scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF LOCAL BACKGROUND CONTENT OF SOME MACRO- AND MICROELEMENTS IN THE SOILS OF THE PERM REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Dziuba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Local Background ◽  
Background Content ◽  
Perm Region

According to the V.I. Vernadsky law, chemical elements are distributed unevenly in natural objects. Knowledge of the content of chemical elements in a particular area helps in solving various environmental problems. As a result of economic activity, there occurs anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment, including changes in the geochemical properties of landscapes. For an objective assessment of the anthropogenic impact when studying various territories, it is necessary to take into account the background content of macro- and microelements. Since there is a constant anthropogenic impact on the natural environment, the data on background content must be updated. The article presents the results of the content study conducted for some macro- and microelements (Sr, Pb, As, Zn, Ni, Co, Fe2O3, MnO, Cr, V, TiO2) in landscapes in the Perm region. To determine the content of these elements, the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis was applied. As a result, the geochemical specialization of the region and its natural areas (Northern Urals, Western Urals, Middle Taiga, South Taiga, Mixed Coniferous-broad-leaved Forests and Kungur forest-steppe) was determined, geochemical series were constructed, accumulating and dispersing elements were identified. The local background content of the studied elements was determined for each natural area and also the Perm region as a whole. The data obtained can be used to assess the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment.

scholarly journals NETWORK OF PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS IN THE PERM REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Buzmakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Northern Urals ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Perm Region

The paper considers the modern network of protected natural areas in the Perm region. The study determines the current status of the network and the priorities of its geographical formation; investigates representation of six natural areas in the network; identifies the role of protected areas in biodiversity conservation. Based on the regional method, the degree of the protected areas natural environment degradation has been established. The network of protected areas consists of 361 objects of federal, regional and local significance. The total area reaches 10.7% of the Perm region‘s territory. The main component of the network is represented by 257 protected areas of regional importance. In the region, 6 natural areas have been identified: middle taiga, southern taiga, mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, Kungur forest-steppe, Western Urals, Northern Urals. Theinternational level of the protected areas network development has only been achieved in the Northern Urals. The share of protected areas in the middle taiga is higher than the average Russian level; for mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, it is close to the average Russian level. The least protected are southern taiga (4.8%) and forest-steppe ecosystems (3.8%). The most disastrous is conservation of the natural environment of the Kungur forest-steppe. There is a very small number of forest-steppe areas suitable for creating full-fledged protected areas. 89 rare species of biota inhabit the protected areas. All mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates that are rare for the Perm region are covered with complete protection. Outside the network of protected areas, there are habitats of 7 species of birds, 21 species of angiosperms, 1 species of the fern-like, lycopods and lichen. On this basis, it is possible to develop territorial protection measures. The average environmental degradation of regional protected areas in the Perm region as a whole is 1.45 points. The degradation of protected areas is increasing in the series: middle taiga – Northern Urals – southern taiga – Western Urals – mixed coniferous-deciduous forests – Kungur forest-steppe.

A comparative analysis of the anthropogenic impact and user-pays principle availability in the model areas of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1787-1798
Author(s):  
S.N. Ayusheeva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Environmental Investment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Comparative Systems

Subject. This article assesses the effectiveness of the existing system of environmental management based on the user-pays principle in terms of reducing the negative impact on the environment. Objectives. The article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the anthropogenic impact on natural environment components and deficiency payments for pollution in the model areas of the Russian Federation. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of computational, comparative, systems, and structural analyses. Results. Based on the ecological rating of the Russian Federation subjects, the article defines model areas, assesses the degree of anthropogenic impact on the basis of pollution relative rates, and describes the particularities of environmental investment in the selected areas. Conclusions. The system of payments for pollution does not affect the economic behavior of economic entities.

The vegetation of the small rivers of Novosibirsk Region (a syntaxonomic essay)

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Kipriyanova ◽  
M. A. Kleshchev
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Wide Range

Information on the aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation of the major watercourses of West Siberia is relatively scarce, while this of small rivers is practically absent. There are 430 rivers whose length exceeds 10 km within the Novosibirsk Region. The aim of our work was to study the phytocenotic diversity of their aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation. 130 geobotanical relevés were performed by the authors in July–August 2003–2005. The object was aquatic communities formed by true aquatic (submergent and floating-leaved) plants and semiaquatic ones with emergent plants and these of water′s edge. In total 10 watercourses were studied (Table 1): 2–3 in each of five geomorphologic regions within the forest-steppe zone (Table 2). The upper, middle and lower courses (Fig. 1, Table 1) with the length of 2–2.5 km were studied in each case to ensure the 4–5 repetition of main elements (stream pools and ridges) that would give a reliable information on their flora and vegetation. The sample plots were selected above the settlements, whenever possible in sites with no to intensive anthropogenic impact. The data were collected according to J. Braun-Blanquet (1964) approach. The relevés were done on the sample plot of 100 m2 placed in the most homogeneous part of the community or, in case of its smaller area, within the natural boundaries. The following scale was used for abundance estimation: r — the species is extremely rare; + — rare, small cover; 1 — the number of individuals is large, the cover is small or individuals are sparse, but the cover is large; 2 —cover of 5–25 %; 3 — 26–50 %; 4 — 51–75 %; 5 — more than 75 %. The date on water depth, transparency (on a white Secchi disk with a diameter of 30 cm), temperature and the flow rate were obtained. The soil mechanical composition and color, the degree and nature of anthropogenic impact on vegetation and river banks were quantified. Water samples for general chemical analysis were taken in the middle course of each river. Computer programs TURBOVEG and MEGATAB (Hennekens, 1996) were used for database. The syntaxonomic affiliation of phytocenoses was determined using modern literature (Bobrov, Chemeris, 2006; Vegetace..., 2011; Chepinoga, 2015; Landucci et al. 2015; Mucina et al., 2016, etc.). 36 associations and 3 communities belonging to 12 alliances, 9 orders, and 5 classes have been identified (Tables 3–14, Fig. 2–9). Such great syntaxonomic diversity is determined by the significant ecotopic variety, the variability of substrates, the wide range of water flow rates and the different water trophicity. For comparison, 26 associations, 13 variants, 2 communities were identified in the study of 50 rivers of Lithuania (Sinkyavichene, 1992); altogether 84 associations are known for the Upper Volga region as a whole (Bob­rov, Chemeris, 2006), while 45 ones were recorded previously in 130 watercourses of this region (Bobrov, 1999). Information on small river macroalgae cenoses in the study area is partially reflected in the paper published earlier (Bobrov et al., 2005).

scholarly journals Problems of Formation of Ecological Networks for Environmental Safety of Odesa Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Victoria Yavorska ◽  
Kateryna Kolomiyets ◽  
Valentina Trigub ◽  
Ihor Hevko ◽  
Olexandra Chubrei
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ecological Networks ◽  
General Level ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Ecological Network ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Ecological Capacity ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

Currently, the concept of sustainable development of nature and society is gaining relevance, a key aspect of which is the development of the ecological network. In Ukraine, there is a regulatory framework for the formation of an ecological network of three levels - Pan-European, National and regional. One of the important problems is that in the developed schemes of regional eco-networks should be interconnected to the eco-networks of neighboring regions and countries. The main features of the ecological network of the Odesa region are due to its coastal position and location mainly in the Steppe, partly Forest-Steppe landscape zones. The region includes vast areas of coastal territories and coastal waters - coastal zones, which concentrate unique protected areas. Mandatory basis for the formation of ecological networks is land use. The proposed concept of geoplanning is based on planning developments of the main components of the territory: the natural environment; population; economic activity. The basic characteristics of the natural environment are the landscape map and physical and geographical zoning of the territory. Maps of resilience of the natural environment to man-caused load, natural and ecological potential of the territory, levels of ecological and economic balance have already been drawn up. This series of maps for the needs of planning the territory of Ukraine should be continued by project maps of national and regional ecological networks, as well as maps of ecological capacity of the territory for population settlement, various economic activities and the general level of economic development in general. For the needs of spatial planning it is necessary to emphasize the levels of anthropogenic and urban pressures on the natural environment in the settlement of the population. Allocation of water fund lands in kind and strict regulation of their use is the main prerequisite for the formation of ecological networks of Ukraine and its regions.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AGROCHEMICAL LOAD ON PLANT SUPPLY OF FOOD ELEMENTS AND YIELD OF MAIZE IN THE FOREST-STEPPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
N.M. Asanishvili ◽  
N.H. Buslaieva ◽  
S.L. Shliakhturova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Chemical Calculation ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
By Products

The article presents the results of research on the optimization of the supply of maize plants with the main nutrients under different agrochemical loads in the Forest-Steppe. The aim of the research was to establish the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and by-products of the predecessor as fertilizers on the supply of plants with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and corn yield. The research was carried out during 2016-2019 on dark gray wooded soil of the Forest-Steppe with the use of field, chemical, calculation-weight and mathematical-statistical methods. It were found that long-term growing of agricultural crops for 30 years under different agrochemical loading in crop rotation on dark gray wooded soil of the Forest-Steppe led to the creation of different agrochemical backgrounds. According to the results of soil and plant diagnostics, it has been established that nitrogen is the limiting nutrient for growing corn. In the variants with application of increased (N180P120K180) and high (N240P120K240) norms of mineral fertilizers against the background of by-products of the predecessor (winter wheat straw), where the highest yield of corn is formed - 11.21-12.10 t / ha, mobile phosphorus content 20 cm layer of soil was very high, mobile potassium - high, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen - very low. In these variants, maize plants in stages BBCH 16, 19 and 65 accumulated the optimal amount of nitrogen, and the content of phosphorus and potassium showed optimal and high supply during the growing season for the application of mineral fertilizers in the norms above N60P45K60.According to the results of correlation and regression analysis, the decisive role of nitrogen and potassium in the formation of corn productivity was confirmed. Mathematical models have been constructed that make it possible to predict the level of maize yield depending on the content of chemical elements in the soil and plants at the early stages of BBCH development.

scholarly journals Basic principles of reclaimed agricultural landscapes sustainability formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Vasilyev ◽  
◽  
A. N. Babichev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Irrigated Lands

Purpose: to establish the basic principles of the organization of reclamed agricultural landscapes and to substantiate the use of the agricultural landscape approach in the organization of the territory. Materials and Methods. When preparing this article, the materials of Russian scientists dealing with the issues of soil fertility conservation and ecological sustainability of reclaimed agricultural landscapes were considered. The methods used were analysis, generalization, synthesis and other methods of working with literary sources on this issue. Results. In performing the work, the main principles and indicators were determined, such as productivity, sustainability, the rule of transforming measures for the natural environment, optimization of the agricultural landscape, authenticity, principles of the formation of reclaimed agricultural landscapes, the complexity of the reclamation impact, the required diversity, the uniqueness of the reclamation impact. The basic requirements for the preservation of soil fertility of reclaimed irrigated agricultural landscape have been established. It was found that to maintain ecological balance within the irrigated agricultural landscape, it is necessary to adhere to the indicators of the reclamation load of the natural environment. The limits of agricultural lands saturation in reclaimed agricultural landscapes for various agro-climatic zones have been substantiated and recommended. Conclusions. It has been determined that the coefficient of reclamation loading of irrigated lands, showing the maximum share of irrigated lands that can be irrigated in a particular climatic zone, varies from 0.3 in the forest-steppe zone to 0.60–0.85 in the semi-desert and desert zone. This suggests that with an increase in moisture supply, this indicator decreases, the recommended amount of agricultural land in various agroclimatic zones varies from 30 to 87 %, while the area of arable land should not exceed 20–25 % in a very dry zone, and with an increase in moisture supply, it can increase up to 80 % in the semi-arid zone. The amount of irrigated land in the reclaimed agricultural landscape should not exceed 18–20 %. Irrigated meadows and pastures should account for 1–2 to 5–6 % of the area.

scholarly journals Response of Water Chemistry to Long-Term Human Activities in the Nested Catchments System of Subtropical Northeast India

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Prokop ◽  
Łukasz Wiejaczka ◽  
Hiambok Jones Syiemlieh ◽  
Rafał Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Element ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Stream Water Chemistry ◽  
The Tropics

The subtropics within the monsoonal range are distinguished by intensive human activity, which affects stream water chemistry. This paper aims to determine spatio-temporal variations and flowpaths of stream water chemical elements in a long-term anthropogenically-modified landscape, as well as to verify whether the water chemistry of a subtropical elevated shield has distinct features compared to other headwater areas in the tropics. It was hypothesized that small catchments with homogenous environmental conditions could assist in investigating the changes in ions and trace metals in various populations and land uses. Numerous physico-chemical parameters were measured, including temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), major ions, and trace metals. Chemical element concentrations were found to be low, with a total dissolved load (TDS) below 52 mg L−1. Statistical tests indicated an increase with significant differences in the chemical element concentration between sites and seasons along with increases of anthropogenic impact. Human influence was clearly visible in the case of cations (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+) and anions (Cl−, HCO3−, NO3−, SO42−), compared to trace metals. The order of most abundant metals Fe > Zn > Al > Sr was the same in springs and streams, regardless of population density, land use, and season. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that major ion concentrations in stream water followed the pattern forest < cultivated land < grassland < built-up area. Surface water chemistry of the subtropical elevated shield has mixed features of tropical and temperate zones. Low concentrations of chemical elements; small seasonal differences in headwater streams; and increased concentrations of NO3−, SO42−, DOC, and Zn in the wet monsoon season are similar to those observed in the tropics. The role of long-term cultivation without chemical fertilizers in ions supply to streams is less than in other headwater areas of the tropical zone. Strong control of water chemistry in densely populated built-up areas is analogous to both tropical and temperate regions. Population density or a built-up area may be used as a proxy for the reconstruction or prediction of the anthropogenic impact on stream water chemistry in similar subtropical elevated shields.

scholarly journals Holocene Environmental Changes Inferred From an Aeolian-Palaeosol-Lacustrine Profile in the Mu Us Desert, Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokang Liu ◽  
Ruijie Lu ◽  
Zhiyong Ding ◽  
Zhiqiang Lyu ◽  
Yijing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mu Us Desert ◽  
Average Grain Size

An excavated profile of aeolian-palaeosol-lacustrine sediments (the Wapianliang profile), located at the southeastern part of the Mu Us Desert, Northern China, was studied to reconstruct regional Holocene environmental changes. A chronology was established based on three AMS 14C and two OSL dates, and variations in the lithology and grain size, magnetic susceptibility, soil micromorphology, and chemical elements were used to explore the regional depositional environments during the Holocene. The results showed that since around 14 ka BP, this region had experienced seven alternations of wetting and drying. A shallow lake, which was identified by celadon lacustrine sediments with sporadic freshwater gastropod fossils, occurred in this area from around 13.0 ka BP to 9.9 ka BP. There existed two obvious intervals of soil formation, inferred from the environmental proxies of the palaeosol/sandy palaeosol layers, with relatively fine average grain-size, high magnetic susceptibility value, remarkable pedogenesis features, and strong chemical weathering, in particular, a well-developed palaeosol layer dating from the middle Holocene (8.6 ka BP to 4.2 ka BP). A weakly-developed palaeosol layer (from around 1.2 ka BP) at the upper part of the profile is possibly an indication of the Medieval Warm Period. This implies a forest steppe environment at both of these sedimentary stages. After 0.9 ka BP, a desert environment returned, analogous to before around 13.0 ± 1.4 ka BP, between 9.9 ± 1.1 ka BP to 8.6 ka BP, and between 4.2 ka BP to 1.6 ka BP, indicating the aggravation of aeolian activity and the expansion of mobile sand dunes. The variations in sedimentary environments were mainly triggered by changes in the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM).

scholarly journals The genus Teilingia Bourrelly in waterbodies of West Siberia (Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00085
Author(s):  
Yury V. Naumenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Zones And Subzones

The data on the species diversity of representatives of the genus Teilingia Bourrelly are summarized. from the water bodies of Western Siberia, their distribution by zones and subzones. To date, 4 species and intraspecific taxa from the order Desmidiales are known for the region. Representatives of this family are found mosaically throughout the entire territory of Western Siberia. The largest number of taxa (3) was found in the middle taiga, in the tundra – two species. No species were found in the Irtysh floodplain, forest tundra, northern taiga, forest-steppe and steppe zones. In watercourses, including the Ob and Irtysh, as well as in lakes of different types, 3 taxa were identified, respectively. One species was found in swamps and in temporary reservoirs.

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