scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF ELECTROLYTIC BALANCE IN THE BLOOD OF NEWBORNS WITH KIDNEY DAMAGE DUE TO ASPHYXIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-350
Author(s):  
A. M. Loboda ◽  
O. I. Smiyan ◽  
S. V. Popov ◽  
V. O. Petrashenko ◽  
D. A. Loboda
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Introduction. The study of the concentration of main electrolytes in serum of blood and erythrocytes in neonates with impaired renal function due to asphyxia is important, because it allows determining violations of their content and balance, tactics of infusion and diuretic therapy. The purpose of the work is explore the features of the content and balance of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) in serum and red blood cells of newborns with disturbance kidney function due to asphyxia. Materials and methods. The study involved 200 term infants with signs of disturbance kidney function: 100 children who have suffered severe asphyxia, 100 children – with moderate asphyxia. Comparison group consisted of 20 infants without asphyxia at birth. The content of electrolytes determined by emission photometry, also expected ratios in pairs Na/K and Ca/Mg and transmembrane ratio of trace elements. Results and discussion. The critical period of formation electrolyte imbalances in neonates with impaired renal function due to moderate asphyxia is the early neonatal period, in case of severe asphyxia – all neonatal period. The feature of ischemic renal impairment in newborns is the development of serum hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, decrease the ratio of Na/K and increase Ca/Mg. Red blood cell pool of macroelements in case of neonatorum ischemic nephropathy is characterized by the growth of sodium level and deficiency of potassium, calcium and magnesium, as well as growth transmineralisation Na/K ratio and decrease Ca/Mg. Growth transmembrane ratios relative to sodium and magnesium reflects their transport into the cell, and reducing ratios relative potassium and calcium indicates the predominance of these electrolyte transport in the extracellular fluid. Changes in serum and intracellular electrolyte content and balance must be considered during infusion therapy in infants with impaired renal function due to asphyxia.

Plasma Aluminum Measurements in Term Infants Fed Human Milk or a Soy-Based Infant Formula

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1107
Author(s):  
RICHARD E. LITOV ◽  
VIRGINIA S. SICKLES ◽  
GARY M. CHAN ◽  
MARY A. SPRINGER ◽  
ANGEL CORDANO
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Recent Interest

Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust. There is a constant environmental exposure to this element because it is ubiquitous. Under usual conditions, dietary aluminum has not been shown to have any deleterious effects because aluminum is poorly absorbed and readily excreted in the urine. However, aluminum may be a health concern in patients with compromised kidney function and those receiving total parenteral nutrition. Aluminum, if retained, results in an increase in the concentration of body aluminum. There has been some recent interest in the exposure of infants to aluminum, especially in those infants with immature or impaired renal function.

scholarly journals Diuretics in chronic kidney disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
A. I. Dyadyk ◽  
G. G. Taradin ◽  
Yu. V. Suliman ◽  
S. R. Zborovskyy ◽  
V. I. Merkuriev
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Loop Diuretics ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

The issues of diuretic therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease, pharmacokinetics of diuretics, the problem of diuretic resistance, the tactics of using thiazides and loop diuretics in patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease, according to the recommendations of the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative are discussed in the article. Particular attention is paid to the prescription of this group of drugs to patients with end stage renal disease, as well as those undergoing renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis).Diuretics play an important role in the management of patients with chronic kidney disease with the development of hypertension and an increased extracellular fluid volume. In case of impaired renal function leading place is given to loop diuretics. Their combination with thiazide diuretics can increase the diuretic effect. The results of clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of the use of diuretics during decline of residual renal function are provided. It is reported about the effect of potassium-sparing diuretics on the incidence of cardiovascular complications, the development of hyperkalemia in patients undergoing dialysis treatment. The importance of continuation of intensive study about the possibility of antagonists of mineralocorticoid receptors usage, in particular the spironolactone, eplerenone, and finerenone in order to reduce cardiovascular complications and mortality, is indicated.

Infusion therapy in newborns

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Proper Volume

Infusion therapy during the neonatal period is prescribed if it is not possible to start enteral nutrition for infant (breast milk/formula) or if it is necessary to maintain (correct) concentration of glucose and/or electrolytes. The main objective of infusion therapy is to maintain the proper volume of extracellular fluid. For adequate infusion therapy, it is necessary to determine physiological needs for fluids, calculate pathological losses, choose a solution for infusion therapy, calculate the amount of electrolytes administered, and determine the rate of infusion. Despite the fact that infusion therapy has been used widely and for a long time, there are still many unresolved issues, and the main ones are still «When?», «What?» and «How much?»

scholarly journals Coenzyme Q10 coadministration with diclofenac augmented impaired renal function in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-648
Author(s):  
Yasser Albadrany ◽  
Ahmed Naser
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Sodium Potassium

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of coenzyme Q10 (COQ10) and diclofenac coadministration on the hepatorenal function in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Materials and Methods: Birds (21 days old) were divided into six groups of eight birds each. The 1st group was the control, the 2nd group was treated orally with COQ10 (30 mg/kg b.wt), the 3rd and 4th groups were treated intraperitoneally with diclofenac sodium at doses 1 and 2 mg/kg b.wt, respectively, and the 5th and 6th groups were treated with COQ10 (dose 30 mg/kg b.wt, P.O.) and diclofenac sodium (dose 1 mg/kg b.wt, I.P.) and COQ10 (dose 30 mg/kg b.wt, P.O.) and diclofenac sodium (dose 2 mg/kg b.wt, I.P.), respectively. The experiment lasted 5 days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, all the birds were sacrificed through cervical dislocation; blood samples were collected for serum biochemical analysis. Results: COQ10 induced a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chloride, while diclofenac induced a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chloride. However, when COQ10 and diclofenac were coadministered, we observed that COQ10 decreased the liver injury caused by diclofenac. However, COQ10 could not relieve the kidney injury caused by diclofenac, but worsened the impaired renal function. Conclusion: COQ10 protects the liver against diclofenac-induced liver injury while augmenting diclofenac-induced kidney injury.

scholarly journals The impact of periodontal disease and dental cleaning procedures on serum and urine kidney biomarkers in dogs and cats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255310
Author(s):  
Jean A. Hall ◽  
Franci J. Forman ◽  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Giosi Farace ◽  
Murthy Yerramilli
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Cleaning Procedure ◽  
Cystatin B ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Serum And Urine

The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits and inherent risks of dental cleaning procedures, based on serum and urine biomarkers for kidney function and tissue damage, in dogs and cats. Thirty-one asymptomatic, mostly older dogs (14 neutered male and 17 ovariohysterectomized female dogs of various breeds between 3 and 14 years old) and cats (19 neutered male and 12 ovariohysterectomized female domestic short hair cats between 2 and 16 years old) diagnosed with periodontal disease on physical exam, and recommended by their veterinarian to have dental cleaning under general anesthesia were evaluated in a prospective study. Serum and urine samples were collected from dogs and cats 1 week before, 6 hours after, and again 1 week after the dental cleaning procedure. Samples were analyzed for biomarkers of kidney function [serum creatinine (Cr), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine for specific gravity (USG) and protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio]. A panel of biomarkers for renal tissue damage was also assessed [serum β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIB), and urine cystatin B and clusterin]. Samples collected one week before dental cleaning procedures showed that increased age and severity of dental disease were linked to abnormal kidney function biomarker values (age: elevated SDMA and Cr concentrations and isosthenuric USG values; disease severity: elevated UPC ratios) as well as elevated urine cystatin B and clusterin concentrations. Directly after the dental cleaning procedure, an increased number of cats with elevated SDMA concentrations was observed (specifically in cats with longer duration of dental procedures). Extended duration of dental procedures (≥60 min) was linked to increased urine cystatin B and clusterin concentrations, whereas shorter duration procedures was linked to decreased urine cystatin B and clusterin. Higher SDMA concentrations persisted in cats one week after the dental cleaning procedures and were linked to elevated UPC ratios one week before cleaning procedures. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate a link between severity of dental disease, renal tissue injury, and impaired renal function. Longer duration dental procedures in cats may carry inherent risks of kidney injury and impaired renal function.

scholarly journals Independent Effects of Kidney Function and Cholesterol Efflux on Cardiovascular Mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Ritsch ◽  
Monika Hunjadi ◽  
Tatjana Stojakovic ◽  
Stephen Zewinger ◽  
Thimoteus Speer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Hdl Function

Abstract BackgroundImpaired renal function is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. In the general population, HDL-cholesterol is associated with cardiovascular events, which is not true in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This has been attributed to abnormal HDL function in CKD.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the association between kidney function, cholesterol efflux capacity as one of the major HDL functions and cardiovascular mortality in 2469 patients of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study who all underwent coronary angiography.ResultsWe found a strong association between cholesterol efflux capacity and kidney function. Additionally, a genetic score of 53 SNPs associated with GRF and the uromodulin SNP rs12917707 was correlated inversely with cholesterol efflux. However, adjustment for eGFR and uromodulin as markers of kidney function did not affect the relationship between cholesterol efflux and cardiovascular mortality.ConclusionsWe suggest that impaired renal function lowers cholesterol efflux, but that this is not mediating the effects of impaired kidney function on cardiovascular mortality. Other mechanisms of low cellular cholesterol efflux may causally be involved in adverse cardiovascular outcomes.Trial registrationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee at the “Aerztekammer Rheinland-Pfalz” and was performed conform to the declaration of Helsinki (837.255.97 [1394], approved January 8th, 1999).

Impact of polyvascular disease and renal dysfunction on cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes: post hoc analyses from EMPA-REG OUTCOME

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Verma ◽  
C.D Mazer ◽  
S.E Inzucchi ◽  
C Wanner ◽  
A.P Ofstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background Individuals with polyvascular disease and impaired renal function are at high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, but this relationship is not well investigated in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Furthermore, the impact of polyvascular disease plus renal dysfunction on the risk for hospitalisation for heart failure (HHF) remains unclear. Purpose We investigated this in a post hoc analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial in which empagliflozin reduced risk of CV death and HHF versus placebo in people with T2D and vascular disease. In addition, we explored the treatment effect of empagliflozin on CV, HF and mortality outcomes across the spectrum of baseline polyvascular disease and impaired renal function. Methods Patients with T2D, CV disease and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of ≥30 ml/min/1.73 m2 received empagliflozin 10 mg, 25 mg, or placebo. Vascular beds (VBs) were defined as coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease (Fig). By use of Cox regression, we explored the association between baseline eGFR < or ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, with or without polyvascular disease (1 vs ≥2 VBs involved), and CV death, HHF, CV death (excl. fatal stroke)/HHF, and all-cause mortality (ACM), as well as the treatment effect of empagliflozin versus placebo on these outcomes. Results Patients with ≥2 VBs involved and eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 [n=463], were slightly older (mean age 68.2 vs. 64.3 or 62.6 years), had T2D duration >10 years more often (73.4% vs. 63.2% or 54.9%), and a higher HF prevalence at baseline (19.4% vs. 11.1% or 9.2%) versus those with ≥2 VBs involved and eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 [n=866], or those with only 1 VB involved regardless of eGFR [n=5630], respectively. However, characteristics were generally balanced between treatment groups. Notably, co-existing polyvascular disease and eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was strongly associated with increased risk of all outcomes. The placebo incidence rates per 1000 patient-years for CV death were 14.4 (95% CI 10.9, 18.3) and 19.6 (12.8, 27.8) in those with 1 VB involved and eGFR ≥60 or eGFR <60, respectively, and 32.7 (21.7, 45.8), and 52.4 (32.9, 76.5) in those with 2 VBs and eGFR ≥60 or eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Importantly, empagliflozin reduced the risk for all outcomes regardless of number of VBs affected and kidney function (Fig). Conclusions Co-existing polyvascular disease and eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 confer an extremely high risk of CV and all-cause mortality, and HHF. Empagliflozin lowered this risk consistently compared with placebo, regardless of polyvascular disease and impaired kidney function. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company Diabetes Alliance

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