many developed countries, has a very well established flu surveillance system consisting of 10 components collecting laboratory data, mortality data, hospitalization data and sentinel outpatient care data. Currently, this surveillance system is estimated to lag behind the actual seasonal outbreak by one to two weeks. As new data streams come online, it is important to understand what added benefit they bring to the flu surveillance system complex. For data streams to be effective, they should provide data in a more timely fashion or provide additional data that current surveillance systems cannot provide. Two multiplexed diagnostic tools designed to test syndromically relevant pathogens and wirelessly upload data for rapid integration and interpretation were evaluated to see how they fit into the influenza surveillance scheme in California.

scholarly journals Flucast: a real-time tool to predict severity of an influenza season (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aye Moa ◽  
David Muscatello ◽  
Abrar Chughtai ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
C Raina MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Surge Capacity ◽  
Preparedness Planning

BACKGROUND Influenza causes serious illness requiring annual health system surge capacity, yet annual seasonal variation makes it difficult to forecast and plan for the severity of an upcoming season. Research shows that hospital and health system stakeholders indicated a preference of forecasting tools that are easy to use and understand, to assist with surge capacity planning for influenza. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a simple risk prediction tool, Flucast, to predict the severity of an emerging influenza season. METHODS Study data were obtained from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System and Australian Influenza Surveillance Reports, Department of Health, Australia. We tested Flucast using retrospective seasonal data for eleven Australian influenza seasons. We compared five different models, using parameters known early in the season and which may be associated with the severity of the season. To calibrate the tool, the resulting estimates of seasonal severity were validated against independent reports of influenza-attributable morbidity and mortality. A model with highest predictive accuracy against retrospective seasonal activity was chosen as a best fit model to develop the Flucast tool. The tool was prospectively tested against the emerging 2018 influenza season. RESULTS The Flucast tool predicted the severity of all retrospectively studied years correctly for influenza seasonal activity in Australia. For 2018, the tool provided a reliable early prediction of severe seasonal influenza with the use of real-time data. The tool meets stakeholder preferences for simplicity and ease of use to assist with surge capacity planning. CONCLUSIONS The Flucast tool may be useful to inform future health system influenza preparedness planning, surge capacity and intervention programs in real time and can be adapted for different settings and geographic locations. CLINICALTRIAL NA

scholarly journals Influenza antiviral susceptibility monitoring activities in relation to national antiviral stockpiles in Europe during the winter 2006/2007 season

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Meijer ◽  
A Lackenby ◽  
A Hay ◽  
M Zambon
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Neuraminidase Inhibitor ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Virus Susceptibility ◽  
Pandemic Threat ◽  
The Impact

Due to the influenza pandemic threat, many countries are stockpiling antivirals in the hope of limiting the impact of a future pandemic virus. Since resistance to antiviral drugs would probably significantly alter the effectiveness of antivirals, surveillance programmes to monitor the emergence of resistance are of considerable importance. During the 2006/2007 influenza season, an inventory was conducted by the European Surveillance Network for Vigilance against Viral Resistance (VIRGIL) in collaboration with the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS) to evaluate antiviral susceptibility testing by the National Influenza Reference Laboratories (NIRL) in relation to the national antiviral stockpile in 30 European countries that are members of EISS. All countries except Ukraine had a stockpile of the neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) oseltamivir. Additionally, four countries had a stockpile of the NAI zanamivir and three of the M2 ion channel inhibitor rimantadine. Of 29 countries with a NAI stockpile, six countries'; NIRLs could determine virus susceptibility by 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and in 13 countries it could be done by sequencing. Only in one of the three countries with a rimantadine stockpile could the NIRL determine virus susceptibility, by sequencing only. However, including the 18 countries that had plans to introduce or extend antiviral susceptibility testing, the NIRLs of 21 of the 29 countries with a stockpile would be capable of susceptibility testing appropriate to the stockpiled drug by the end of the 2007/2008 influenza season. Although most European countries in this study have stockpiles of influenza antivirals, susceptibility surveillance capability by the NIRLs appropriate to the stockpiled antivirals is limited.

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