Alien forest insect pests revealed in the Northwest Caucasus in 2010–2016 and consequences of their uncontrolled dispersal

Author(s):  
В.И. Щуров ◽  
А.С. Бондаренко ◽  
М.М. Скворцов ◽  
А.В. Щурова

Северо-Западный Кавказ отличается наиболее высоким инвазионным давлением из всех приграничных регионов России. Этому способствует его южное положение, разнообразие экосистем, а также крупные порты, объединяемые обширной транспортной инфраструктурой. С 2000 г. здесь обнаружены популяции более 30 чужеродных видов фитофильных насекомых, связанных с деревьями и кустарниками. В 2010–2016 гг. появилось не менее 15 таких вселенцев. В настоящее время последствия жизнедеятельности трех из них наиболее ощутимы в аборигенных лесных сообществах российского Кавказа. Восточноазиатская огнёвка Cydalima perspectalis с 2012 г. является причиной вымирания самшита Buxus colchica в долинах рек Черноморского побережья, а также расселяется в степную зону региона. В 2015 г. в Краснодарский край проник североамериканский клоп-полифаг Corythucha arcuata, заняв около 2 млн га и повредив дубовые леса на площади более 300 тыс. га. В этот же период в охраняемые колхидские леса под Сочи попала карантинная восточноазиатская орехотворка Dryocosmus kuriphilus, угрожающая семенному возобновлению Castanea sativa. Появление подобных пришельцев приводит к необходимости изучения и прогнозирования долговременных последствий трансформации лесных экосистем, осваиваемых инвазивными видами насекомых, в том числе, с позиции сохранения исконного биоразнообразия Кавказа. The Northwest Caucasus is the most prominent among all border regions of Russia for the highest invasive pressure. It is facilitated by the southernmost geographic position, ecosystem diversity, and also by the presence of large sea ports joined by extensive transport infrastructure that provides high traffic. Since year 2000, populations of more than 30 alien phytophilous species of insects interrelated associated with arboreous and shrubby vegetation have been recorded in the region. Not less than 15 species of such invaders were registered in 2010–2016. Currently, consequences of the activity of three of these species have most significant impact on the native forest communities of the Russian Caucasus. Since 2012, the box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis, causes Buxus colchica extinction in the valleys of the Black Sea coast rivers, and it has also dispersed into the steppe zone of the region. The oak lace bug, Corythucha arcuata, a North American polyphagous pest, appeared in Krasnodar Province in 2015 and now occupies about 2 million hectares. It has severely damaged the oak forests on more than 300 thousand hectares. Simultaneously in 2013–2014 a quarantine pest, Oriental chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, invaded chestnut forests near Sochi, threatening efficiency of seed regeneration of Castanea sativa. Appearance of such pests requires an attention to the question of efficiency of control of transit of the biological materials through the southern borders of Russia.

Author(s):  
Enrico Marcolin ◽  
Mario Pividori ◽  
Fernanda Colombari ◽  
Maria Chiara Manetti ◽  
Francesco Pelleri ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimet S. GENÇER ◽  
Cevriye MERT

The Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus is a global pest of chestnut (Castanea spp.). It has been spreading in Turkey’s forests and orchards since 2014. This pest imposes a big threat to the Turkish chestnut industry, which is among the top producers in the world. Its gall morphology has been related to pest pressure and host cultivar, thus eventually modulating plant damage with heavy impact on growth and fruit production. We compared gall characters (position on plant organ, ratios, dimensions, volumes, number of larval chambers) in wild Castanea sativa, two local cultivars and a Euro Japanese hybrid. Overall, leaf galls were more common (55.36%), followed by the stem (19.6%) and leaf stipule galls (15.29%). The mean number of chamber and volume value of gall types were 1.52-5.93 and 0.43-2.15 cm3, respectively. The highest values were observed in ‘stem gall’. The more gall formation was observed in the wild chestnut trees and ‘Marigoule’ than the other local varieties.


2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pástor Michal ◽  
Juhásová Gabriela ◽  
Juhás Dušan ◽  
Bakay Ladislav ◽  
Kollár Ján ◽  
...  

During 2014–2016, damage by the oriental chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) was found on sweet chestnut trees at 4 localities in Slovakia. Dryocosmus kuriphilus is a specific plant pest on Castanea spp. In Europe it is considered as the most harmful insect pest on Castanea sativa. It is the first report of the oriental chestnut gall wasp occurrence on chestnut trees in Slovakia.


2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca VOLLMEIER ◽  
Gregor OSTERC ◽  
Zlata LUTHAR

<p>European sweet chestnut (<em>Castanea sativa</em> Mill.) is one of the most important wood species due to its environmental and economic role in many agro-forestry systems. Chestnut gall wasp (<em>Dryocosmus kuriphilus </em>Yasumatsu, 1951) is currently the most dangerous pest of sweet chestnut, including in Slovenia. Attack on vegetative buds (in which the eggs are deposited and on which galls are subsequently formed) disturbs the growth of shoots and reduces the yield. In the event of a strong attack, the tree can weaken and decay, which is already noticeable on the ground in Slovenia, especially in terms of the monitored genetic resources of the chestnut tree. Following Japanese experience, European countries are increasingly choosing biological control of chestnut gall wasp with the torymid wasp (<em>Torymus sinensis</em> Kamijo, 1982). Micropropagation is a way of ensuring effective preservation and reproduction while optimizing all phases of work. In the micropropagation of Slovenian sweet chestnut genetic resources, problems arise in the rooting phase.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4066
Author(s):  
Spiridon Mantzoukas ◽  
Ioannis Lagogiannis ◽  
Aristeidis Ntoukas ◽  
George T. Tziros ◽  
Konstantinos Poulas ◽  
...  

Gnomoniopsis castaneae is the cause of the chestnut brown rot but has been also regarded as an important mortality factor for the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. The question to whether G. castaneae could serve as a natural biocontrol agent against insect pests is investigated in the present study. We used three serious insect pests as experimental model insects: Plodia interpuctella and Trogoderma granarium, which are important pests of stored products, and Myzus persicae, a cosmopolitan, serious pest of annual and perennial crop plants. Although chemical pesticides represent effective control means, they are also related to several environmental and health risks. In search for alternative pest management methods, scientific interest has been focused, inter alia, on the use of entomopathogenic fungi. While Isaria fumosorosea has long been recognized as an effective control agent against several pests, G.castaneae has been very little studied. The present study examined whether and to what extent G. castaneae and I. fumosorosea exhibit insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larvae of P. interpunctella and T. granarium and adults of M. persicae. Mortality was examined in interrelation with dosage and time exposure intervals. Both fungi exhibited pesticidal action. However, G. castaneae induced noteworthy mortality only at very high doses. In general, we concluded that G. castaneae failed to cause high insect pathogenicity at normal doses and may not be an efficient biocontrol agent compared with other entomopathogens. On the other hand, our study reiterates the pathogenic potential of I. fumosorosea. More studies are needed to further our insight into the potential of EF species as a component of IPM.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Teresa Wekesa ◽  
Nelson H. Wawire ◽  
George Kosimbei

Kenya’s foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows as a percentage of GDP have been increasing negligibly over the last 4 years, increasing from 0.4 per cent in 2010 to 0.9 per cent in 2013. And yet evidence shows that quality infrastructure lowers the cost of doing business and thus attracts FDI. Kenya has visible signs of infrastructure inadequacy and inefficiencies despite the fact that since the year 2000, there has been increased budgetary allocation to the infrastructure sector. This study, therefore, sought to determine the effects of transport, energy, communication and water and waste infrastructure development on FDI inflows in Kenya. The study used annual time series data sourced from Central Bank of Kenya, World Bank and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Using multiple regression analysis, it was established that improved transport infrastructure, communication infrastructure, water and waste infrastructure, exchange rate, economic growth and trade openness are important determinants of FDI inflows into Kenya. Hence, for Kenya to attract more FDI, continued infrastructural development is key since quality infrastructure affords investors a conducive investment climate in which to operate.


2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacinto S. Germinara ◽  
Antonio De Cristofaro ◽  
Giuseppe Rotundo

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Yang ◽  
Yu Hui ◽  
Daohong Zhu ◽  
Yang Zeng ◽  
Lvquan Zhao ◽  
...  

Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) induces galls on chestnut trees, which results in massive yield losses worldwide. Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) is a host-specific parasitoid that phenologically synchronizes with D. kuriphilus. Bacteria play important roles in the life cycle of galling insects. The aim of this research is to investigate the bacterial communities and predominant bacteria of D. kuriphilus, T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and the galled twigs of Castanea mollissima. We sequenced the V5–V7 region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA in D. kuriphilus, T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and galled twigs using high-throughput sequencing for the first time. We provide the first evidence that D. kuriphilus shares most bacterial species with T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and galled twigs. The predominant bacteria of D. kuriphilus are Serratia sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Furthermore, the bacterial community structures of D. kuriphilus and T. sinensis clearly differ from those of the other groups. Many species of the Serratia and Pseudomonas genera are plant pathogenic bacteria, and we suggest that D. kuriphilus may be a potential vector of plant pathogens. Furthermore, a total of 111 bacteria are common to D. kuriphilus adults, T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and galled twigs, and we suggest that the bacteria may transmit horizontally among D. kuriphilus, T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and galled twigs on the basis of their ecological associations.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document