scholarly journals Preservation of sweet chestnut genetic resources (Castanea sativa Mill.) against attack by chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951)

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca VOLLMEIER ◽  
Gregor OSTERC ◽  
Zlata LUTHAR
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Japanese Experience ◽  
Torymus Sinensis ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Agro Forestry

<p>European sweet chestnut (<em>Castanea sativa</em> Mill.) is one of the most important wood species due to its environmental and economic role in many agro-forestry systems. Chestnut gall wasp (<em>Dryocosmus kuriphilus </em>Yasumatsu, 1951) is currently the most dangerous pest of sweet chestnut, including in Slovenia. Attack on vegetative buds (in which the eggs are deposited and on which galls are subsequently formed) disturbs the growth of shoots and reduces the yield. In the event of a strong attack, the tree can weaken and decay, which is already noticeable on the ground in Slovenia, especially in terms of the monitored genetic resources of the chestnut tree. Following Japanese experience, European countries are increasingly choosing biological control of chestnut gall wasp with the torymid wasp (<em>Torymus sinensis</em> Kamijo, 1982). Micropropagation is a way of ensuring effective preservation and reproduction while optimizing all phases of work. In the micropropagation of Slovenian sweet chestnut genetic resources, problems arise in the rooting phase.</p>

scholarly journals Occurrence of oriental chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in Slovakia – short communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pástor Michal ◽  
Juhásová Gabriela ◽  
Juhás Dušan ◽  
Bakay Ladislav ◽  
Kollár Ján ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Harmful Insect

During 2014–2016, damage by the oriental chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) was found on sweet chestnut trees at 4 localities in Slovakia. Dryocosmus kuriphilus is a specific plant pest on Castanea spp. In Europe it is considered as the most harmful insect pest on Castanea sativa. It is the first report of the oriental chestnut gall wasp occurrence on chestnut trees in Slovakia.

Impact of the Asian gall wasp ( Dryocosmus kuriphilus ) on the radial growth of the European chestnut ( Castanea sativa ).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Marcolin ◽  
Mario Pividori ◽  
Fernanda Colombari ◽  
Maria Chiara Manetti ◽  
Francesco Pelleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
European Chestnut

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Flower Development in Castanea Sativa Mill.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1538
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Alhinho ◽  
Miguel Jesus Nunes Ramos ◽  
Sofia Alves ◽  
Margarida Rocheta ◽  
Leonor Morais-Cecílio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Tree ◽  
Abcde Model ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Female Flowers

The sweet chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) is one of the most significant Mediterranean tree species, being an important natural resource for the wood and fruit industries. It is a monoecious species, presenting unisexual male catkins and bisexual catkins, with the latter having distinct male and female flowers. Despite the importance of the sweet chestnut tree, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the determination of sexual organ identity. Thus, the study of how the different flowers of C. sativa develop is fundamental to understand the reproductive success of this species and the impact of flower phenology on its productivity. In this study, a C. sativa de novo transcriptome was assembled and the homologous genes to those of the ABCDE model for floral organ identity were identified. Expression analysis showed that the C. sativa B- and C-class genes are differentially expressed in the male flowers and female flowers. Yeast two-hybrid analysis also suggested that changes in the canonical ABCDE protein–protein interactions may underlie the mechanisms necessary to the development of separate male and female flowers, as reported for the monoecious Fagaceae Quercus suber. The results here depicted constitute a step towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in unisexual flower development in C. sativa, also suggesting that the ABCDE model for flower organ identity may be molecularly conserved in the predominantly monoecious Fagaceae family.

scholarly journals The Diversity of Bacteria Associated with the Invasive Gall Wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus, Its Galls and a Specialist Parasitoid on Chestnuts

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Yang ◽  
Yu Hui ◽  
Daohong Zhu ◽  
Yang Zeng ◽  
Lvquan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Torymus Sinensis ◽  
Galling Insects ◽  
First Time

Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) induces galls on chestnut trees, which results in massive yield losses worldwide. Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) is a host-specific parasitoid that phenologically synchronizes with D. kuriphilus. Bacteria play important roles in the life cycle of galling insects. The aim of this research is to investigate the bacterial communities and predominant bacteria of D. kuriphilus, T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and the galled twigs of Castanea mollissima. We sequenced the V5–V7 region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA in D. kuriphilus, T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and galled twigs using high-throughput sequencing for the first time. We provide the first evidence that D. kuriphilus shares most bacterial species with T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and galled twigs. The predominant bacteria of D. kuriphilus are Serratia sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Furthermore, the bacterial community structures of D. kuriphilus and T. sinensis clearly differ from those of the other groups. Many species of the Serratia and Pseudomonas genera are plant pathogenic bacteria, and we suggest that D. kuriphilus may be a potential vector of plant pathogens. Furthermore, a total of 111 bacteria are common to D. kuriphilus adults, T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and galled twigs, and we suggest that the bacteria may transmit horizontally among D. kuriphilus, T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and galled twigs on the basis of their ecological associations.

scholarly journals Biocultural diversity of common walnut ( Juglans regia L.) and sweet chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.) across Eurasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 11192-11216
Author(s):  
Paola Pollegioni ◽  
Stefano Del Lungo ◽  
Ruth Müller ◽  
Keith E. Woeste ◽  
Francesca Chiocchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Biocultural Diversity ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Common Walnut

scholarly journals Hydrolyzable Tannins from Sweet Chestnut Fractions Obtained by a Sustainable and Eco-friendly Industrial Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Campo ◽  
Patrizia Pinelli ◽  
Annalisa Romani
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Test Range ◽  
Hydrolyzable Tannins ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill

Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.) wood extracts, rich in Hydrolyzable Tannins (HTs), are traditionally used in the tanning and textile industries, but recent studies suggest additional uses. The aim of this work is the HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS characterization of Sweet Chestnut aqueous extracts and fractions obtained through a membrane separation technology system without using other solvents, and the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiradical activities. Total tannins range between 2.7 and 138.4 mM; gallic acid ranges between 6% and 100%; castalagin and vescalagin range between 0% and 40%. Gallic Acid Equivalents, measured with the Folin-Ciocalteu test, range between 0.067 and 56.99g/100g extract weight; ORAC test results for the marketed fractions are 450.4 and 3050 μmol/g Trolox Equivalents/extract weight. EC50 values, measured with the DPPH test, range between 0.444 and 2.399 μM. These results suggest a new ecofriendly and economically sustainable method for obtaining chestnut fractions with differentiated, stable and reproducible chemical compositions. Such fractions can be marketed for innovative uses in several sectors.

scholarly journals Laboratory germination testing of the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) according to ISTA rules

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 469-477
Author(s):  
Damird Drvodelić ◽  
Igor Poljak ◽  
Marilena Idžojtić ◽  
Ivana Zegnal ◽  
Katarina Tumpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Seed Testing ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill

U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja laboratorijske klijavosti i morfoloških značajki klijanaca europskoga pitomoga kestena (Castanea sativa Mill.). Uzorci za istraživanja sakupljeni su u submediteranskom području Hrvatske, a radni uzorak za ispitivanje klijavosti iznosio je 8×25 sjemenki. Sjeme je do ispitivanja klijavosti čuvano tri mjeseca u hladnjaku na temperaturi od 3 °C. Postotak laboratorijske klijavosti utvrđen je prema postotku pravilnih klijanaca koji su normalno proklijali nakon 27 dana ispitivanja. Ispitivanje je provedeno u laboratoriju prema uvjetima koje propisuje ISTA (International Seed Testing Association). Izrađen je katalog sa slikama i opisom nepravilnih klijanaca. Na osnovi definiranih kodova nepravilnih klijanaca moguće je preventivno djelovati kako bi se reducirale nepoželjne jedinke. Rezultati ovog istraživanja od velike su koristi za razumijevanje složenoga procesa klijanja sjemena, kako u laboratoriju, tako i šumskim rasadnicima.

scholarly journals Studies on the Gall Characteristics of Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Chestnut Genotypes in Yalova and Bursa Provinces of Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimet S. GENÇER ◽  
Cevriye MERT
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean

The Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus is a global pest of chestnut (Castanea spp.). It has been spreading in Turkey’s forests and orchards since 2014. This pest imposes a big threat to the Turkish chestnut industry, which is among the top producers in the world. Its gall morphology has been related to pest pressure and host cultivar, thus eventually modulating plant damage with heavy impact on growth and fruit production. We compared gall characters (position on plant organ, ratios, dimensions, volumes, number of larval chambers) in wild Castanea sativa, two local cultivars and a Euro Japanese hybrid. Overall, leaf galls were more common (55.36%), followed by the stem (19.6%) and leaf stipule galls (15.29%). The mean number of chamber and volume value of gall types were 1.52-5.93 and 0.43-2.15 cm3, respectively. The highest values were observed in ‘stem gall’. The more gall formation was observed in the wild chestnut trees and ‘Marigoule’ than the other local varieties.

scholarly journals Genotypic Characterization of Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) After Its Introduction in Tuscany (Italy) for the Biological Control of Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambra Viviani ◽  
Rodolfo Bernardi ◽  
Andrea Cavallini ◽  
Elisabetta Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Torymus Sinensis ◽  
The World

Abstract Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) is an alien parasitoid that is used in many areas of the world for biological control the Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). In Italy, this parasitoid was imported from Japan in 2003 and subsequently multiplied and released throughout the country. In this study, a phylogenetic investigation was carried out on insects from three different sites in northern Tuscany (Italy). Moreover, the possible hybridization between T. sinensis and some native Torymus species was evaluated. The conserved region 18S rRNA gene and the hypervariable ITS2 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 2) region of the ribosomal cistrone were selected as molecular markers. Sequencing the amplified products, after cloning, ruled out any hybridization between T. sinensis and the native Torymus species, and also confirmed the presence of two haplotypes for the Tuscan population of T. sinensis both for the region of the 18S rRNA gene as well as for the ITS2 region. These results confirm that the environmental impact of the alien parasitoid T. sinensis in the study site is acceptable, although an extensive and repeated monitoring would be desirable.

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