Characterization of Two Immunodominant Antigenic Peptides in NSP2 of PRRSV-2 and Generation of a Marker PRRSV Strain Based on the Peptides

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a widespread disease with great economic importance in the pig industry. Although vaccines against the PRRS virus (PRRSV) have been employed for more than 20 years, differentiating infected from vaccinated animal remains challenging. In this study, all 907 non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) full-length sequences of PRRSV-2 available from GenBank were aligned. Two peptides, at positions 562–627 (m1B) and 749–813 (m2B) of NSP2, were selected, and their potential for use in differential diagnosis was assessed. Both m1B and m2B were recognized by PRRSV-positive pig serum in peptide-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Further epitope identification yielded five overlapping short peptides for the immunodominant regions of m1B and m2B. Using the infectious clone of PRRSV HuN4-F112 as a template, the deletion mutants rHuN4-F112-m1B, rHuN4-F112-m2B, and rHuN4-F112-C5-m1B-m2B were generated and successfully rescued in Marc-145 cells. Growth kinetics revealed that deletion of m1B and m2B did not significantly affect virus replication. Hence, m1B and m2B show potential as molecular markers for developing a PRRSV vaccine.

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Evaluation of the Cross-Protective Efficacy of a Chimeric PRRSV Vaccine against Two Genetically Diverse PRRSV2 Field Strains in a Reproductive Model

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9111258 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1258

Author(s):

Chang-Gi Jeong ◽

Amina Khatun ◽

Salik Nazki ◽

Seung-Chai Kim ◽

Yun-Hee Noh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

Infectious Clone ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Live Vaccines ◽

Prrs Virus ◽

Prrsv Strain ◽

Reading Frames ◽

Chimeric Vaccine

Despite the routine use of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)-modified live vaccines, serious concerns are currently being raised due to their quick reversion to virulence and limited cross-protection against divergent PRRS virus (PRRSV) strains circulating in the field. Therefore, a PRRS chimeric vaccine (JB1) was produced using a DNA-launched infectious clone by replacing open reading frames (ORFs) 3–6 with those from a mixture of two genetically different PRRSV2 strains (K07–2273 and K08–1054) and ORF1a with that from a mutation-resistant PRRSV strain (RVRp22) exhibiting an attenuated phenotype. To evaluate the safety and cross-protective efficacy of JB1 in a reproductive model, eight PRRS-negative pregnant sows were purchased and divided into four groups. Four sows in two of the groups were vaccinated with JB1, and the other 4 sows were untreated at gestational day 60. At gestational day 93, one vaccinated group and one nonvaccinated group each were challenged with either K07–2273 or K08–1054. All of the sows aborted or delivered until gestation day 115 (24 days post challenge), and the newborn piglets were observed up to the 28th day after birth, which was the end of the experiment. Overall, pregnant sows of the JB1-vaccinated groups showed no meaningful viremia after vaccination and significant reductions in viremia with K07–2273 and K08–1054, exhibiting significantly higher levels of serum virus-neutralizing antibodies than non-vaccinated sows. Moreover, the JB1-vaccinated groups did not exhibit any abortion due to vaccination and showed improved piglet viability and birth weight. The piglets from JB1-vaccinated sows displayed lower viral concentrations in serum and fewer lung lesions compared with those of the piglets from the nonvaccinated sows. Therefore, JB1 is a safe and effective vaccine candidate that confers simultaneous protection against two genetically different PRRSV strains.

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Assessing diversity among traditional Greek and foreign eggplant cultivars using molecular markers and morphometrical descriptors

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2016144-9020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. e0710 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Antonios A. Augustinos ◽

Constantinos Petropoulos ◽

Vassiliki Karasoulou ◽

Fotios Bletsos ◽

Vasilis Papasotiropoulos

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Plant Material ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Vegetable Crop ◽

Morphological Descriptors ◽

Great Economic Importance ◽

Domestication Selection ◽

History Of

Eggplant is a widely cultivated vegetable crop of great economic importance. Its long lasting history of domestication, selection and breeding has led to the development of numerous cultivars with variable traits. In the present study, we assessed the diversity levels within and among eleven Greek and foreign cultivars, using 22 morphological descriptors and two different classes of molecular markers (retrotransposon microsatellite amplified polymorphism-REMAP markers and nuclear microsatellites). Our results, in accordance with other studies in the field showed: a) the limited levels of genetic polymorphism within the cultivars; b) the high morphological and genetic divergence existing among them as indicated by the genetic distance values calculated, which could be attributed to selection, inbreeding and bottleneck effects; and c) the lack of concordance among morphological descriptors and molecular markers. Despite these, our analysis showed that the utilization of combinations of markers is an effective method for the characterization of plant material providing also useful diagnostic tools for the identification and authentication of the selected Greek cultivars.

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Characterization of the City of Red Clay Apodi-RN

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.837 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 727-728 ◽

pp. 837-843 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Flanelson M. Monteiro ◽

Tércio G. Machado ◽

José Sousa ◽

Eiji Harima ◽

Samara M. Valcacer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Industry ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Linear Shrinkage ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Raw Material ◽

Red Clay ◽

Great Economic Importance ◽

The City

Ceramic products made from red clay to move the economy of Rio Grande do Norte. Among the most common ones are outstanding bricks, tiles and slabs in different sizes and shapes. In perspective to seek products with good quality in the ceramic industry, the characterization of the raw material is essential for obtaining an excite end product. The municipality of Apodi located in the Upper West Rio Grande do Norte has the ceramic industry as a sector of great economic importance in the site. However the absence of technology for characterization of the clays found in the region is the major problem for local entrepreneurs. The objective this study is to characterize the red clay one of the ceramics used by the municipality of Apodi-RN. The procedure will be done through the testing of Plasticity, Liquidity, linear shrinkage, absorption water, porosity, XRD and EDX.

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Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization of Meloidogyne spp. populations from Brazilian soybean production regions

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20160634 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Camilla Martins de Oliveira ◽

Ismail Teodoro Souza Junior ◽

Jerônimo Vieira de Araújo Filho ◽

Marcos Augusto de Freitas ◽

Mara Rúbia da Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Great Economic Importance ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Perineal Region ◽

Mixed Populations

ABSTRACT: Soybean is a commodity of great economic importance worldwide, particularly in Brazil, world’s second largest producer. Nematodes, especially those of the Meloidogyne genus, severely limit productivity. Identification of nematode species is important for effective soybean management. Here, 26 populations of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) from 15 municipalities in the states of Bahia, Mato Grosso, Goias, and Minas Gerais were characterized based on the morphology of the female perineal region, esterase profile, and identification based on amplification of specific regions of the population genome. Among the Meloidogyne spp. populations obtained, M. incognita and M. javanica, were identified. No mixed populations were present in the samples. Diagnosis based on molecular analysis was shown to be reliable and the fastest for characterization of nematode populations compared to other methods analyzed.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF YELLOW LATOSOLS (OXISOLS) OF SERRA DO QUILOMBO, IN PIAUÍ STATE SAVANNA WOODLANDS - BRAZIL

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n407rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 832-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ROSSANNA BARBOSA PRAGANA ◽

VALDOMIRO SEVERINO DE SOUZA JUNIOR ◽

REGIANA DOS SANTOS MOURA ◽

JORDÂNIA MEDEIROS SOARES

Keyword(s):

Soil Classification ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Native Vegetation ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Great Economic Importance ◽

Geological Formation ◽

Source Materials ◽

State Area

ABSTRACT The savanna woodlands of Piauí state has great economic importance since it is an area for agricultural expansion, being the fourth most important of Brazil and the first from Brazilian Northeastern. The area accounts for 5.9% of the Brazilian savanna woodlands and 36.9% of the Northeastern savanna, covering 46% of the Piauí state area, in a total of 11.5 million hectares. The goal of this research was to study pedoenvironments of Serra do Quilombo region, which is in Piauí state savanna, as well as identifying existing soil classes, according to the Brazilian System of Soil Classification - SiBCS. Soil identification consisted in characterizing soil profiles along a transect, assessing in-field conditions and collecting soil samples, in areas of native vegetation. The samples were gathered from three distinct points, being two at the edges and one at the center of the plateau. Soil analyses were carried out with samples collected from each horizon through trench digging up to a 2-m depth. Morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characterizations were performed for each soil profile, along with an evaluation of the effect of pedogenic factors on their formation and development. All soils under study were formed with source materials of the same geological formation; however, each rock has a distinct contribution to the process, involving sandstones and shales. The characteristics observed in the soil from Serra do Quilombo have no difference from the pattern found in the Brazilian plateaus, and soil profiles were classified as dystrophic clayey Yellow Latosols (Oxisols), according to the SiBCS.

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Schwingungsüberlagertes Axialformen/Superimposed Oscillated Axial Forming

wt Werkstattstechnik online ◽

10.37544/1436-4980-2020-11-12-102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 (11-12) ◽

pp. 838-843

Author(s):

Philipp Müller ◽

Bernd-Arno Behrens ◽

Sven Hübner ◽

Hendrik Vogt ◽

Daniel Rosenbusch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Quality ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Wird Eine ◽

Forming Force ◽

Forming Process ◽

Forming Technology ◽

Great Economic Importance ◽

Gear Geometry

Techniken zur Steigerung der Formgebungsgrenzen in der Umformtechnik sind von hoher wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Schwingungsüberlagerung im Krafthauptfluss eines Axialformprozesses zur Ausprägung einer Verzahnungsgeometrie untersucht. Die Auswirkungen der Schwingung auf die erzielbare Ausfüllung der Zahnkavitäten werden analysiert sowie die Parameter Schmierung und Oberflächengüte der Halbzeuge in ihrer kombinierten Wirkung untersucht. Es konnte eine Reduzierung der mittleren Umformkraft sowie eine Erhöhung der Formfüllung festgestellt werden. Techniques for extending the production limits in forming technology are of great economic importance. In this research, a superimposed oscillation in the main force flow of an axial forming process to form an axial gear geometry is investigated. The effects of the superimposed oscillation on the achievable form-filling of the tooth cavities are analyzed and the parameters lubrication and surface quality of the semi-finished products are investigated in their combined effect. A reduction of the averaged forming force as well as an increase of the form-filling could be achieved.

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