scholarly journals SEQUENTIAL CROPPING IN VEGETABLE AND TOBACCO PRODUCTION SYSTEMS UNDER VARIOUS TILLAGES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1172b-1172
Author(s):  
William Terry Kelley ◽  
David L. Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Sequential Cropping ◽  
Plot Design

Three cropping sequences and three tillage systems were evaluated under reduced tillage. Sequences were spring `Packman' broccoli followed by `Sunny' tomatoes or 'm.s. Ky 14 × L8 tobacco, spring broccoli/tomatoes or tobacco/fall broccoli, and tomatoes or tobacco/fall broccoli. Each sequence was grown conventionally tilled/no winter cover, conventionally tilled/wheat winter cover and no-till transplanted directly into killed wheat. The study was conducted at Knoxville, (elev. 251m), Greeneville, (elev. 400m) and Crossville, (elev. 549m) during 1989 and 1990. Experiments were arranged in a strip-plot design with sequences stripped across tillages. No. 1 tomato yield was reduced in no-till at Greeneville (1989). Percentage of No. 1 tomatoes was not affected by tillage but the tomato-broccoli system produced a greater percentage at Greeneville (1990). Broccoli head size and subsequent yield was generally greater in conventionally tilled plots. Sequence generally had little affect on broccoli production. Yield and revenue of tobacco were generally lower in no-till treatments. Broccoli/tobacco sequences generally had the highest yield but varied by location. No-till produced lower quality tobacco both years at Knoxville but not at Greeneville.

scholarly journals SEQUENTIAL VEGETABLE CROPPING UNDER VARIOUS TILLAGE SYSTEMS

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 710G-710
Author(s):  
William Terry Kelley ◽  
David L. Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Increasing Returns ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Plot Design

Three cropping sequences and three tillage systems were evaluated for increasing returns on small farms under reduced tillage. The sequences were spring 'Packman' broccoli followed by 'Sunny' tomatoes, spring broccoli/tomatoes/fall broccoli, and tomatoes/fall broccoli. Each sequence was grown conventionally tilled with no winter cover, conventionally tilled with a wheat winter cover and no-till transplanted directly into killed wheat. The study was conducted at Knoxville, TN (elev. 251m, Greeneville, TN (elev. 400m) and Crossville, TN (elev. 549m) during 1989 and 1990. Experiments were arranged in a strip plot design with sequences stripped across tillage treatments. No. 1 tomato yield was reduced in no-till at Greeneville (1989). Percentage of No. 1 tomatoes was not affected by tillage but the tomato-broccoli system produced a greater percentage at Greeneville (1990). Percentage of cull fruit was greater in Knoxville (1990) for conventional/no cover. A tomato-broccoli sequence produced more cull fruit at Knoxville (1990) and Greeneville (1989). Broccoli head size and subsequent yield and value was generally greater at most environments in conventionally tilled plots. Sequence generally had little affect on broccoli production.

Low-Rate Applications of Herbicides in Conventional and Reduced Tillage Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell W. Wallace ◽  
Robin R. Bellinder
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Low Rate

Linuron, metribuzin, oryzalin, and metolachlor were applied at recommended (1X) and two-thirds (0.67X) rates to evaluate control of redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters in conventional and rye-stubble reduced-tillage potato production systems. Regardless of tillage, common lambsquarters control was satisfactory during both seasons at both rates of linuron, metribuzin, and oryzalin. Redroot pigweed control by these three herbicides, although excellent in 1988, was poor in RT plots during 1987. Yields did not differ between tillage systems. Reduced weed control with metolachlor during both seasons, and possible crop injury with linuron in 1987 resulted in significant yield reductions.

Effectiveness of Herbicides and Tillage on Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Control in Corn (Zea mays)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Curran ◽  
Edward L. Werner ◽  
Nathan L. Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
One Year ◽  
Better Than

Postemergence applications of nicosulfuron and primisulfuron were compared to preplant glyphosate and atrazine plus simazine for quackgrass control in reduced tillage and no-till corn. The level of quackgrass control was reduced by no-till practices. At 6 wk after planting, glyphosate and atrazine plus simazine were most effective in controlling quackgrass. Quackgrass biomass 12 wk after planting indicated that the performance of the herbicides were generally similar, although primisulfuron was less effective in no-till. One year after corn planting, levels of quackgrass control in the tilled plots were the same as or better than in the no-till treatments. Atrazine plus simazine was the most effective herbicide treatment over tillage systems, while primisulfuron was the least effective.

scholarly journals Reduced Tillage Practices for the Southwestern US Peanut Production Region

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad B. Godsey ◽  
Jeffrey Vitale ◽  
Phil G. Mulder ◽  
Jon-Joseph Q. Armstrong ◽  
John P. Damicone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Strip Tillage

Abstract Oklahoma growers have increased their adoption of strip tillage (strip-till) and no tillage (no-till) systems as a means of reducing production costs and conserving soil resources. An experiment was conducted over three years to study the effects of three tillage systems [(conventional till (CT), no-till (NT), and strip-till (ST)] on pod yield, peanut grade, pest pressure, and economic profitability. Insect, disease, and weed incidence were determined in each year of the study. Peanut yield and grade were determined by mechanically harvesting the plot. No consistent differences were detected between NT and CT in peanut grade or yield when tillage systems were combined across years. In addition, no consistent differences were observed in disease incidence and insect populations. Economic analysis indicated that the NT system saved $93 ha−1 and generated $179 ha−1 more revenue compared to the CT system. Reduced tillage practices, especially NT, seem to be a good fit for SW peanut production areas.

GROWTH AND NPK UPTAKE BY SOYBEAN CULTIVARS IN NORTHERN U.S.A. UNDER REDUCED TILLAGE SYSTEMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. DEIBERT ◽  
R. A. UTTER
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Late Maturity

A field study was conducted during 1985–1987 on a Fargo clay soil to evaluate growth, and NPK content at beginning flowering, pod fill, and mature seed at harvest of an early- (McCall) and a late-maturity (Dawson) soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar as influenced by conventional (plow) or reduced (sweep, intertill, no-till) tillage systems and weed control methods. Excellent seed emergence was obtained on all tillage systems. Fall application of granular herbicide provided excellent weed control but herbicide plus cultivation caused reduced plant growth. Tillage system did not significantly affect plant and seed dry matter production. Yearly differences in dry matter production between early- and late-maturity cultivars depended on precipitation distribution. N and P uptake at pod fill was equal to seed uptake while K in the seed was one-half that measured at pod fill. Stratification of P and K in the surface soil profile of the reduced tillage systems was not detrimental and possibly enhanced early growth when root development was not extensive. Plants exhibited chlorosis on only the plow system under wet soil conditions indicating improved internal drainage under the reduced tillage systems. Interactions of climate with tillage system and cultivar maturity were more pronounced in this soybean study than previously reported which may be related to the cool, dry northern area.Key words: Soybean, no-till, zero-till, weed control, plant nutrients, cultivars, soil nutrient stratification

scholarly journals 403 Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata) Yield and Soil Erosion in Three Tillage Systems

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 462C-462
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Infante-Casella ◽  
Steven A. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Many squash varieties are large-seeded and may be well-suited for planting under no-till production systems. A study was done at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Bridgeton, N.J., to evaluate the yield and loss of soil when butternut squash (BS) (Cucurbita moschata `Waltham') was grown using no-till (NT), strip-till (ST), and bare ground (BG) tillage systems. The soil was a Sassafrass gravely sand loam and the field had a 3% slope. A cover crop mixture of hairy vetch and winter rye planted on 23 Sept. 1998 using a Brillion seeder at a rate of 136.2 kg/ha and 610.2 kg/ha, respectively, was used to create the NT and ST plots. NT and ST plots containing the cover crop mixture were killed with Glyphosate and chopped using a Buffalo stalk chopper on 27 May. BG plots were tilled clean before planting and ST plots were rototilled to a 30.48 cm band to establish a seedbed. BS seeds were hand-planted on 7 July with a spacing of 38.1 cm between plants and 182.9 cm between rows. Irrigation was applied overhead at a rate of 6.28 cm/ha weekly. Erosion was measured using inverted pans over the soil area to be measured. Harvest took place on 21Oct. and yields included only marketable fruit with the following results: NT = 8.65 t/ha; ST = 8.99 t/ha; BG = 4.06 t/ha. Yields in the NT and ST plots were significantly higher than yields in the BG plots. Soil erosion measurements were taken on 21 Oct. Soil loss results from the plots were 0.08 cm (NT), 0.84 cm (ST), and 3.33 cm (BG). Soil loss, mainly due to water erosion, was significantly higher in the BG plots. BS yields can be significantly higher when using alternative tillage systems like NT and ST. When using NT and ST systems for the production of BS, soil erosion is reduced

scholarly journals Emergence dynamics of barnyardgrass and jimsonweed from two depths when switching from conventional to reduced and no-till conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e1002
Author(s):  
Vasileios Vasileiadis ◽  
Robert J. Froud-Williams ◽  
Donato Loddo ◽  
Ilias G. Eleftherohorinos
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Disturbance Interaction

<p>A cylinder experiment was conducted in northern Greece during 2005 and 2006 to assess emergence dynamics of barnyardgrass (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em> (L.) Beauv.) and jimsonweed (<em>Datura stramonium </em>L.) in the case of a switch from conventional to conservation tillage systems (CT). Emergence was surveyed from two burial depths (5 and 10 cm) and with simulation of reduced tillage (<em>i.e.</em> by soil disturbance) and no-till conditions. Barnyardgrass emergence was significantly affected by burial depth, having greater emergence from 5 cm depth (96%) although even 78% of seedlings emerged from 10 cm depth after the two years of study. Emergence of barnyardgrass was stable across years from the different depths and tillage regimes. Jimsonweed<em> </em>seeds showed lower germination than barnyardgrass during the study period, whereas its emergence was significantly affected by soil disturbance having 41% compared to 28% without disturbance. A burial depth x soil disturbance interaction was also determined,<em> </em>which showed higher emergence from 10 cm depth with soil disturbance. Jimsonweed was found to have significantly higher emergence from 10 cm depth with soil disturbance in Year 2. Seasonal emergence timing of barnyardgrass did not vary between the different burial depth and soil disturbance regimes, as it started in April and lasted until end of May in both years. Jimsonweed<em> </em>showed a bimodal pattern, with first emergence starting end of April until mid-May and the second ranging from mid-June to mid-August from 10 cm burial depth and from mid-July to mid-August from 5 cm depth, irrespective of soil disturbance in both cases.</p>

Atrazine Carryover in Soil in a Reduced Tillage Crop Production System

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Burnside ◽  
G. A. Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Field Bioassay ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Persistence ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
A Minor

Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-isopropylamino)-s-triazine] carryover under reduced or no-till row crop production systems was measured by planting oats (Avena sativaL.) the following year as a field bioassay during 1970 through 1976 at Lincoln and North Platte, Nebraska. Oat yields indicate that soil persistence of normal-use rates of atrazine into the subsequent year is only a minor residue problem under reduced tillage cropping systems. Atrazine carryover in soil was less of a problem under these reduced tillage systems as compared with prior experiments with conventional tillage systems across Nebraska.

Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control in Reduced-Tillage Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Langemeier ◽  
William W. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine], pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine], and trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] either alone or in combination with fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy] propanoic acid}, haloxyfop {2-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid}, or sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} were evaluated for johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA] control in reduced-tillage soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] production systems. Data obtained in 1983 and 1984 near Lexington and Princeton, KY, indicated that johnsongrass could be effectively controlled. A single discing before application of the soil-active herbicides usually had no effect on johnsongrass control. Johnsongrass control was primarily dependent on foliarly applied herbicides. Preplant-incorporated treatments did not provide adequate johnsongrass control when used alone. Johnsongrass panicle numbers recorded in September corresponded to visual evaluations of control recorded earlier in the growing season. Soybean yield with all herbicide treatments was greater than with a nontreated control and was closely associated with the degree of johnsongrass control.

Farm-level profitability analysis of alternative tillage systems on clay soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel K. Yiridoe ◽  
Tony J. Vyn ◽  
Alfons Weersink ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Clarence Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
No Till ◽  
Significant Difference

Crop yields, production costs, and net returns for seven alternative conservation tillage (including five reduced tillage and two no-till) treatments were compared with a conventional tillage (CT) treatment for a corn (Zea mays L.) – soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) rotation for two clay soils in southwestern Ontario. There was no significant difference in corn and soybean yields between the CT and the conservation tillage systems at either location, although actual yields tended to be highest for CT management. Tillage treatments that used a common set of machinery for corn and soybean production generated savings in annual machinery costs. Variable costs were lowest for the reduced-tillage treatments and highest for the two no-till treatments due to higher equipment expenditures and additional herbicide requirements. For a given location, there was often no significant difference in net returns between CT and the conservation tillage treatments, although average net returns for the corn–soybean cropping systems tended to be highest for CT and lowest for no-till. Key words: Net returns analysis, conservation tillage systems, clay soils, corn, soybeans

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