scholarly journals Saliva As A Non-Invasive Specimen For COPD Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Melo-Dias ◽  
Carla Valente ◽  
Lília Andrade ◽  
Alda Marques ◽  
Ana Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Microbiota ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Exacerbation Of Copd ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Abstract Background: People with COPD have been reported to bear a distinct airway microbiota from healthy individuals based on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and sputum samples. Unfortunately, the collection of these samples involves invasive procedures preventing its regular use. Non-invasive samples from the upper airways could constitute an interesting alternative, but its relationship with COPD is still underexplored.We examined the merits of saliva to identify the typical profile of COPD microbiota and test its association with the disease.Methods: Outpatients with COPD and age-sex matched healthy controls were recruited and characterised based on clinical parameters and 16S rRNA profiling of salivary microbiota. A clustering analysis based on patients’ microbiota beta-diversity and logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the association between the microbiota composition and COPD. Results: 128 individuals participated (70 patients and 58 controls). Differential abundance analyses showed differences in patients comparable to the ones previously observed in samples from the lower respiratory tract, i.e., an increase in Proteobacteria (particularly Haemophilus) and loss of microbiota diversity. An unsupervised clustering analysis separated patients in two groups based on microbiota composition differing significantly in the frequency of patients hospitalized due to severe acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and in the frequency of GOLD D patients. Furthermore, a low frequency of Prevotella was associated with a significantly higher risk of recent severe AECOPD and of being GOLD D.Conclusion: Salivary microbiota showed an association with COPD, particularly with severe exacerbations, supporting the use of this non-invasive specimen for future studies of heterogeneous respiratory diseases like COPD.

scholarly journals Modulation of Saliva Microbiota through Prebiotic Intervention in HIV-Infected Individuals

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Jiménez-Hernández ◽  
Sergio Serrano-Villar ◽  
Alba Domingo ◽  
Xavier Pons ◽  
Alejandro Artacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Salivary Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by an early depletion of the mucosal associated T helper (CD4+) cells that impair the host immunity and impact the oral and gut microbiomes. Although, the HIV-associated gut microbiota was studied in depth, few works addressed the dysbiosis of oral microbiota in HIV infection and, to our knowledge, no studies on intervention with prebiotics were performed. We studied the effect of a six-week-long prebiotic administration on the salivary microbiota in HIV patients and healthy subjects. Also, the co-occurrence of saliva microorganisms in the fecal bacteria community was explored. We assessed salivary and feces microbiota composition using deep 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing with Illumina methodology. At baseline, the different groups shared the same most abundant genera, but the HIV status had an impact on the saliva microbiota composition and diversity parameters. After the intervention with prebiotics, we found a drastic decrease in alpha diversity parameters, as well as a change of beta diversity, without a clear directionality toward a healthy microbiota. Interestingly, we found a differential response to the prebiotics, depending on the initial microbiota. On the basis of 100% identity clustering, we detected saliva sequences in the feces datasets, suggesting a drag of microorganisms from the upper to the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Salivary microbiota composition is associated with severe exacerbations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Melo-Dias ◽  
Carla Valente ◽  
Lília Andrade ◽  
Alda Marques ◽  
Ana Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Salivary Microbiota

HEART RATE VARIABILITY RELATED TO N95 RESPIRATOR USE IN INTERNS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
Pakanati Sujana ◽  
Venkata Mahesh Gandhavalla ◽  
K. Prabhakara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
N95 Respirators ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Introduction: COVID19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets and contact routes. WHO recommended the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for prevention and N95 respirators are critical components of PPE. Breathing through N95 respirator will impart stress in the individual and that can be assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). HRV measures the variation in time between each heartbeat controlled by autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is a non invasive reliable index to identify the ANS imbalances. Aims And Objectives: This study is aimed at assessing the HRV of Interns working in COVID19 wards using N95 respirators. Methodology: This study included 100 interns in whom short term HRV was recorded using the standard protocol. Lead II of ECG was recorded using AD instruments (ADI) 8channel polygraph and HRV was analysed using Labchart 8pro software. The recordings were taken before and 1hour after wearing N95 respirator. Results: Overall HRV (SDRR) was found to decrease signicantly after wearing N95 respirator for 1hr (p=0.000). Similarly, indices representing the parasympathetic component ( RMSSD and HF ) were also found to decrease signicantly with the use of N95 respirator. Low frequency (LF) power and LF/HF ratio increased signicantly with N95 respirator use (p=0.000). Conclusion: We conclude that using N95 respirator increased sympathetic activity reecting decreased HRV in our subjects Hence we recommend that it is better to change the duty pattern for interns.

scholarly journals Natural Sensations Evoked in Distal Extremities Using Surface Electrical Stimulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia P. Slopsema ◽  
John M. Boss ◽  
Lane A. Heyboer ◽  
Carson M. Tobias ◽  
Brooke P. Draggoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Neural Stimulation ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Knee Strength ◽  
Better Than

Background: Electrical stimulation is increasingly relevant in a variety of medical treatments. In this study, surface electrical stimulation was evaluated as a method to non-invasively target a neural function, specifically natural sensation in the distal limbs. Method: Electrodes were placed over the median and ulnar nerves at the elbow and the common peroneal and lateral sural cutaneous nerves at the knee. Strength-duration curves for sensation were compared between nerves. The location, modality, and intensity of each sensation were also analyzed. In an effort to evoke natural sensations, several patterned waveforms were evaluated. Results: Distal sensation was obtained in all but one of the 48 nerves tested in able-bodied subjects and in the two nerves from subjects with an amputation. Increasing the pulse amplitude of the stimulus caused an increase in the area and magnitude of the sensation in a majority of subjects. A low frequency waveform evoked a tapping or tapping-like sensation in 29 out of the 31 able-bodied subjects and a sensation that could be considered natural in two subjects with an amputation. This waveform performed better than other patterned waveforms that had proven effective during implanted extra-neural stimulation. Conclusion: Surface electrical stimulation has the potential to be a powerful, non-invasive tool for activation of the nervous system. These results suggest that a tapping sensation in the distal extremity can be evoked in most able-bodied individuals and that targeting the nerve trunk from the surface is a valid method to evoke sensation in the phantom limb of individuals with an amputation for short term applications.

Reversal of Renal Insufficiency in an Aging Cat: A 5-year Multi-Crossover Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Dennis ◽  
John Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electro Magnetic

Renal failure is a leading cause of suffering and death in domestic cats, with approximately 1 in 3 cats affected.  Current standard-of-care treatment usually involves palliative care, diets restricted in protein and phosphorus, plenty of fluids, and sometimes vitamin D and Omega-3.  But even with early detection, which is difficult, treatment options are limited and often are not very effective.  Dietary restrictions and palliative care are often the best that can be offered, but the creatinine levels tend to inexorably creep upward toward eventual kidney failure and death.  We report the effectiveness of the use of a low-frequency, low-intensity, non-invasive treatment using Pulsed Electro-Magnetic Fields, specifically tuned to inductively generate micro-electric currents in deep tissues (ICES®-PEMF).  This report chronicles the return to normal and then reversion to renal insufficiency in a single cat, when ICES®-PEMF was applied, then withheld, then applied again, over three cycles of application and non-application, over a 5-year period. A return to normal creatinine levels, with a subsequent return to renal insufficiency as indicated by loss of control of creatinine, correlated precisely with the application and non-application of ICES®-PEMF.  The pattern observed during each cycle was as follows:  when applied 2 to 3 times weekly for 20-60 minutes each treatment, creatinine levels declined to normal range within 2-3 months.  During periods when treatment was discontinued, creatinine levels began to climb to high levels again.  We suggest the further study and potential use of ICES®-PEMF as an effective, inexpensive, safe, non-invasive treatment for feline kidney disease.

scholarly journals Ketonuria Is Associated with Changes to the Abundance of Roseburia in the Gut Microbiota of Overweight and Obese Women at 16 Weeks Gestation: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Robinson ◽  
Helen Barrett ◽  
Luisa Gomez-Arango ◽  
H. David McIntyre ◽  
Leonie Callaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The gut microbiome in pregnancy has been associated with various maternal metabolic and hormonal markers involved in glucose metabolism. Maternal ketones are of particular interest due to the rise in popularity of low-carbohydrate diets. We assessed for differences in the composition of the gut microbiota in pregnant women with and without ketonuria at 16 weeks gestation. Fecal samples were obtained from 11 women with fasting ketonuria and 11 matched controls. The samples were analyzed to assess for differences in gut microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing. Supervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed significantly different beta-diversity between women with and without ketonuria, but no difference in the alpha-diversity. Group comparisons and network analysis showed that ketonuria was associated with an increased abundance of the butyrate-producing genus Roseburia. The bacteria that contributed the most to the differences in the composition of the gut microbiota included Roseburia, Methanobrevibacter, Uncl. RF39, and Dialister in women with ketonuria and Eggerthella, Phascolarctobacterium, Butyricimonas, and Uncl. Coriobacteriaceae in women without ketonuria. This study found that the genus Roseburia is more abundant in the gut microbiota of pregnant women with ketonuria. Roseburia is a butyrate producing bacterium and may increase serum ketone levels.

Non-invasive determination of the irradiation dose in fingers using low-frequency EPR

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (13) ◽  
pp. 2891-2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Zdravkova ◽  
N Crokart ◽  
F Trompier ◽  
N Beghein ◽  
B Gallez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Invasive and Non-Invasive Methods to Characterize Intestinal Microbiota throughout a Production Cycle of Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannigje Kers ◽  
Egil Fischer ◽  
J. Stegeman ◽  
Hauke Smidt ◽  
Francisca Velkers
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cecal Content ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Longitudinal Data Collection ◽  
Similar Development

In the short life of broiler chickens, their intestinal microbiota undergoes many changes. To study underlying biological mechanisms and factors that influence the intestinal microbiota development, longitudinal data from flocks and individual birds is needed. However, post-mortem collection of samples hampers longitudinal data collection. In this study, invasively collected cecal and ileal content, cloacal swabs collected from the same bird, and boot sock samples and cecal droppings from the litter of the broilers’ poultry house, were collected on days 0, 2, 7, 14 and 35 post-hatch. The different sample types were evaluated on their applicability and reliability to characterize the broiler intestinal microbiota. The microbiota of 247 samples was assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Analyses of α and β measures showed a similar development of microbiota composition of cecal droppings compared to cecal content. Furthermore, the composition of cecal content samples was comparable to that of the boot socks until day 14 post-hatch. This study shows that the value of non-invasive sample types varies at different ages and depends on the goal of the microbiota characterization. Specifically, cecal droppings and boot socks may be useful alternatives for cecal samples to determine intestinal microbiota composition longitudinally.

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