scholarly journals The Concept of “Community” in the Social Ontology of J.-L.Nancy and J. Agamben

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Prokhorov Evgeny A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Ontology ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Homo Sacer ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ontological Turn ◽  
The City

The article discusses new ontological approaches to the concept of “community” that appeared after the “ontological turn”. If ontotheology (metaphysics) in search of the foundation of the existing (society) takes the existing beyond the limits of the existing, then the new ontology (ontoheterology) based on new methodological premises asserts the difference of being, its multiplicity due to which the being is affirmed in its being. On the basis of new theoretical prerequisites, Nancy and Agamben create new concepts of “community” which are discussed in this article. For Nancy, “community” is, first of all, a shared coexistence of being, where each individual being is manifested in multiplicity. The unitary is singular and displayed in the display to the Other. In co-existence, individuals share the meaning of finite existence, but finiteness (death) is not completeness, it is an immeasurable responsibility for existence constituting a community. In constructing the ontology of the “community”, J. Agamben uses the concepts of dispositive, homo sacer, naked life, state of emergency, and messianic time. According to Agamben, modern society is in a state of emergency, where the rule and law are suspended. In this suspension, a person turns into a homo sacer, and his life turns into a vita sacra (naked life), the city becomes a camp. At the foundation of the coming community, Agamben believes that non-activity is rooted in the Messianic time, which overcoming violence and totality opens the way to a new form-life. Thus, the new concepts of the “community”, overcoming the traditional notions of society, eliminate any form of theoretical (and practical) totality, since they carry the multiple redundancy of social being. Keywords: community, being-together, singularity, dispositive, homo sacer, state of emergency

scholarly journals ІНКЛЮЗИВНЕ СУСПІЛЬСТВО: СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНІ ВИМІРИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. М. Роговський
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mutual Conversion ◽  
Inclusive Society ◽  
Main Attribute ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Selective Process

The article considers the forms of functioning and the peculiarities of the inclusive society. The details of the processes of inclusion-exclusion that together fulfill the selection in all the spheres of society are considered. The significant attention is given to the revealing of the specificity of selective process in the social and cultural and political spheres of society, that are related in a compensatory way between themselves: the predominance of the exclusion in one sphere is compensated by the inclusivity of the second sphere. There was identified a significant difference in the way of the selection in traditional, totalitarian and democratic societies. In the first one it is homogeneous and linear, in the second - open and heterogeneous with a possibility of goal and value changing, including (self)denial and the risks of instability. With P. Sorokin's work as an example the unity of the processes of inclusivity growth and the democratization of the education and of the society in general is shown. The main differences between the processes of inclusion, integration and exclusion, differentiation and the centered and centrifugal flows in society are shown. It is important that the processes of differentiation and integration are multiple and include both inclusive and exclusive aspects, that is a double effect and consequences. That is why the modern society is developing basing itself not only on the differentiation (according to N. Luhmann), but on the mobile balance and the regulation of the contradictory processes including differentiation-integration, ecxlusion-inclusion by means of «modalization» of the difference between them and the possibility of their mutual conversion and combination. The inclusivity facilitates bringing together, coordination of different subjects' activity and the integrative processes in general. These last ones are necessary for the solving of global problem of nowadays. The processes of selection and inclusion taking place in different spheres facilitate the transforming of the power and traditionally hierarchical structures into the democratic ones. The main forms of selection are shown: patterns, functionality, education, complexity. It is identified that the inclusivity is the main attribute and form of development of a democratic society.

scholarly journals On the Difference of the Approaches of Searle and Durkheim to the Description of Social Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
A. A. Sanzhenakov
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Ontology ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the comparison of the social ontology of John Searle with the social theory of Emile Durkheim. It was shown that the approaches of Searle and Durkheim have a number of similar features. These common features are the rejection of reductionism of the collective to the individual, attention to language as one of the most important conditions of the emergence of social reality, the recognition of unawareness and automatism in accepting the rules of social interaction by its participants. However, there are certainly differences between the conceptions of Searle and Durkheim, and therefore the possibility of influence of analytic philosophy represented by Searle on social theory is obvious. As the basis from which this discrepancy arises, the author points to the understanding of science and the level of objectivity of scientific research that have changed since by the time of Searle.

Montaigne’s Turn to Modern Philosophy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Hartle
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Political Subject ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Form

Montaigne’s turn to modern philosophy is the turn away from the contemplation of the Whole to the study of himself. He transforms Aristotelian contemplation into “sociable wisdom” by becoming a “new figure” of the philosopher, an “unpremeditated and accidental philosopher.” The new figure of the philosopher is the “social-Subject” (the counterpart of Machiavelli’s “political-Subject” and Descartes’s “epistemological-SSubject”). Montaigne’s invention of the essay is, at the same time, the invention of modern society, a new form of association that overcomes the ancient hierarchy of weak and strong, masters and slaves. The unpremeditated and accidental philosopher does not attain the good as his natural end; he produces the good as his own effect. Society, then, has a philosophical, not a natural, origin. Montaigne’s “originality” is to be this origin.

scholarly journals Between Life, the Curve and the Hammer Blow: Family, Poverty and Abandonment in the Time of COVID-19 in Lima, Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Suarez Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Social Welfare Programs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Hammer Blow

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic brought anxiety, contagion and death to Peru, which registered 288,477 cases after the first 100 days of the outbreak, leading to a state of emergency. The quarantine measures and mobility restrictions characterized as the “hammer blow” produced significant impacts on the most vulnerable and poor populations across the country. While the Peruvian government implemented a subsidy that augmented social welfare programs, unfortunately many poor families and independent workers were left out. The resulting impact of COVID-19 and the quarantine measures has exacerbated existing inequalities in Peruvian society, particularly along the lines of gender and class. This article uses extensive survey and other data from the city of Lima to analyze the social experience of the pandemic from the perspective of the family, the impact of the pandemic on the domestic economy and household management, and finally the dilemmas of care and routines within families.

scholarly journals Nonprofit Organization Develop Social Enterprise Business Model in Taiwan: A Case Study of Taiwan’s Large-Scale NPO

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Meng-Chueh Hsu ◽  
Shang-Yung Yen
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nonprofit Organization ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Organization Transformation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Enterprise Model ◽  
The Difference

Nonprofit organizations take important roles and functions in our modern society. However, because of the fierce competitions in market and the rapid social changes, nonprofit organizations are facing the same management issues with profit making organizations, such as financial difficulties or lack of resources. In this qualitative research, in order to discuss the issue about nonprofit organization transformation from the prospective of nonprofit management and organization transformation, we interviewed a large nonprofit organization in Taiwan, analyzed the results and provided case studies. We also considered about the social enterprise model to explain the concept between nonprofit organization and social enterprise. In our conclusion, we found that when nonprofit organization transformation took a place and changed the service model into the social enterprise model, the reasons are not limited to the management needs but included to provide the more appropriate services and working approaches. Therefore, the difference between the nonprofit organization and the social enterprise is clarified through this research.

scholarly journals Characteristics of traffic flows at roundabouts in the city of Banja Luka before and during COVID-19 crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Nemanja Garunovic ◽  
Vuk Bogdanović ◽  
Slavko Davidović ◽  
Valentina Mirović ◽  
Jelena Mitrović Simić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The City

COVID-19 pandemic caused many restrictive measures. Most of these measures were in the relationship with the restrictions of mobility which caused some differences in traffic flow demands. In this paper the comparative analysis of traffic flow characteristics at roundabouts in the City of Banja Luka was conducted. The analysis included two different states of traffic condition: the first one, normal condition before COVID-19 crisis, and the second one, during the state of emergency caused by the pandemic. The analysis shows the difference between some of motorized vehicle and pedestrian traffic flow parameters.

scholarly journals POLITIZACIÓN DEL HABITAR EN LA CIUDAD DE BARCELONA: PRÁCTICAS COTIDIANAS MIGRANTES FRENTE AL COVID-19.

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Ulises Bernardino Márquez Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

This article examines the “everyday practices” of the immigrant population of Barcelona in relation to the Covid-19 context during the first few months after the Spanish government declared a State of Emergency (Real Decreto 463/2020, March 14). The first section sets out the theoretical and methodological approach followed along with statistical information about the study population. It then goes on to investigate the “cultural practices” of the Red de Cuidados Antirracista, a network set up to help and support vulnerable migrants who live in Barcelona, also offering a brief discussion of other cases. Finally, it emphasizes the special relevance of everyday life in the social organization processes activated by migrants to cope with the pandemic, in particular how everyday life is expressed within specific practices in the city and the urban space, configuring a particular politicization of habitation.

scholarly journals Collective Intentionality

Philosophy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Jankovic ◽  
Kirk Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Social Ontology ◽  
Collective Intentionality ◽  
Group Agency ◽  
Intentional States ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ontological Question ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Action Intention

Collective intentionality concerns the intentionality of groups or collectives. Intentionality is the property of being about, directed at, oriented toward, or representing objects, events, properties, and states of affairs. Examples of intentional states (states with intentionality, not just intentions) are belief, desire, hope, intention, admiration, perception, guilt, love, grief, fear, and so on. Collective intentionality involves joint, shared, or group intentionality and the intentionality of members (qua members) of groups that have joint or shared attitudes. More broadly, the study of collective intentionality concerns forms of intentionality that underpin social reality. What is distinctive about the study of collective intentionality within the broader study of social interactions and structures is its focus on the conceptual, ontological, and psychological features of joint or shared actions and attitudes, that is, actions and attitudes of (or apparent attributions of such to) groups or collectives, their relations to individual actions and attitudes, and their implications for the nature of social groups and their functioning. It subsumes collective action, intention, thought, reasoning, emotion, phenomenology, decision-making, responsibility, knowledge, trust, rationality, cooperation, competition, and related issues, and how these underpin social practices, conventions, institutions, and social ontology. The two main theoretical questions in the study of collective intentionality concern the ontology and psychology of collective agency and collective attitudes. The main ontological question is whether we should admit into our ontology group subjects of intentional states or attribute intentionality only to their members. The main psychological questions are, if we admit group subjects of intentional states, first, how to understand what they come to, whether they are the same or different than the intentional states we attribute to individuals and if different exactly how, and, second, what is special about the attitudes of individuals who participate in group action or whose attitudes underpin attributions of intentionality to groups? More specifically, can we understand what is special about the attitudes of individuals who participate in group agency or sustain the potential for group agency in terms of concepts already available in our understanding of individual agency, or must we introduce new concepts either of the modes of intending, believing, etc., or in the contents of such attitudes? Both questions concern the debate between methodological individualists and holists about the social, the first with respect to its ontology, the second with respect to its ideology.

scholarly journals Characteristics of traffic flows at roundabouts in the city of Banja Luka before and during COVID-19 crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Nemanja Garunovic ◽  
Vuk Bogdanović ◽  
Slavko Davidović ◽  
Valentina Mirović ◽  
Jelena Mitrović Simić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The City

COVID-19 pandemic caused many restrictive measures. Most of these measures were in the relationship with the restrictions of mobility which caused some differences in traffic flow demands. In this paper the comparative analysis of traffic flow characteristics at roundabouts in the City of Banja Luka was conducted. The analysis included two different states of traffic condition: the first one, normal condition before COVID-19 crisis, and the second one, during the state of emergency caused by the pandemic. The analysis shows the difference between some of motorized vehicle and pedestrian traffic flow parameters.

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