scholarly journals MANGANESE TOXICITY OR TOLERANCE IN SWEETPOTATO

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 665e-665
Author(s):  
Desmond G. Mortley
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate 5 levels of Mn (0.00025 to 0.1 g.L-1) on Mn toxicity or tolerance of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] grown in a modified half Hoagland's solution. The presence of oxidized Mn on the roots and leaves was demonstrated by the blue staining test with benzidene and the solubility and bleaching of oxidized Mn in the oxalic-sulfuric acid solution. Both storage root and foliage fresh and dry weights were highest at Mn concn of 0.00025 g.L-1 in the nutrient solution, while fibrous root dry weight was highest with 0.01 g.L-1 Mn in the solution. More Mn accumulated in foliage than in fibrous roots for all levels of Mn evaluated. N, P, and K concn in foliage was highest at a Mn concn of 0.1 g.L-1 Mn in the solution. Foliage dry weight was preserved up to a high Mn level of about 2700 ug. g-1 Mn in tissues, while taht for storage roots was preserved up to a high Mn level of about 1000 ug. g-1 in the tissues. Deposition of oxidized Mn was observed on fibrous roots particularly at the highest Mn levels in the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals ALTERING NUTRIENT SOLUTION N:K RATIO TO INCREASE YIELDS OF SWEETPOTATO GROWN IN NFT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 731b-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Mortley ◽  
P A. Loretan ◽  
A.A Trotman ◽  
P. P David ◽  
L.C Garner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Long Duration

The effects of altering, nutrient solution N:K ratio on growth of `TI-155' sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] was evaluated in a greenhouse, as part of NASA's Closed Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) program for long duration space missions. Vine cuttings of `TI-155', were grown using nutrient film technique (NFT) in a modified half Hoagland's solution in channels (0.15×0.15×1.2 m). Plants were grown for 42 days in a culture solution in which N was doubled (6 mM) in order to accelerate foliage growth after which treatment N:K ratios of 1:2.4, (control) 1:4.8, and 1:7.2 were initiated. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. The number of storage roots/plant increased linearly as K was increased in the solution. Storage root fresh and dry weights, growth rate (g m-2 d-1), fibrous root dry weight, foliage fresh and dry weights, and edible biomass index (root mass/total plant mass), though not significant all increased as K was increased in the nutrient solution. Nutrient solution analyses showed that K uptake was greatest in plants at the highest K level, while nitrate uptake was steady over the duration of crop growth regardless of treatments.

scholarly journals SWEET POTATO GROWTH AND ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN FRITTED CLAY MEDIA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 855F-855
Author(s):  
P. J. Ndolo ◽  
E. G. Rhoden
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Potato Growth ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Root growth of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.] cvs `TI-82-155', `Centennial' and `Rojo Blanco' in coarse fritted clay soil, was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The sweet potato cultivars were harvested at 41 and 82 days after planting. Dry weight of fibrous roots of all cultivars were similar at day 41. Fibrous root weight of `Rojo Blanco' increased by 5% while those of the other cultivars increased by 168%. Mean fibrous root length per centimeter depth was not significantly different among cultivars. Although fresh weight of storage roots of `Rojo Blanco' was significantly lower than those of the other cultivars, their dry weights were similar. `TI-82-155' and `Rojo Blanco' had fewer storage roots compared to the other cultivars, however, storage root length of `TI-82-155' or `Rojo Blanco' was greater than that of `Georgia Jet' or `Centennial'. Length to diameter ratio of the storage root of `Rojo Blanco' was significantly greater than that of `TI-82-155' and `Georgia Jet'.

scholarly journals Failure Analysis under Electric Lights: Growth and Yield of Sweetpotato in Response to 14 Days of Prolonged Darkness

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1479-1481
Author(s):  
Desmond G. Mortley ◽  
Douglas R. Hileman ◽  
Conrad K. Bonsi ◽  
Walter A. Hill ◽  
Carlton E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
The Impact

Two sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] genotypes (TU-82-155 and NCC-58) were grown hydroponically and subjected to a temporary loss of lighting in the form of 14 days of prolonged darkness compared with a lighted control under standard daily light periods to determine the impact on growth responses and storage root yield. Vine cuttings of both genotypes were grown in rectangular channels. At 65 days after planting, lights were turned off in the treatment chambers and replaced by a single incandescent lamp, providing between 7 and 10 µmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) for 18 hours, and the temperature lowered from 28/22 °C light/dark, to a constant 20 °C. Plants remained under these conditions for 14 days after which the original light level was restored. Growth chamber conditions predark included, a PPF mean provided by 400-W metal halide lamps, of 600 ± 25 µmol·m−2·s−1, an 18-hour light/6-hour dark cycle and a relative humidity of 70% ± 5%. The nutrient solution used was a modified half-Hoagland with pH and electrical conductivity (EC) maintained between 5.5–6.0 and 1000–1200 μS·cm−1, respectively, and was adjusted weekly. Storage root number and fresh weight were similar regardless of treatments. Plants exposed to prolonged darkness produced 10.5% and 25% lower fibrous root fresh and dry mass, respectively, but similar foliage yield and harvest index (HI). ‘NCC-58’ produced an average of 31% greater storage root yield than that of ‘TU-82-155’ but the number of storage roots as well as % dry matter (%DM) were similar. ‘NCC-58’ also produced 31% greater fibrous root dry weight, whereas ‘TU-82-155’ produced a 44% greater HI. The significant interaction between prolonged darkness and cultivars for %DM of the storage roots showed that DM for ‘TU-82-155’ was 18.4% under prolonged darkness and 17.9% in the light. That for ‘NCC-58’ was 16.4% under prolonged darkness compared with 19.4% (14.8% greater) for plants that were not subjected to prolonged darkness. The evidence that there were no adverse impacts on storage root yield following the exposure to prolonged darkness suggests that the detrimental effects were below the detectable limits for these cultivars in response to the short perturbation in the available light and that sweetpotatoes would be hardy under short-term failure situations.

scholarly journals SWEET POTATO GROWTH AND ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN FRITTED CLAY MEDIA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 855f-855
Author(s):  
P. J. Ndolo ◽  
E. G. Rhoden
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Potato Growth ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Root growth of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.] cvs `TI-82-155', `Centennial' and `Rojo Blanco' in coarse fritted clay soil, was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The sweet potato cultivars were harvested at 41 and 82 days after planting. Dry weight of fibrous roots of all cultivars were similar at day 41. Fibrous root weight of `Rojo Blanco' increased by 5% while those of the other cultivars increased by 168%. Mean fibrous root length per centimeter depth was not significantly different among cultivars. Although fresh weight of storage roots of `Rojo Blanco' was significantly lower than those of the other cultivars, their dry weights were similar. `TI-82-155' and `Rojo Blanco' had fewer storage roots compared to the other cultivars, however, storage root length of `TI-82-155' or `Rojo Blanco' was greater than that of `Georgia Jet' or `Centennial'. Length to diameter ratio of the storage root of `Rojo Blanco' was significantly greater than that of `TI-82-155' and `Georgia Jet'.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility of Sweetpotato and Peanut in a Hydroponic System

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Mortley ◽  
P.A. Loretan ◽  
W.A. Hill ◽  
C.K. Bonsi ◽  
C.E. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass ◽  
Total Seed

`Georgia Red' peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and TU-82-155 sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] were grown in monocultured or intercropped recirculating hydroponic systems in a greenhouse using the nutrient film technique (NFT). The objective was to determine whether growth and subsequent yield would be affected by intercropping. Treatments were sweetpotato monoculture (SP), peanut monoculture (PN), and sweetpotato and peanut grown in separate NFT channels but sharing a common nutrient solution (SP-PN). Greenhouse conditions ranged from 24 to 33 °C, 60% to 90% relative humidity (RH), and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 200 to 1700 μmol·m-2·s-1. Sweetpotato cuttings (15 cm long) and 14-day-old seedlings of peanuts were planted into growth channels (0.15 × 0.15 × 1.2 m). Plants were spaced 25 cm apart within and 25 cm apart between growing channels. A modified half-Hoagland solution with a 1 N : 2.4 K ratio was used. Solution pH was maintained between 5.5 and 6.0 for treatments involving SP and 6.4 and 6.7 for PN. Electrical conductivity (EC) ranged between 1100 and 1200 μS·cm-1. The number of storage roots per sweetpotato plant was similar for both SP and SP-PN. Storage root fresh and dry mass were 29% and 36% greater, respectively, for plants in the SP-PN treatment than for plants in the SP treatment. The percent dry mass of the storage roots, dry mass of fibrous and pencil roots, and the length-to-diameter ratio of storage roots were similar for SP and SP-PN sweetpotato plants. Likewise, foliage fresh and dry mass and harvest index were not significantly influenced by treatment. Total dry mass was 37% greater for PN than for SP-PN peanut plants, and pod dry mass was 82% higher. Mature and total seed dry mass and fibrous root dry mass were significantly greater for PN than for SP-PN plants. Harvest index (HI) was similar for both treatments. Root length tended to be lower for seedlings grown in the nutrient solution from the SP-PN treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of Various Nitrate: Ammonium Ratios on Sweetpotato Growth

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 768F-768
Author(s):  
P.P. David ◽  
A.A. Trotman ◽  
D.G. Mortley ◽  
D. Douglas ◽  
J. Seminara
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Storage Roots

A study was initiated in the greenhouse to examine the effects of five \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}:\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} ratios on sweetpotato growth. Plants were grown from vine cuttings of 15-cm length, planted in 0.15 x 0.15 x 1.2-m growth channels using a closed nutrient film technique system. Nutrient was supplied in a modified half-strength Hoagland's solution with a 1:2:4 N:K ratio. \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}:\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} ratios investigated were 100:0, 0:100, 40:60, 60:40, and a control that consisted of a modified half-Hoagland solution with an N:K ratio of 1:2:4 and an \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}:\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} of 1:7. Treatments were initiated 30 days after planting (DAP). Sequential plant harvest began 30 DAP and continued at 30-day intervals until final harvest at 150 DAP. Results showed a linear increase in fresh storage root fresh weight until 90 DAP for all treatments. However, from 60 DAP until the end of the growing season, plants grown in a 100% \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\) \end{document} solution consistently produced significantly less storage roots than in all other treatments. While all other treatments showed a decrease in storage root fresh weight after 90 DAP, plants grown in 100% \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} and the control solution continued to increase linearly in storage root production. Storage root dry weight throughout the growing season followed similar trends to that of storage root fresh weight. Data suggest that a nutrient solution containing NO–3as its sole nitrogen source may be adequate for sweetpotato growth. This would make it possible for utilizing a one-way pH control method for nutrient solution.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF OF SWEETPOTATO GROWN IN NFT TO DIFFERENT PHOTOPERIODS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 665f-665
Author(s):  
D. G. Mortley ◽  
C. K. Bonsi ◽  
W. A. Hill ◽  
P. A. Loretan ◽  
C. E. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
And Storage

Growth chamber studies were conducted to determine growth responses of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) to differing photoperiods (PP) when grown by use of NFT. Four vine cuttings (15 cm length) of GA Jet and TI-155 were grown for 120 days at 12/12, 15/9, 18/6, and 21/3 light/dark PP. Irradiance averaged 427 umol m-2 s-1, with day/night temperatures of 28/22C and 70% RH. A modified half Hoagland's solution was used. Number of storage roots/plant, and storage root fresh and dry weights for GA Jet increased as PP increased from 12 to 21 h, while storage root fresh and dry weights for TI-155 increased up to 18 h PP but declined at 21 h PP. Storage root number/plant for TI-155 declined at 15 h PP but was higher at both 18 and 21 h PP. Highest foliage dry weight for GA Jet was obtained at 21 h PP while that for TI-155 was obtained at 18 h PP. Leaf area index (LAI) for GA Jet increased with increased PP, while LAI for TI-155 increased with increased PP up to 18 h then declined at 21 h PP.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SWEETPOTATO FIBROUS ROOT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN FRITTED CLAY MEDIA.

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 494a-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Rhoden ◽  
P. J. Ndolo ◽  
G. W. Carver
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Efficient Uptake ◽  
Fibrous Roots

A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the ability of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas), cv. `Centennial', `Rojo Blanco', `Georgia Jet' and `TI-82-155', fibrous roots to accumulate N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Sweetpotato plants were grown in a fritted clay medium and harvested 42 and 82 days after planting. Fibrous roots comprised 22 to 28.1% and 3.9 to 11.1% of the plant dry weight at 42 and 82 days after planting, respectively. There was no difference in the average root length/cm depth of soil among the four sweetpotato cultivars at day 42. While there was no difference in average root length among `Centennial', `Rojo Blanco' and `TI-82-155', these cultivars were significantly different from `Georgia Jet' at day 82. For the four cultivars, there were no significant differences in N, P, K, Mg and Ca Uptake at day 42, but each cultivar absorbed significantly more of each element 82 days after planting. `Georgia Jet' absorbed significantly more of the nutrients measured than the other cultivars, resulting in the highest dry matter yield. The data show that the efficient uptake and utilization of nutrients by sweetpotato are related to the amount of fibrous roots present.

scholarly journals Relative Humidity Influences Yield, Edible Biomass, and Linear Growth Rate of Sweetpotato

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Mortley ◽  
C.K. Bonsi ◽  
P.A. Loretan ◽  
W.A. Hill ◽  
C.E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Linear Growth Rate ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Temperature Regimes

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to study the physiological and growth response of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] to either 50% or 85 % relative humidity (RH). Vine cuttings of T1-155 were grown using the nutrient film technique in a randomized complete-block design with two replications. Temperature regimes of 28/22C were maintained during the light/dark periods with irradiance at canopy level of 600 μmol·m-2·s-1 and a 14/10-hour photoperiod. High RH (85%) increased the number of storage roots per plant and significantly increased storage root fresh and dry weight, but produced lower foliage fresh and dry weight than plants grown at 50% RH. Edible biomass index and linear growth rate (in grams per square meter per day) were significantly higher for plants grown at 85 % than at 50% RH. Leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were higher for plants at 85 % than at 50% RH. Thus, the principal effect of high RH on sweetpotato growth was the production of higher storage root yield, edible biomass, growth rate, and increased photosynthetic and stomatal activity.

scholarly journals Nutrient Composition of Sweetpotato Storage Roots Altered by Frequency of Nutrient Solution Change

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 802-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Grant ◽  
J.Y. Lu ◽  
D.G. Mortley ◽  
P.A. Loretan ◽  
C.K. Bonsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Total N ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Solution Change ◽  
Solution Changes

The sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] breeding clone TU-82-155 was grown during Spring 1990 and Summer 1991 in standard Tuskegee Univ. (Alabama) growth channels (0.15 × 0.15 × 1.2 m) for 120 days in a greenhouse using a hydroponic (nutrient film) system with a modified half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution. The nutrient solution was changed every 2, 14, or 28 days. Total N, oil, ash, amino acid, vitamin, and mineral concentrations in storage roots generally were higher and dry weight and starch concentration were lower with 2-day solution changes than with those less frequent.

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