TERMINAL BALLISTICS STUDIES

1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. DENINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Terminal Ballistics

Numerical Analysis of Kinetic Energy Projectile Sabot Structure Influencing the Armour Penetration Depth. Part I - Projectile Basic Option

2021 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-48
Author(s):  
Tomasz Błaszczak ◽  
Mariusz Magier
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Terminal Ballistics ◽  
Potential Development

A numerical analysis over influence of kinetic energy projectile sabot structure on the armour depth penetration is presented in the paper. The analysis has identified an influence of sabot different materials into projectile combat performance, and some areas of sabot structure where its shape can be optimised. The finite element method in Solidworks Simulation environment was used in analysis. Due to it the dynamical loads of the sabot at the time of firing could be investi-gated. The influence of sabot different materials and projectile geometry modifications on the strength of penetrator sabot joining was studied. A pattern of dynamical loads for the penetrator sabot joining was simulated and visualised. For selected options of the structure the calculations were performed over the terminal ballistics. It allowed an identification of potential development trends for this brand of ammunition.

Field testing and probabilistic assessment of ballistic penetration of steel plates for small calibre military ammunition

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G Stewart ◽  
Brianna Dorrough ◽  
Michael D Netherton
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Probabilistic Assessment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Terminal Ballistics

The penetration of projectiles into semi-infinite targets helps in the understanding and modelling of terminal ballistics. The article describes field test results of 5.56×45 mm F1 Ball and 7.62×51 mm M80 Ball ammunition. The targets were 25-mm-thick mild and high strength steel plates of Grade 250 MPa and 350 MPa, respectively. The tests recorded penetration depth, muzzle and impact velocities, and bullet mass. Despite its smaller calibre, the 5.56 mm × 45 mm F1 Ball ammunition recorded deeper penetrations than the larger calibre 7.62 mm × 51 mm M80 Ball ammunition. This is due to the 5.56 mm ammunition comprising a hardened steel penetrator and lead core, whereas the 7.62 mm ammunition comprised only a lead core. Multiple shots were fired for each type of munition. The coefficient of variation of steel penetration is approximately 0.10 and 0.03 for 5.56 mm and 7.62 mm rounds, respectively. The article also presents predictive models of steel penetration depth and compares these to the field test results.

Analysis on Perforation of Ductile Metallic Plates by APM2 Bullets

2013 ◽  
Vol 535-536 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Xiao Wei Chen ◽  
Y.B. Gao ◽  
L.L. He
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Thick Target ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Inertia Effect ◽  
Target Plate ◽  
Terminal Ballistics ◽  
Steel Core ◽  
Hard Steel ◽  
Aluminum Armor Plates ◽  
Metallic Target

By employing the theoretical model of a rigid sharp-nosed projectile perforating the ductile metallic target plate, the present paper re-analyzes the previously published experimental data of APM2 bullet and its hard steel core perforating aluminum armor plates and high-strength steel plates, respectively. Although the bullet deforms during the perforation, the test confirms that the hard steel core dominates in the perforation but the brass jacket, lead cap and end cap only have limited influence on the ballistics. Therein the perforation model of a rigid sharp-nosed projectile may be conducted to analyze the perforation of APM2 bullet. With increasing the thickness of ductile metallic target plate, the inertia effect of target will arise and obviously affect the terminal ballistics. The inertia effect of target must be considered in the scenario of thick target plate.

scholarly journals Axial Force Coefficient of APFSDS Projectile

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ammar Trakic
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Force Coefficient ◽  
Terminal Ballistics ◽  
High Impact Velocity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Armor-piercing ammunition is primarily used to combat against heavy armored targets (tanks), but targets can be light armored vehicles, aircraft, warehouse, structures, etc. It has been shown that the most effective type of anti-tank ammunition in the world is the APFSDS ammunition (Armor Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot). The APFSDS projectile flies to the target and with his kinetic energy acts on the target, that is, penetrates through armor and disables the tank and his crew. Since the projectile destroys target with his kinetic energy, then it is necessary for the projectile to have the high impact velocity. The decrease in the velocity of a projectile, during flight, is mainly influenced by aerodynamic forces. The most dominant is the axial force due to the laid trajectory of the projectile. By knowing the axial force (axial force coefficient), it is possible to predict the impact velocity of the projectile, by external ballistic calculation, in function of the distance of the target, and to define the maximum effective range from the aspect of terminal ballistics. In this paper two models will be presented for predicting axial force (the axial force coefficient) of an APFSDS projectile after discarding sabot. The first model is defined in STANAG 4655 Ed.1. This model is used to predict the axial force coefficient for all types of conventional projectiles. The second model for predicting the axial force coefficient of an APFSDS projectile, which is presented in the paper, is the CFD-model (Computed Fluid Dynamics).

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