INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES OF SOCIAL SECTOR: EXPERIENCE OF THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S ELDERLY EDUCATION SYSTEM

As China enters the aging society, more and more attention has been paid to the education for the aged. The developed countries such as the United States, Japan that entered the aging society relatively early, in the elderly education have accumulated rich experience. By learning from their experience, we can better develop education for the aged and promote the development of human resources for the aged. Key words: institutional changes in social sector, state social security reforms, state regulation of social protection system, aging population, elderly education, institutional diversification.

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Bed-Ridden Elderly in Japan: Social Progress and Care for the Elderly

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/hyaw-jpw6-633u-6hje ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 157-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kaori Imai

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The Elderly ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The United States ◽

Social Progress ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Care For The Elderly ◽

Social Welfare Services ◽

Care Workers ◽

Demand For Health

The demand for health care and social welfare services for the elderly has increased and in Japan, there is a need in the social system to improve the quality of life, especially for those who are disabled. This article directs attention to bed-ridden elderly persons from the standpoint of social problems attending economic development and population changes based on data from Japan, the United States, Sweden, and OECD countries. Compared to the United States, there are more bed-ridden elderly in Japan, and inadequate public resources for caring. Physicians, nurses, care workers, and rehabilitation specialists such as physiotherapist and occupational therapist per 1000 aged sixty-five or over are 89.5 in Japan while 237.4 in Sweden. Japan has the fewest such health and welfare personnel among developed countries. Even with increases in such personnel through the New Gold Plan, future increase in aged population would off-set the effect and the problem of providing care for the elderly remains.

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Filipino Home Care Workers: Invisible Frontline Workers in the COVID-19 Crisis in the United States

American Behavioral Scientist ◽

10.1177/00027642211000410 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000276422110004

Author(s):

Katherine Nasol ◽

Valerie Francisco-Menchavez

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Home Care ◽

Assisted Living ◽

Elder Care ◽

Health And Safety ◽

The Elderly ◽

The United States ◽

State Regulation ◽

Care Workers ◽

Home Care Workers

Filipino home care workers are at the frontlines of assisted living facilities and residential care facilities for the elderly (RCFEs), yet their work has largely been unseen. We attribute this invisibility to the existing elder care crisis in the United States, further exacerbated by COVID-19. Based on quantitative and qualitative data with Filipino workers before and during the COVID-19 crisis, we find that RCFEs have failed to comply with labor standards long before the pandemic where the lack of state regulation denied health and safety protections for home care workers. The racial inequities under COVID-19 via the neoliberal approach to the crisis puts home care workers at more risk. We come to this analysis through Critical Immigration Studies framing Filipino labor migration as it is produced by neoliberalism and Racial Capitalist constructs. Last, while the experiences of Filipino home care workers during the pandemic expose the elder care industry’s exploitation, we find that they are also creating strategies to take care of one another.

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Historical analysis of the scientific base of investment activity problems in housing building

Public administration aspects ◽

10.15421/1520182 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1-2) ◽

pp. 18-23

Author(s):

A. I. Bogdanenko

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Historical Analysis ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The United States ◽

Mortgage Lending ◽

State Regulation ◽

Housing Construction ◽

Investment Activity ◽

Difficult Situation ◽

Construction Companies

The article is devoted to the consideration of the scientific-source basis of the issues of investment activity in housing construction. On the basis of historical analysis, the main stages of the evolution of the problems of reducing investment attractiveness in the housing market in Ukraine are determined. The foreign practice of state regulation of investment and construction processes relevant for borrowing, or refinement, in such developed countries as Ukraine, Great Britain, Germany, Sweden and the United States of America is considered. Summarizing the experience of developing mortgage lending abroad, it should be noted that mortgage lending was one of the main factors of economic development in the United States (new Roosevelt course), in Germany (post-war reforms of Erhard), in Argentina («Kovalio plan») and in Chile (Pinochet reforms). It is proved that the development of housing construction is significantly dependent on the level of development of mortgage lending, as this is one of the main sources for obtaining additional funds for the further development of construction.It is noted that the problems existing today in the housing and construction complex of the country are largely provoked by the ineffectiveness of the system of investment activity that was established even in a planned economy. The Soviet housing finance system was based on the centralized allocation of budgetary resources for the construction of public housing and its free provision to citizens who were officially recognized, in due course, in need of better housing conditions. It is concluded that the system of state construction and housing distribution inevitably led to a spiraling growth in demand for housing and stagnation of its supply, which caused a steady deficit of housing stock.The processes of stabilization, reformation and development of investment in housing construction are always experienced by all developed countries of the world. Seeking a way of output from a difficult situation, governments are pursuing a policy that should provide state financial support to construction companies and, at the same time, facilitate the wider involvement of the private sector in providing construction services, resulting in the emergence and development of a competitive construction environment in general.

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Intensive Care for the Elderly

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462300003640 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bryan Jennett

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Massachusetts General Hospital ◽

Renal Dialysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

High Technology ◽

The Elderly ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The United States ◽

Best Interests

In 1852 Florence Nightingale wrote, “It is valuable to have one place in the hospital where postoperative and other patients needing close attention can be watched”. Almost 100 years later, an American “anesthesia study commission” concluded that one-third of postoperative deaths in the first 24 hours could have been prevented by better nursing care. Yet it is only in the last 25 years that designated intensive care units have become a feature of acute hospitals in developed countries. In the United States, intensive care beds now comprise 15% of acute beds, and they cost at least two to three times more than ordinary ward beds. Over half the difference between “activity and treatment” in hospitals in the United States and in the United Kingdom is attributed to the much lower provision of intensive care in Britain (1), where such units comprise only 1% of acute hospital beds. Selection for intensive care is therefore more stringent than in the United States, as it is for other high technology procedures (e.g., coronary artery surgery and renal dialysis). However, even in the United States there is now reluctant recognition not only that health care as a whole has to be rationed, but also that unlimited access to high technology medicine is not always in the best interests of patients and their families. In particular the cost-benefit ratio of intensive care for certain types of patients has recently come under scrutiny at an NIH Consensus Development Conference (2) and at the Massachusetts General Hospital (3).

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The Washington Consensus, liberal ideas and terms of the military-technological policy

National Interests Priorities and Security ◽

10.24891/ni.16.11.2103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 2103-2123

Author(s):

V.L. Gladyshevskii ◽

E.V. Gorgola ◽

D.V. Khudyakov

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Production Management ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The United States ◽

Internal Quality ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

Active Involvement ◽

Military Industrial Complex ◽

Industrial Complexes ◽

The Military

Subject. In the twentieth century, the most developed countries formed a permanent military economy represented by military-industrial complexes, which began to perform almost a system-forming role in national economies, acting as the basis for ensuring national security, and being an independent military and political force. The United States is pursuing a pronounced militaristic policy, has almost begun to unleash a new "cold war" against Russia and to unwind the arms race, on the one hand, trying to exhaust the enemy's economy, on the other hand, to reindustrialize its own economy, relying on the military-industrial complex. Objectives. We examine the evolution, main features and operational distinctions of the military-industrial complex of the United States and that of the Russian Federation, revealing sources of their military-technological and military-economic advancement in comparison with other countries. Methods. The study uses military-economic analysis, scientific and methodological apparatus of modern institutionalism. Results. Regulating the national economy and constant monitoring of budget financing contribute to the rise of military production, especially in the context of austerity and crisis phenomena, which, in particular, justifies the irrelevance of institutionalists' conclusions about increasing transaction costs and intensifying centralization in the industrial production management with respect to to the military-industrial complex. Conclusions. Proving to be much more efficient, the domestic military-industrial complex, without having such access to finance as the U.S. military monopolies, should certainly evolve and progress, strengthening the coordination, manageability, planning, maximum cost reduction, increasing labor productivity, and implementing an internal quality system with the active involvement of the State and its resources.

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