scholarly journals Assessing diversity among traditional Greek and foreign eggplant cultivars using molecular markers and morphometrical descriptors

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios A. Augustinos ◽  
Constantinos Petropoulos ◽  
Vassiliki Karasoulou ◽  
Fotios Bletsos ◽  
Vasilis Papasotiropoulos

Eggplant is a widely cultivated vegetable crop of great economic importance. Its long lasting history of domestication, selection and breeding has led to the development of numerous cultivars with variable traits. In the present study, we assessed the diversity levels within and among eleven Greek and foreign cultivars, using 22 morphological descriptors and two different classes of molecular markers (retrotransposon microsatellite amplified polymorphism-REMAP markers and nuclear microsatellites). Our results, in accordance with other studies in the field showed: a) the limited levels of genetic polymorphism within the cultivars; b) the high morphological and genetic divergence existing among them as indicated by the genetic distance values calculated, which could be attributed to selection, inbreeding and bottleneck effects; and c) the lack of concordance among morphological descriptors and molecular markers. Despite these, our analysis showed that the utilization of combinations of markers is an effective method for the characterization of plant material providing also useful diagnostic tools for the identification and authentication of the selected Greek cultivars.

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taís Fukuta Cruz ◽  
Thiago Neves Batista ◽  
Ester Mariane Vieira ◽  
Luiz Marcos Frediani Portela ◽  
Amanda Mahnke Baccarin ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Because Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a new species of the genus Circovirus, several issues related to its epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical disease remain unknown. Thus, this study aimed to perform the characterization of the first complete genome sequence of CanineCV detected in a dog with diarrhea in Brazil. A stool sample was collected of a ten-month-old female German Shepherd dog which had signs of intermittent hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, vomiting, and a history of eating raw pork. The complete CanineCV genome was sequenced by Next-Generation Sequencing. The sequence had 2,063 nucleotides, showed a typical genomic organization for circovirus, and was grouped with strain 214 described in the United States by phylogenetic analysis. One amino acid change was found in the replicase protein, and because of that it was considered unique to CanineCV. Therefore, the characterization of the complete genome of Brazilian CanineCV can be used in future studies of molecular epidemiology, pathogenesis and development of diagnostic tools for the prevention and control of this disease.


Author(s):  
Marta Adamiv ◽  
◽  
Mariana Ruda ◽  

The relations between Ukraine and Poland represent a long history of partnership and have a great economic importance for both countries. At the present stage, Poland is one of the largest international trade partners of our country. In the history of Ukraine's foreign trade during 2019-2020, Poland occupied second place in the structure of domestic exports. Thus, in 2020 the share of exports of Ukrainian goods to Poland was 6.65%. First of all, it means a change in the vector of foreign trade development for the national economy and the reorientation of Ukraine's export market to the European Union. In 2020, Poland also occupied one of the leading positions in the structure of Ukrainian imports of goods (4th place with a share of 7.62%). This situation leads to a significant increase in the load at checkpoints and causes the need to ensure prompt and efficient customs clearance of goods moving across the Ukrainian-Polish border. On the basis of the performed researches, significant differences in the levels of development of the customs services of Poland and Ukraine in terms of the quality of customs services have been established, as Ukraine lags far behind Poland in all the studied indicators in this area. Such situation requires the improvement of the work of Ukrainian customs authorities in the context of business internationalization, including the development of customs infrastructure in the area of the Ukrainian-Polish border. The key problems of customs service of enterprises at domestic checkpoints include long and costly customs procedures, lack of proper technical, road, information infrastructure at checkpoints, outdated technical instruments of customs control, etc. It is proved that in the conditions of business internationalization one of the key tasks should be the construction of new checkpoints and the development of the customs infrastructure of the existing checkpoints. The key strategically important checkpoints in the area of the Ukrainian-Polish border, which need to be modernized in order to increase their capacity, include road checkpoints "Korchova-Krakivets", "Dorokhusk-Yagodyn", "Medyka-Shehyni", as well as a railway checkpoint "Medyka-Mostyska". In addition, the importance of spreading the practice of construction of joint checkpoints, which allows to significantly speed up the process of customs services for businesses, was emphasized.


2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
A. ALLAM ◽  
M. TAMA

Varietal recognition is a key step for good management of genetic diversity. Indeed, the morphological description of certain organs, such as the leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, allow a more or less rapid and reliable identification of the varieties or cultivars. The culture of the pomegranate tree is very known in the valley of Oued Righ in the Algerian Southern, and it constitutes the main fruit species with a number of trees of 27.77 % of total number. The pomegranate tree is found in more than 84% of the farms of the region and its production is complementary of that of the dates. Unfortunately, no study has been realized on the characterization and the valorization of this species. To know and identify the varieties or the existing cultivars, we have undertaken a work of characterization of clones cultivated in the valley of Oued Righ. The plant material constituted by 13 clones of pomegranate tree stemming from various farms. The method of work consists in taking 20 fruits by tree for physico-chemical analyses in the laboratory. The results of analyses on sample of 13 clones described five cultivars, among which some present acceptable characters of fruit from a caliber point of view, contents in sugars and acidity. It shows that the naming of cultivars by the farmers based only on the acid taste of fruits "Hamad" or sweetened "Hlou" is not scientific and remain insufficient. Our results confirm the usefulness of morphological descriptors in the characterization of plant genetic resources. However, more clarification can be achieved by the undeniable contribution of molecular markers.


2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 837-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flanelson M. Monteiro ◽  
Tércio G. Machado ◽  
José Sousa ◽  
Eiji Harima ◽  
Samara M. Valcacer ◽  
...  

Ceramic products made from red clay to move the economy of Rio Grande do Norte. Among the most common ones are outstanding bricks, tiles and slabs in different sizes and shapes. In perspective to seek products with good quality in the ceramic industry, the characterization of the raw material is essential for obtaining an excite end product. The municipality of Apodi located in the Upper West Rio Grande do Norte has the ceramic industry as a sector of great economic importance in the site. However the absence of technology for characterization of the clays found in the region is the major problem for local entrepreneurs. The objective this study is to characterize the red clay one of the ceramics used by the municipality of Apodi-RN. The procedure will be done through the testing of Plasticity, Liquidity, linear shrinkage, absorption water, porosity, XRD and EDX.


OENO One ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Emilia Díaz-Losada ◽  
Sandra Cortés-Diéguez ◽  
Inmaculada Rodríguez-Torres ◽  
José Manuel Mirás-Avalos ◽  
Ignacio Orriols-Fernández ◽  
...  

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: This work contributes to the knowledge of the genetic diversity of <em>Vitis vinifera</em> L. with the characterization of the non-referenced cultivar ‘Albilla’ by ampelographic description and molecular markers. This will be useful for the preservation, identification and propagation of this cultivar in the future.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Six microsatellites (SSRs), 55 OIV (International Organisation of Vine and Wine) morphological descriptors and 45 phylometric traits were evaluated in two accessions of ‘Albilla’ preserved in the Germplasm Bank of EVEGA (Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia), Xunta de Galicia. Additionally, we set out to determine whether this cultivar was distinct from the yet uncharacterized ‘Albillo’ cultivars found in the Canary Islands. These methods allowed us to describe the cultivar known as ‘Albilla’ and to compare it with other homonym cultivars.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The ‘Albilla’ cultivar is different from other genotypes denominated ‘Albillo’ and any other genotype described until now. This may indicate that it could be an autochthonous cultivar from Galicia.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: The characterization of cultivars is still necessary in order to identify any homonyms or synonyms, develop measures for their conservation (germplasm collection) and evaluate their potential for producing quality wines.</p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Martins de Oliveira ◽  
Ismail Teodoro Souza Junior ◽  
Jerônimo Vieira de Araújo Filho ◽  
Marcos Augusto de Freitas ◽  
Mara Rúbia da Rocha ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Soybean is a commodity of great economic importance worldwide, particularly in Brazil, world’s second largest producer. Nematodes, especially those of the Meloidogyne genus, severely limit productivity. Identification of nematode species is important for effective soybean management. Here, 26 populations of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) from 15 municipalities in the states of Bahia, Mato Grosso, Goias, and Minas Gerais were characterized based on the morphology of the female perineal region, esterase profile, and identification based on amplification of specific regions of the population genome. Among the Meloidogyne spp. populations obtained, M. incognita and M. javanica, were identified. No mixed populations were present in the samples. Diagnosis based on molecular analysis was shown to be reliable and the fastest for characterization of nematode populations compared to other methods analyzed.


2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSSANNA BARBOSA PRAGANA ◽  
VALDOMIRO SEVERINO DE SOUZA JUNIOR ◽  
REGIANA DOS SANTOS MOURA ◽  
JORDÂNIA MEDEIROS SOARES

ABSTRACT The savanna woodlands of Piauí state has great economic importance since it is an area for agricultural expansion, being the fourth most important of Brazil and the first from Brazilian Northeastern. The area accounts for 5.9% of the Brazilian savanna woodlands and 36.9% of the Northeastern savanna, covering 46% of the Piauí state area, in a total of 11.5 million hectares. The goal of this research was to study pedoenvironments of Serra do Quilombo region, which is in Piauí state savanna, as well as identifying existing soil classes, according to the Brazilian System of Soil Classification - SiBCS. Soil identification consisted in characterizing soil profiles along a transect, assessing in-field conditions and collecting soil samples, in areas of native vegetation. The samples were gathered from three distinct points, being two at the edges and one at the center of the plateau. Soil analyses were carried out with samples collected from each horizon through trench digging up to a 2-m depth. Morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characterizations were performed for each soil profile, along with an evaluation of the effect of pedogenic factors on their formation and development. All soils under study were formed with source materials of the same geological formation; however, each rock has a distinct contribution to the process, involving sandstones and shales. The characteristics observed in the soil from Serra do Quilombo have no difference from the pattern found in the Brazilian plateaus, and soil profiles were classified as dystrophic clayey Yellow Latosols (Oxisols), according to the SiBCS.


2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
C. Vega ◽  
C. J. Hernández-Guerrero ◽  
J. A. Cruz-Barraza

Las esponjas (Phylum Porifera) constituyen uno de entre grupos y animales acuáticos más biodiversos y abundantes del planeta. En las últimas décadas han adquirido un creciente interés debido a su importancia evolutiva, ecológica y económica (e.g. biotecnológica). Además de estos aspectos, las esponjas también son interesantes desde el punto de vista biogeográfico, debido a que poseen adultos sésiles y larvas que en general presentan dispersión limitada, lo que permite estudiar la historia de su dispersión. Pese a su importancia, el conocimiento sobre sus patrones de distribución ha sido poco desarrollado. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo presentar el estado del conocimiento biogeográfico de los Porifera, así como dar a conocer un panorama actual de su situación en la región del Pacífico oriental. En general, la falta de un buen conocimiento faunístico de los poríferos en esta región, dificulta el establecimiento de sus relaciones biogeográficas. Durante los últimos años, se ha realizado una intensa campaña para ampliar el conocimiento taxonómico básico, sin embargo, el grado de avance aun no es suficiente, por lo que es importante continuar con el desarrollo de trabajos que aborden estudios faunísticos y los patrones de distribución de los poríferos. Sin duda, con la continuidad que se le está dando a esta labor, y la implementación de marcadores moleculares en la sistemática y biogeografía de los poríferos, en poco tiempo será posible utilizarlos dentro de modelos biogeográficos. Ello nos dará una mayor perspectiva de los patrones de distribución y especiación que ocurren en los océanos, y especialmente en la gran región geográfica del Pacífico oriental. Biogeography of marine sponges (Phylum Porifera); studies in the Eastern Pacific Sponges (Phylum Porifera) constitute one of the more diverse and abundant aquatic animal groups on the planet. In the last decades they have gained great interest due to their evolutionary, ecology and economic importance (e.g., biotechnology). Besides these features, sponges are of much interest to biogeography, because they have sessile adults and larvae with limited dispersal, which allows studying the history of their dispersal. Despite their importance, the knowledge about sponge distribution patterns remains poorly development. The goal of this review is to introduce the biogeography knowledge state, as well as give an actual panorama of their situation in the eastern Pacific. In general, lack of good knowledge about Porifera fauna in this region difficult to establish biogeographical relationships. During the last years an intense campaign has began in order to develop the basic taxonomic knowledge, however, the progress is not enough, there for it is important to continue the development of studies about the distribution patterns of Porifera. These investigations along with the implementation of molecular markers in the systematics and biogeography of Porifera, allow in the near future use the sponges within biogeographic models. This will give us greater insight about the patterns of distribution and speciation in the oceans, particularly in the geographical region of the eastern Pacific.


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