UNDERGROUND MINING SYSTEMS: ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
G. Pirogov ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1787-1798
Author(s):  
S.N. Ayusheeva

Subject. This article assesses the effectiveness of the existing system of environmental management based on the user-pays principle in terms of reducing the negative impact on the environment. Objectives. The article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the anthropogenic impact on natural environment components and deficiency payments for pollution in the model areas of the Russian Federation. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of computational, comparative, systems, and structural analyses. Results. Based on the ecological rating of the Russian Federation subjects, the article defines model areas, assesses the degree of anthropogenic impact on the basis of pollution relative rates, and describes the particularities of environmental investment in the selected areas. Conclusions. The system of payments for pollution does not affect the economic behavior of economic entities.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Nizami Enver Novruzov ◽  
Sabina Nizami Bunyatova

Three species of amphibians and 21 species of reptiles were found on the investigated anthropogenically transformed territories of the eastern part of Azerbaijan, which was 32% of 75 species representing the herpetofauna of the republic as a whole. A consistent decrease in the abundance and index of species diversity was revealed with an increase in the degree of development of the territory and the level of anthropogenic impact. The ratio of species in anthropocoenosiss varied depending on the size of their areas. The recreational pressing has presumably less influence on the numbers, but more on the species diversity of amphibian and reptile. In less developed areas, their numbers increase due to the presence of background species. The effectiveness of adaptation of some species of amphibians and reptiles is apparently associated with an adequate response to environmental changes brought about by anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. As the research has shown, anthropogenic impacts contributed to the spread and growth of the numbers of 7 species (2 species of amphibians and 5 species of reptiles). For Absheron Peninsula and Gobustan, such species were Bufotes variabilis , Pelophylax ridibundus , Eremias velox , Cyrtopodion caspius , Emys orbicularis , Natrix tessellata , Macrovipera lebetina . During the period of research, all these species were observed practically in all anthropogenic landscapes and now can be considered promising synanthropes for the regions studied.


Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Dziuba ◽  

According to the V.I. Vernadsky law, chemical elements are distributed unevenly in natural objects. Knowledge of the content of chemical elements in a particular area helps in solving various environmental problems. As a result of economic activity, there occurs anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment, including changes in the geochemical properties of landscapes. For an objective assessment of the anthropogenic impact when studying various territories, it is necessary to take into account the background content of macro- and microelements. Since there is a constant anthropogenic impact on the natural environment, the data on background content must be updated. The article presents the results of the content study conducted for some macro- and microelements (Sr, Pb, As, Zn, Ni, Co, Fe2O3, MnO, Cr, V, TiO2) in landscapes in the Perm region. To determine the content of these elements, the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis was applied. As a result, the geochemical specialization of the region and its natural areas (Northern Urals, Western Urals, Middle Taiga, South Taiga, Mixed Coniferous-broad-leaved Forests and Kungur forest-steppe) was determined, geochemical series were constructed, accumulating and dispersing elements were identified. The local background content of the studied elements was determined for each natural area and also the Perm region as a whole. The data obtained can be used to assess the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-396
Author(s):  
Amr Mahmoud El Sheshtawy ◽  
Anatoly N. Limonov ◽  
Larisa A. Gavrilova ◽  
Mohamed A. Elshewy

At present, the results of photogrammetric processing of images obtained from UAVs (orthophoto mosaics, digital elevation models, etc.) are widely used for environmental studies. Such materials are especially relevant and in demand for environmental monitoring of hard-to-reach objects. In addition, UAV survey materials are indispensable for impact monitoring, in which observation, assessment and forecast of the state of the natural environment in areas where hazardous and potentially hazardous (NPP) sources of anthropogenic impact are located are carried out. Regardless of the method of georeferencing of images - direct or indirect - the accuracy of the generated product is evaluated by ground control points. The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of photogrammetric constructions depending on the number of strips when surveying linear objects from UAVs and on the number of control points used in indirect georeferencing. Five groups of experiments were carried out during the study, three in each group with a different number of strips (from one to three). Five groups are conventionally combined into two sections. In the first section, direct and indirect georeferencing techniques were used with three locally located control points. In the second section, the method of indirect georeferencing was used with a different number of ground control points: six, twelve and thirty-four. Estimates of the accuracy of various tests have shown that an increase in the number of strips does not always lead to an increase in accuracy.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Pyanov

В статье приведен обзор существующих и ныне использующихся методов, которые позволяют проводить исследования прибрежных акваторий, применительно к широкому кругу задач, а именно: экологических, геоморфологических, марикультурных, промышленных, общехозяйственных и т.д. Среди обозреваемых методов выделяются прямые наблюдения и анализ информации, полученной удалённо. Для принятия эффективных мер по улучшению экологической ситуации необходимо комплексное изучение основных факторов, определяющих динамику абиотической составляющей экосистемы, анализ ключевых механизмов самоочищения, скопления массовых видов продуцентов, а также разработка эффективной системы мониторинга состояния акватории. Помимо классического прямого водолазного исследования с помощью легководолазного снаряжения (SCUBA) рассматриваются методы исследования с использованием дистанционных телеуправляемых необитаемых подводных аппаратов (ТНПА), а также анализ спутниковых снимков и обследование посредством кабельной камеры. Актуальность подводных исследований морских ландшафтов обусловлена всё более нарастающим антропогенным воздействием на природную среду и необходимостью поиска максимально эффективного способа ведения природопользовательской деятельности, в том числе и в переходных геосистемах, например, на стыке наземной и водной среды. На данный момент вполне известным и обоснованным является тот факт, что максимальная продуктивность экосистемы наблюдается в прибрежной зоне морей и океанов, следовательно, и основная природопользовательская деятельность ведётся именно там. Подробное изучение, а также описание подводных ландшафтов является ключом к ведению рационального природопользования в морской среде. Долговременные наблюдения с помощью удалённо расположенных приборов позволяют накапливать и анализировать данные за десятилетия наблюдений и на основании их строить модели и прогнозы, связанные с будущими потенциальными опасностями природного характера, такими как цунами, красные приливы , ураганы, изменения русел рек и иных событий, влияющих на экосистемы. Результаты комплексных исследований подводных ландшафтов с применением всех методов, доступных исследователям, являются наиболее достоверными.This article provides an overview of existing and currently used methods that allow for the study of coastal waters, with reference to a wide range of tasks, namely: environmental, geomorphological, maricultural, industrial, general economic, etc. Among the observed methods, direct observations and analysis of information obtained remotely are distinguished. Among the observed methods, direct observations and analysis of information obtained remotely are distinguished. To take effective measures to improve the ecological situation, a comprehensive study of the main factors determining, first of all, the dynamics of the abiotic component of the ecosystem, the analysis of key selfcleaning mechanisms, the accumulation of mass species of producers, and the development of an effective system for monitoring the state of the water area are necessary. In addition to the classic direct diving research using light diving equipment (SCUBA), research methods using remote telecontrolled uninhabited underwater vehicles (ROV), as well as analysis of satellite images and examination using a cable camera are considered. The relevance of underwater studies of marine landscapes is due to the increasing anthropogenic impact on the natural environment and the need to find the most effective way to conduct nature management activities, including in transitional geosystems, for example, at the junction of terrestrial and aquatic environments. The relevance of underwater studies of marine landscapes is due to the increasing anthropogenic impact on the natural environment and the need to find the most effective way to conduct nature management activities, including in transitional geosystems, for example, at the junction of terrestrial and aquatic environments. At the moment, the fact that the maximum productivity of the ecosystem is observed in the coastal zone of the seas and oceans is quite wellknown and justified, therefore, the main natureuser activity is carried out there. A detailed study, as well as a description of underwater landscapes, is the key to rational nature management in the marine environment. Longterm observations using remotely located instruments make it possible to accumulate and analyze data from decades of observations and, based on them, build models and forecasts related to future potential natural hazards, such as tsunamis, red tides, hurricanes, changes in river channels and other events, affecting ecosystems. The results of comprehensive studies of underwater landscapes are the most reliable, only using all methods available to researchers.


Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Tutak ◽  
Jarosław Brodny

With regard to underground mining, methane is a gas that, on the one hand, poses a threat to the exploitation process and, on the other hand, creates an opportunity for economic development. As a result of coal exploitation, large amounts of coal enter the natural environment mainly through ventilation systems. Since methane is a greenhouse gas, its emission has a significant impact on global warming. Nevertheless, methane is also a high-energy gas that can be utilized as a very valuable energy resource. These different properties of methane prompted an analysis of both the current and the future states of methane emissions from coal seams, taking into account the possibilities of its use. For this reason, the following article presents the results of the study of methane emissions from Polish hard coal mines between 1993–2018 and their forecast until 2025. In order to predict methane emissions, research methodology was developed based on artificial neural networks and selected statistical methods. The multi-layer perceptron (MLP) network was used to make a prognostic model. The aim of the study was to develop a method to predict methane emissions and determine trends in terms of the amount of methane that may enter the natural environment in the coming years and the amount that can be used as a result of the methane drainage process. The methodology developed with the use of neural networks, the conducted research, and the findings constitute a new approach in the scope of both analysis and prediction of methane emissions from hard coal mines. The results obtained confirm that this methodology works well in mining practice and can also be successfully used in other industries to forecast greenhouse gas and other substance emissions.


2018 ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Elena Zaliznyak ◽  
Elena Ivantsova ◽  
Ekaterina Zaliznyak

The limitation of natural capital and the scale of anthropogenic impact on all components of the environment have led to the fact that modern society lives "in debt" in relation to the natural environment. In the result, experts note the high positions of threats to socio-economic development caused by air pollution. Nevertheless, despite the available data and indicators reflecting the dynamics of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment, in Russia, until recently there is a shortage of data and indicators on the greening of the economy, which characterise the effectiveness of state regulation in terms of environmental protection. The article considers modern trends in the sphere of ecological policy of Russia in the period 2012-2018 and identifies the main changes to environmental legislation. An analytical review of the basic documents of environmental policy in terms of air protection. At the first stage, a comparative analysis of goals, objectives and indicators was carried out, at the second stage, the achievement of planned indicators was assessed, and directions for their adjustment were proposed. Finally, the tasks and results of achievement of key indicators set in the fundamental documents of the state environmental policy can be a "measure" of the effectiveness of state regulation in this area.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Symes ◽  
Thalia Wheatley

AbstractAnselme & Güntürkün generate exciting new insights by integrating two disparate fields to explain why uncertain rewards produce strong motivational effects. Their conclusions are developed in a framework that assumes a random distribution of resources, uncommon in the natural environment. We argue that, by considering a realistically clumped spatiotemporal distribution of resources, their conclusions will be stronger and more complete.


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