scholarly journals The Role and Impact of Merger & Acquisition of Banking Sector in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
A. Kishwar ◽  
A. Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Merger And Acquisition ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Acquisition Processes ◽  
The Impact

Authors: Kishwar Ali, School of Finance, Zhongnan University of Economics & Law, Wuhan, China Atta Ullah, School of management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China Pages: 113-121 DOI: http://doi.org/10.21272/fmir.3(3).113-121.2019 Download: Views: Downloads: 40 54 Abstract The paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments in the scientific discussion on determining the effects of mergers and acquisitions for banking institutions. The purpose of this article is to conduct an empirical study to identify the nature of the impact of mergers and acquisitions on Pakistan’s financial sector performance. The research in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: a thorough literature review on the analysis of key aspects of mergers and acquisitions and their impact on the financial and economic performance of banks before and after their practical implementation; the historical basis of the experience of mergers and acquisitions caused by various economic factors, such as: GDP growth, interest rates on loans, monetary policy; financial analysis of bank profitability, solvency and liquidity indicators before and after the merger and acquisition was conducted. Five commercial banks of Pakistan that were involved in the merger and acquisition processes were selected as the subject of study. The study period is presented before and after the merger and includes two years before the acquisition report and two years after the acquisition announcement by analysis of financial ratios of liquidity, solvency and profitability. The results of empirical and theoretical research have shown that there is a positive relationship between merger and acquisition processes and liquidity ratios of banking institutions; and – the negative impact of such processes on banks’ profitability and solvency in the short term. The author states that the main limitation of the study is the unavailability of financial data until 2006 and the use of a small sample size and a low likelihood of data collection technique, which is limited by a certain type of people and lack of generalization. Keywords: merger, acquisition, bank, solvency risk, liquidity, profitability.

scholarly journals Revocation of a Banking License as an Instrument for Regulating Merger and Acquisition Transactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8881-8884
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Merger And Acquisition ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Earnings Per Share ◽  
State Participation ◽  
License Revocation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the dynamics of the indicators of the merger and acquisition market in the banking sector, as well as the indicator of revocation of banking licenses. The analysis has shown the outperformance of bank decrease in relation to bank acquisition over the same period, which indicates a significant impact of license revocation on the merger and acquisition market. The article assesses the impact of the merger and acquisition market on the structure of proportional regulation in favor of banks with universal licenses. An increase in the concentration of capital is observed, especially in banks with state participation. The article investigates the methods of calculating the cost of mergers and acquisitions. The authors propose to add two more factors to the already known factors of change in earnings per share due to mergers and acquisitions: the type of license revoked by the regulator as a result of the rehabilitation and goodwill, which should be considered in the merger cost using additional coefficients. This will allow the merger cost to be more accurately determined and provide the investor with additional information for decision-making.

scholarly journals FRI0612-HPR EFFECT OF THERMOFORMABLE ORTHOSES ON FOOT FUNCTION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM AN OPEN CLINICAL TRIAL.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 911.2-912
Author(s):  
I. Aachari ◽  
H. Rkain ◽  
F. Safaa ◽  
L. Benzakour ◽  
T. Latifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Activity Limitation ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Functional Impact ◽  
Pain Disability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
The Impact

Background:Orthoses and footwear can play an important role in managing foot pathology in patients whose systemic disease is controlled. Foot orthoses are frequently prescribed in clinical practice as an intervention for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Objectives:The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of thermoformable orthoses on the functional index of the foot (FFI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods:We conducted an open clinical trial, having consecutively included 14 patients (85.7% female, average age 54.8 ± 10 years) suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (median progression time of 9 years [5 - 12]). The average DAS28 was 2.7 ± 1.2 and the functional impact objectified by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was on average 0.9 ± 0.7.The median deadline from the start of RA and the onset of the foot problem was 3 years [0 – 7,75]. The foot problem was bilateral in 100% of the cases and inaugural in 85.7% of the cases.We evaluated the functional impact of foot injury for all our patients at baseline and 8 weeks after the use of thermoformable orthoses, based on the FFI (Foot function Index) measuring the impact of foot pathology on function in terms of pain, disability and activity limitation.The comparison of the FFI domains before and after the use of orthoses was carried out using parametric or nonparametric paired tests using The SPSS statistical software.Results:With the use of foot orthoses, FFI values decreased in all subscales (p=0,024) (pain, disability and activity limitation). This reduction was significant for disability (0,011) but not for pain and activity limitation.There were no significant correlations between the global FFI and the progression of RA, the duration of foot damage and the functional impact measured by the HAQ.Table 1. The comparison of the FFI domains before and after the use of orthoses.psignificatif if< 0,05; Test used: Non-parametric test for two linked samples.Conclusion:Foot orthoses were effective as an adjuvant in the management of rheumatoid foot. They significantly reduced disability as measured by the FFI. The absence of factors associated with pain and limitation of activity could possibly be related to the small sample size.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Early Palliative Care Consultation in the Burn Unit: A Quality Improvement Initiative to Increase Utilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Carmichael ◽  
Hareklia Brackett ◽  
Maurice C Scott ◽  
Margaret M Dines ◽  
Sarah E Mather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Quality Improvement Initiative ◽  
Comfort Care ◽  
Early Palliative Care ◽  
Palliative Care Consultation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Care Consultation ◽  
Patient Values ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite significant morbidity and mortality for major burns, palliative care consultation (PCC) is underutilized in this population. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of a protocol using recommended “triggers” for PCC at a single academic burn center. This is a retrospective review of patient deaths over a four-year period. Use of life-sustaining treatments, comfort care (de-escalation of one or more life-sustaining treatments) and do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) orders were determined. Use of PCC was compared during periods before and after a protocol establishing recommended triggers for early (&lt;72 hrs of admission) PCC was instituted in 2019. A total of 33 patient deaths were reviewed. Most patients were male (n=28, 85%) and median age was 62 years [IQR 42-72]. Median revised Baux score was 112 [IQR 81-133]. Many patients had life-sustaining interventions such as intubation, dialysis, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, often prior to admission. Amongst patients who survived &gt;24 hrs, 67% (n=14/21) had PCC. Frequency of PCC increased after protocol development, with 100% vs. 36% of these patients having PCC before death (p=0.004). However, even during the later period, less than half of patients had early PCC despite meeting criteria at admission. In conclusion, initiation of life-sustaining measures in severely injured burn patients occurs prior to or early during hospitalization. Thus, value-based early goals of care discussions are valuable to prevent interventions that do not align with patient values and assist with de-escalation of life-sustaining treatment. In this small sample, we found that while there was increasing use of PCC overall after developing a protocol of recommended triggers for consultation, many patients who met criteria at admission did not receive early PCC. Further research is needed to elucidate reasons why providers may be resistant to PCC.

scholarly journals The Effect of Disclosure and Transparency Criteria In Saudi Banks on The Financial Ratios Indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (116) ◽  
pp. 290-303
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamal Kamel Afaneh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Monetary Authority ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed to measure the effect of applying the disclosure and transparency standards criteria adopted by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority on improving performance indicators in the Saudi banking sector, by measuring the extent of the impact of the bank's financial indicators represented by liquidity, profitability and return on assets in Saudi banks by applying the criteria of disclosure and transparency, which is one of the Main principles in the list of governance, which was approved by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority. The analytical approach was followed to achieve the goal of the study, as the financial statements of Saudi banks were analyzed during a period of 8-year to test four hypotheses related to measuring the presence of statistically significant differences between the performance indicators of banks before and after applying the disclosure and transparency standards imposed on Saudi banks. The results of the research confirmed the existence of an inverse relationship between the bank’s liquidity and the percentage of Saudi banks ’profits. The more liquidity, the lower the profitability level of banks, which indicates that the high liquidity in Saudi banks has led to a low profitability in this time period, and the study recommended that The need to pay attention to the concept of disclosure and transparency among all related parties in Saudi banks, and banks should find a balance between liquidity and profitability  

scholarly journals The impact of euro-integration processes on strengthening competitiveness of the banking sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
I. Aloshyna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Euro Zone ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
The Impact

The study considers the essence and effects of economic integration on the Euro zone banking sector. The study explains that the intensification of economic integration of European countries provides a competitive environment for banks. The results found that the integration at the macro level increases the international competitiveness of the banking sector by creating a more transparent single secure market and increasing its capacity through the application of common rules and administrative standards for banking supervision and resolution, and on the meso- and micro levels increases the international competitiveness of banking institutions by increasing efficiency and profitability by increasing the volume of cross-border banking activities within the Euro zone. The conclusions suggest the main instruments of ECB’s monetary policy have a positive impact on improving the competitiveness of the banking sector by removing barriers to cross-border competition. Such instruments helped to create a large and transparent capital market, increase banking sector competitiveness by intensifying competition and efficiency of banks.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pre and Post Merger and Acquisition Financial Performance of Banks in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Qamar Abbas ◽  
Rashid Saeed . ◽  
Ehsan-Ul-Hassan . ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad Ijaz .
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Merger And Acquisition ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Acquisition Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Merger and Acquisition is a strategy adopted by the organizations globally to meet the needs of dynamic business environment. This strategy also has much importance in Pakistan mostly in banking sector. Therefore, the objective of the study is to assess the impact of M&A on the financial performance of banks in Pakistan. The accounting and financial data of 10 banks were used in this study. Data was taken from the financial statement analysis (FSA) by State Bank of Pakistan from the period of 20062011. For the analysis of pre and post Merger and Acquisition performance 15 financial ratios were used in the study. To compare the results Paired sample t-Test was used to measure the significant difference between pre and post M&A financial performance. The overall results show that there is no significant difference in financial performance. It is concluded that there is insignificant difference between pre and post M&A performance of banks in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Determinants of Merger and Acquisition: An Indian Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 3081-3088
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Merger And Acquisition ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Compulsory Licensing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have gained prominence across the globe as a way of gaining competitive advantage and boosting the profit of the companies. The Indian pharmaceutical industry has readily embraced M&As in the recent times and has witnessed a number of profitable deals materialize, while some indeed failed. The success of M&As is contingent upon a variety of factors and eventually has a bearing on how the acquiring and target companies perform. This study intended to identify the various factors that either lead to or impede M&As and to measure their impact on company performance. The factors that motivate and discourage M&As were identified and the importance of factors such as deal size and compulsory licensing requirement in M&A success was assessed and the impact of the all these factors on the performance of the companies was assessed using both primary and secondary data. The encouraging and discouraging aspects of M&A were found to impact company performance significantly, so did the deal size and compulsory licensing requirement. The findings implied that the success of M&As depends on a variety of positive and negative factors and the participating companies need to balance these factors judiciously in order to obtain realistic profits from M&As

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF M&A TRANSACTIONS ON THE GROWTH OF THE BANKS’ MARKET VALUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
L. Prymostka ◽  
N. Pantielieieva ◽  
I. Krasnova ◽  
V. Lavreniuk ◽  
O. Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The globalization of markets, the need to comply with modern economic trends and introduce new technological solutions to increase the profitability of the banking business have significantly intensified the processes of mergers and acquisitions in the banking sector. M&A processes are long and complex, their results are difficult to forecast in lack of actual detailed research. The diversity of the results of the available research requires updating the data based on larger volumes of transactions and larger time intervals. The purpose of the article is to substantiate two hypotheses: first, the impact of M&A agreements especially on the increase in the value of banks; and impact of factors that show economic development level on the value of banks. The object of the study is the relationship between the value of commercial banks in domestic and foreign financial markets, M&A agreements, as well as economic indicators published by the World Bank and measuring the level of economic development of countries. The article uses statistical modeling method. The constructed model of linear regression allows to state that the fact of influence of M&A on growth of cost of consolidated banks is fair for 54.8% of cases. The study shows that the M&A processes have the greatest impact on the value of banks in the interval of 3—5 years after the conclusion of the agreement. Analysis of the relationship between economic indicators and the growth of bank value shows that the greatest impact on the value of banks has percent of the growth of GDP and GDP per capita, but the low value of the determinant at 22.9% indicates a low dependence of bank value on the level of economic indicators in general. It was found that external factors do not directly affect the growth in the value of banks in the process of M&A transactions. The question of expanding the system of factors that will influence the M&A processes and, as a consequence, the value of the banks, will be the subject of further research. Keywords: globalization of markets, mergers and acquisitions of banks, consolidation, M&A dynamic, market capitalization, bank value. JEL Classification Е44, Е47, G14 Formulas: 2; fig.: 4; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 14.

Effects of Comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder on the Clinical Outcomes of Schizophrenia: A Nationwide Population-based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soojin Ahn ◽  
Youngjae Choi ◽  
Woohyeok Choi ◽  
Young Tak Jo ◽  
Harin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Medication Possession Ratio ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
Psychiatric Admissions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a common psychiatric comorbidity in schizophrenia, associated with poor clinical outcomes and medication noncompliance. Most previous studies on the effect of alcohol use in patients with schizophrenia had limitations of small sample size and a cross-sectional design. Therefore, this study aimed to use a nationwide population database to investigate the impact of AUD on clinical outcomes of schizophrenia.MethodsData from the Health Insurance Review Agency database in South Korea from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2016 was used. Among 64,442 patients with incident schizophrenia, 1,598 with comorbid AUD were selected based on the diagnostic code F10. We performed between- and within-group analyses to compare the rates of psychiatric admissions and emergency room (ER) visits and medication possession ratio (MPR) with control patients having schizophrenia matched for the onset age, sex, and observation period.ResultsThe rates of psychiatric admissions and ER visits decreased after the diagnosis of AUD in both groups; however, the decrease was significantly greater in patients with comorbid AUD compared to the control group. While the case group showed an increase in MPR after the diagnosis of AUD, MPR decreased in the control patients. The rates of psychiatric admissions, ER visits and MPR were worse in the schizophrenia group with comorbid AUD both before and after the diagnosis of AUD.ConclusionsClinical outcomes were worse in the comorbid AUD group than in the control group before and after the diagnosis of AUD. Considering that patients with schizophrenia with comorbid AUD had poorer clinical outcomes even before the diagnosis of AUD, schizophrenia with comorbid AUD could be a distinct subtype of schizophrenia.

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