scholarly journals The relationship between brand associations and fan behaviours for football teams

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Ersin Eskiler ◽  
Remzi Altunisik ◽  
Nilgun Sarikaya
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Brand Associations ◽  
Brand Relationships ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Fan Behavior ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Team Brand

The intense competition in the sports sector has caused changes in the sports marketing perception of team management. Club managements aim to develop brand relationships, strengthen fan loyalty and manage fan behaviors to establish an emotional bond between club brands and fans for gaining competitive advantage. In this context, the current study aimed to assess the relationships between brand relationships, fan loyalty, and fan behavior in football teams. The survey sample is 503 (293 male, 210 female) respondents. Data were collected from Besiktas Gymnastics Club, Fenerbahce Sports Club, and Galatasaray Sports Club team supporters by face-to-face survey method. The structural equation model was used in the research hypothesis testing. The findings identified no statistically significant effect of the attributes and benefits, defined as team brand associations facets, on fan behaviors. Brand associations had a significant influence on the attitudinal and behavioral loyalty of supporters. Besides, behavioral loyalty was an important determinant of fan behaviors. The results indicated that approximately 68% of the variance of attitudinal loyalty could be explained by the attributes and benefits of brand associations’ facets (R2=.677). Furthermore, facets of the brand associations accounted for approximately 66% of behavioral loyalty variance (R2=.659). Both brand associations (attributes and benefits) and fan loyalty (attitudinal and behavior loyalty) facets explained approximately 32% of the variance in fan behavior (R2=.317). Consequently, it is important to create strong and competitive brand associations in football teams, independent of sporting achievement, create positive fan behaviors, and support these behaviors. The research results could be useful for sports managers/marketers and theorists to explain and interpret fan behaviors.

scholarly journals Fan Loyalty Toward International Football Team: The Role of Brand Image

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
Dwi Irianto ◽  
Dwi Kartikasari
Keyword(s):  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
International Team ◽  
Football Team ◽  
The Relationship

The study of fan loyalty in sports marketing mostly is focused on spectator attachment and brand athlete. However, lack of studies examines the fan loyalty formulation toward the international team using brand image. This study aims to examine the influence of two brand image dimensions (attributes and benefits) in creating fan loyalty toward the international team. This study applies the covariance-based structural equation model for analyzing the data. The sample consists of 335 international team football fans in Indonesia. These results reveal that both attributes and benefits are pivotal factors in influencing attitudinal loyalty as well as behavioral loyalty. Further, the result shows that the effect of attributes on attitudinal loyalty is higher compared to behavioural loyalty. These findings extend the existing knowledge on the relationship between brand image and customer loyalty in a sports context and provide useful implications for practitioners to retain their fan loyalty.

scholarly journals Toward Sustainable Overseas Mobility of Vietnamese Students: Understanding Determinants of Attitudinal and Behavioral Loyalty in Students of Higher Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Lai ◽  
Hiep-Hung Pham ◽  
Hong-Kong Nguyen ◽  
The-Cuong Nguyen ◽  
Anh-Vinh Le
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
International Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Switching Cost ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty

Research on internationalization in higher education has not shed enough light on how cross-border student mobility might contribute to the issue of sustainability. Given that a sustainable movement of loyal international students could help sustain the financial income, ranking, and prospective human resources of the host universities and countries, this study aims to investigate the mechanisms that lead to such loyalty. Specifically, this study adds to the literature by examining how switching cost interacts with disconfirmation and satisfaction in generating attitudinal and behavioral loyalty among international students. The study, surveying 410 Vietnamese students who are studying at either at the undergraduate or graduate level in 15 countries across the globe, first adopts confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using software SAS 9.3 to evaluate if multiple fit indices, the standardized factor loading, and the average variance extracted scores are satisfactory. It then employs the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to test five hypotheses concerning the interaction between disconfirmation and satisfaction as well as among satisfaction, switching cost and behavioral/attitudinal loyalty. The results find that disconfirmation has both direct and indirect impact, while satisfaction only has a direct impact on attitudinal loyalty. Meanwhile, switching cost is found to have a direct impact on behavioral loyalty, but not on attitudinal loyalty. Based on these findings, the study proposes some theoretical and managerial implications for sustainability in general and sustainability of higher education in particular as well as direction for future studies.

scholarly journals Sport Sponsorship: The Relationship Between Team Loyalty, Sponsorship Awareness, Attitude Toward the Sponsor, and Purchase Intentions

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Biscaia ◽  
Abel Correia ◽  
Antonio Fernando Rosado ◽  
Stephen D. Ross ◽  
João Maroco
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Sport Sponsorship ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Team Loyalty ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Relationship

Sponsorship studies have generally been focused on attitudinal measures of fan loyalty to understand the reactions to abstract sponsors. This study examines the relationships between both attitudinal and behavioral loyalty with sponsorship awareness, attitude toward two actual sponsors, and purchase intentions. Data were collected among fans of a professional soccer team, and the results of a structural equation model provide evidence that attitudinal loyalty impacts the attitude toward both sponsors and purchase intentions. Behavioral loyalty influences sponsorship awareness, and impacts differently the attitude and purchase intentions toward each sponsor. Sponsorship awareness influences significantly the attitude toward both sponsors, while the attitude toward the sponsor was the strongest predictor of purchase intentions. These findings highlight the importance of examining actual sponsors and suggest managerial implications, such as the need for sponsors to help attract fans to the stadium and to design additional activation strategies to improve sponsorship value.

Memperkuat Loyalitas Melalui Kepercayaan, Kepuasan Dan Komitmen Studi Pada Nasabah PT. Bank Cimb Niaga

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Branch Office

Customer loyalty is ‘suspected’not been able to optimizationrepetition of transactions, customer recommendation and durability with the establishment relationship quality of the trust, customer satisfaction and commitment. Therefore, research conducted on Bank CIMB Niaga aims to determine the extent of the trust, and commitment to customer satisfaction can increase X-tra and TabunganKU savings customer loyalty. This research is verification and the method of research is explanatory survey method, the sample is 160 customer X-tra and tabunganKU savings in the branch office Bank CIMB Niaga Bintaro. The analytical method used is structural equation model. The results showed loyalty can be achieved with relationship quality for customers through the establishment of trust, and commitment to customer satisfaction, which all three have a positive influence. Therefore, the management of Bank CIMB Niaga need to improve their ability in trust, satisfactionand commitmentwith the bank's customers to become increasingly favored customers.

Brand Love and Brand Hate: Integrating Emotions into Brand-Related Experiences and Loyalty

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150007
Author(s):  
Harpuneet Singh Kohli ◽  
Sujata Khandai ◽  
Renu Yadav ◽  
Sonia Kataria
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Brand Love ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Fashion Apparel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brand Hate

Branding has always garnered substantial interest among marketers for many years. Brand love and brand hate are two aspects of branding that are drawing a great deal of attention today. Yet, there remains a gap in measuring the effect of brand love and brand hate on the relationship between brand experience and brand loyalty for the fashion apparel sector in India. Data was collected from 250 participants using both online and offline channels. Results imputed from the structural equation modeling show that brand experience is directly related to brand loyalty. In addition, brand love mediates the relationship between brand experience and attitudinal loyalty and for brand hate, ideological incompatibility and symbolic incongruity mediate the relationship between brand experience and attitudinal loyalty, as well as, behavioral loyalty.

From hindrance to challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Ting Pan ◽  
Nan (Andy) Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario

Purpose This paper is to investigate how employees respond to information security policies (ISPs) when they view the policies as a challenge rather than a hindrance to work. Specifically, the authors examine the roles of challenge security demands (i.e. continuity and mandatory) and psychological resources (i.e. personal and job resources) in influencing employees’ ISP non-compliance. Design/methodology/approach Applying a hypothetical scenario-based survey method, the authors tested our proposed model in six typical ISPs violation scenarios. In sum, 347 responses were collected from a global company. The data were analyzed using partial least square-based structural equation model. Findings Findings indicated that continuity and mandatory demands increased employees’ level of perseverance of effort, which, in turn, decreased their ISPs non-compliance intention. In addition, job resources, such as the trust enhancement gained from co-workers and the opportunities for professional development, enhanced the perseverance of effort. Practical implications The findings offer implications to practice by suggesting that organizations should design training programs to persuade employees to understand the ISPs in a positive way. Meanwhile, organizations should encourage employees to invest more personal resources by creating a trusting atmosphere and providing them opportunities to learn security knowledge and skills. Originality/value This study is among the few to empirically explore how employees respond and behave when they view the security policies as challenge stressors. The paper also provides a novel understanding of how psychological resources contribute to buffering ISP non-compliance.

scholarly journals Willingness and Behaviors of Farmers’ Green Disposal of Pesticide Packaging Waste in Henan, China: A Perceived Value Formation Mechanism Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyue Li ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Lianbei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
And Behaviors

Environmental pollution as a result of the improper disposal of pesticide packaging wastes (PPWs) has posed serious harm to groundwater, soil and public health. However, few studies focused on PPWs green disposal willingness and behaviors of farmers from the perspective of perceived value. Based on the first-hand data, collected from 635 farmers of grain-producing counties in Henan province of China, through the questionnaire survey method, this paper adopted a structural equation model (SEM) to empirically explore the formation mechanism of perceived value on PPWs green disposal, and green disposal willingness and behaviors were further in-depth investigated. The results showed that the action of farmers’ green disposal of PPWs followed the causal relationship, whereby perceived value→behavioral willingness→behavioral performance, and farmers’ perceived value came from the comprehensive tradeoff and comparison between perceived benefits and perceived risks. Meanwhile, the perceived benefits and perceived risks could have significant effects on green disposal willingness and behaviors directly and indirectly, among which perceived benefits (0.478) had the greatest positive total effects on the willingness, and perceived risks (−0.362) had the greatest negative total effects on the behaviors. Interestingly, there existed inconsistence between farmers’ green disposal willingness and behaviors. When faced with the choice of PPWs green disposal, the farmers were generally risk averse, which resulted in them being more inclined to take conservative behaviors driven by the profit maximization, and even showed the “powerless” state with willingness but no actual action.

The impact of brand associations on brand loyalty in the football industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Maderer ◽  
Dirk Holtbruegge ◽  
Rachel Woodland
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Brand Associations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of brand associations on brand loyalty of fans toward professional football clubs in developed and emerging football markets (EFM). In particular, the following research questions are answered: how important are different determinants of brand associations for fans from developed football markets (DFM) and EFM? Are there any major differences in the importance of different brand associations and their influence on brand loyalty between fans from DFM and EFM? Design/methodology/approach Based on the customer-based brand equity framework the impact of brand associations on brand loyalty is tested with a sample of 3,587 fans from DFM – Germany, England, Spain, Italy, and France (2,032) – as well as fans from EFM – Brazil, Russia, India, China, and the USA (1,555). Findings Structural equation modeling is applied and shows a negative impact of brand attributes on attitudinal loyalty, whereas brand benefits positively impact attitudinal loyalty. Furthermore, significant differences between fans from developed and EFM are revealed. Implications for the management of football teams and for research on brand management are derived. Originality/value This study extends the work of Gladden and Funk (2001) by expanding the model used to assess brand loyalty and analyzes it empirically in different football markets. When looking to foster attitudinal loyalty, marketers should concentrate on benefit associations instead of attribute associations. Most importantly, marketers should be aware that when focusing on developing brand loyalty amongst EFM fans, they should not simply apply the same strategies that proved to be effective in DFM and vice versa.

Exploring Socio-Economic Design Implications of Public Housing Transformation; The Nigerian Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar D. Isah ◽  
Tareef Hayat Khan ◽  
Abdullah Sani Bn Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Economic Predictors ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Occupancy and funding are crucial attributes of culture in predicting public housing transformation in Nigeria. The study investigates the implication of occupancy and funding as salient socio-economic factors of housing transformation. Questionnaire survey method was used to assess users’ experience which was analysed using statistical analysis with structural equation model (SEM). The result indicated a good model fit of occupancy and funding as socio-economic predictors that motivates residents’ housing adjustment decisions. Thus, the study recommends that socio-economic indices of occupancy and ease of funding future public housing adjustments can be considered by developers at the design stage.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Brand Club Personalities, Trust and Brand Loyalty in Fans of Persepolis FC

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Hamid Roudbari ◽  
Alireza Elahi ◽  
Hossein Akbari Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Brand Personality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Fan loyalty is imperative for sports clubs. In fact, fans have more trust in their favorite team will remain loyal to the team. Team managers and sports clubs must win the trust of their fans. Club brand personality is one of the variables that can be used to enhance the trust of the fans. Due to this issue, in this study, the relationship between club brand personality, trust and loyalty of fans have been investigated. The population of this research consists of Persepolis FC fans and 384 persons were evaluated as the statistical sample. To collect the data, the brand personality questionnaire by Tsiotso (2012), the modified questionnaire by Chowdhury and Holbrook (2001), the attitudinal loyalty questionnaire by Gladden and Funk (2003) and the behavioral loyalty questionnaire by Fink et al. (2001) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics (regression coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling) were used for statistical analysis. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that club brand personality influences on brand trust and it influences behavioral and attitudinal loyalty of the fans. The managers of Persepolis FC can use a brand trust to increase the loyalty of their fans and implement brand personality to gain their trust.</p>

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