Effects of Various Nitrate: Ammonium Ratios on Sweetpotato Growth

A study was initiated in the greenhouse to examine the effects of five \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}:\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} ratios on sweetpotato growth. Plants were grown from vine cuttings of 15-cm length, planted in 0.15 x 0.15 x 1.2-m growth channels using a closed nutrient film technique system. Nutrient was supplied in a modified half-strength Hoagland's solution with a 1:2:4 N:K ratio. \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}:\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} ratios investigated were 100:0, 0:100, 40:60, 60:40, and a control that consisted of a modified half-Hoagland solution with an N:K ratio of 1:2:4 and an \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}:\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} of 1:7. Treatments were initiated 30 days after planting (DAP). Sequential plant harvest began 30 DAP and continued at 30-day intervals until final harvest at 150 DAP. Results showed a linear increase in fresh storage root fresh weight until 90 DAP for all treatments. However, from 60 DAP until the end of the growing season, plants grown in a 100% \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\) \end{document} solution consistently produced significantly less storage roots than in all other treatments. While all other treatments showed a decrease in storage root fresh weight after 90 DAP, plants grown in 100% \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} and the control solution continued to increase linearly in storage root production. Storage root dry weight throughout the growing season followed similar trends to that of storage root fresh weight. Data suggest that a nutrient solution containing NO–3as its sole nitrogen source may be adequate for sweetpotato growth. This would make it possible for utilizing a one-way pH control method for nutrient solution.

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GROWTH ANALYSIS OF A SWEETPOTATO CULTIVAR GROWN IN AN NFT SYSTEM

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.7.731c ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 731c-731

Author(s):

Pauline P. David ◽

Audrey A. Trotman ◽

Desmond G. Mortley

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root Production ◽

Component Part ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Area Index ◽

Total Plant

One of the major objective of growth analysis data is to provide a basic understanding of some of the mechanisms that affect plant growth. This study was initiated to evaluate the effects on several growth parameters when plants are grown in an NFT system. Vine cuttings (15 cm length) of the sweetpotato cultivar ``Georgia Jet” was grown in a closed NFT system for a period of 120 days. Nutrient was supplied in a modified half-strength Hoagland's solution with a N:K ratio of 1:2.4. Destructive harvesting of plants occurred at 14 day intervals at which time plants were separated into their various component parts and analyzed for dry weight accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Results showed dry weight distribution within the plant had a linear response for all component part evaluated. Greatest contributors to total plant dry weight was stem followed by leaves, fibrous roots, buds and flowers. However, once storage root production occurred it contributed the largest percentage to total plant dry weight. LAI was optimum at 80 days after planting (DAP) while CGR and RGR fluctuated throughout the growing season. Initially NAR was higher in foliage than storage roots but declined once storage root enlargement began, suggesting a translocation of assimilates to storage root.

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MANGANESE TOXICITY OR TOLERANCE IN SWEETPOTATO

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.665e ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 665e-665

Author(s):

Desmond G. Mortley

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Storage Root ◽

Fibrous Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Mn Toxicity ◽

Fibrous Roots

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate 5 levels of Mn (0.00025 to 0.1 g.L-1) on Mn toxicity or tolerance of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] grown in a modified half Hoagland's solution. The presence of oxidized Mn on the roots and leaves was demonstrated by the blue staining test with benzidene and the solubility and bleaching of oxidized Mn in the oxalic-sulfuric acid solution. Both storage root and foliage fresh and dry weights were highest at Mn concn of 0.00025 g.L-1 in the nutrient solution, while fibrous root dry weight was highest with 0.01 g.L-1 Mn in the solution. More Mn accumulated in foliage than in fibrous roots for all levels of Mn evaluated. N, P, and K concn in foliage was highest at a Mn concn of 0.1 g.L-1 Mn in the solution. Foliage dry weight was preserved up to a high Mn level of about 2700 ug. g-1 Mn in tissues, while taht for storage roots was preserved up to a high Mn level of about 1000 ug. g-1 in the tissues. Deposition of oxidized Mn was observed on fibrous roots particularly at the highest Mn levels in the nutrient solution.

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CONTINUOUS USE OF PLANT NUTRIENT SOLUTION FOR HYDROPONIC CULTURE OF SWEETPOTATO:IMPLICATIONS AND EFFECTS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.7.731d ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 731d-731

Author(s):

A.A. Trotman ◽

P.P. David ◽

D.G. Mortley ◽

G.W. Carver

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Hydroponic Culture ◽

Root Production ◽

Plant Nutrient ◽

Storage Root ◽

Root Yield ◽

Solution Composition ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Continuous Use

In a greenhouse study, continuous use of the same plant nutrient solution for hydroponic culture of sweetpotato was investigated to determine the effect on storage root yield, plant growth and nutrient solution composition. Plants were grown for 120 days under continuous flow from a 30.4-liter reservoir. Plant growth was compared when nutrient solution was changed at 14-day intervals and when nutrient solution was not changed but nutrients replenished through addition of a Modified half-Hoagland's (N:K=1:2.4) plant nutrient solution when volume in reservoir was -10 liters. Storage root yield was significantly decreased (181 vs 310.3 g/plant) and foliar biomass was significantly increased (372.4 vs 2% g/plant) when nutrient solution was not changed Nitrate and phosphate concentrations decreased in the plant nutrient over the duration of the experiment while sulfate and chloride concentrations increased. Salinity and electrical conductivity were monitored at 2-day intervals and increased with duration of the crop. Increased foliage production may have been the result of nitrogen replenishment going largely for foliage rather than storage root production. It may be that continuous use of the same plant nutrient solution as practiced in this study, resulted in lowered phosphate and nitrate concentrations that limited uptake of these ions by sweetpotato plants, thus reducing yield

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Competitive and Allelopathic Effects of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500040789 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 372-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Stephen M. Irons ◽

Orvin C. Burnside

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Root Exudates ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Allelopathic Effects

In the field, soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 71′] required 4 to 6 weeks free of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) competition for maximum yield. Competition studies suggested that more than one type of interference was involved when sunflowers grew with soybeans. In greenhouse studies, soybean height, fresh weight, and dry weight were significantly reduced at certain sunflower and soybean densities and levels of competition. Sunflower height was not reduced by any level of competition, but sunflower fresh and dry weights were reduced with high sunflower and soybean populations. Two percent (w/w) or greater amounts of ground, mature sunflower leaves mixed into the soil reduced emergence and growth of soybeans, sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘G-625 GBR′], and sunflower. A mixture of powdered stems and branches of sunflower also reduced growth of the three species, although it was not as phytotoxic as ground leaves. Sunflower roots apparently released exudates into the nutrient solution and soil. Sunflower root exudates inhibited sunflower emergence, and reduced sorghum, soybean, and sunflower height, fresh weight, and dry weight.

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EFFECTS OF WATER AVAILABILITY AND VINE HARVESTING FREQUENCY ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SWEET POTATO IN SOUTHERN MOZAMBIQUE. I. STORAGE ROOT AND VINE YIELDS

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s001447970100045x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 523-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. Gomes ◽

M. K. V. Carr

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Water Use ◽

Water Availability ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Season ◽

Storage Root ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Supplementary Irrigation ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Water Use Efficiencies

In Mozambique the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is often grown as both a leafy vegetable, the terminal shoots or vines being progressively harvested during the season, and as a root crop. This paper reports the results of experiments designed to evaluate the effects of drought and vine harvesting frequency on the productivity of both yield components (cv. TIS 2534). Experiments were conducted during the rainy and dry seasons, with supplementary irrigation treatments superimposed. As the frequency of vine harvesting (equivalent to the number of harvests) increased, the total fresh weight of vines increased. There was a corresponding reduction in the yield of storage roots, however, particularly under well-watered conditions. As a result, the total harvested yield (vines plus roots) was remarkably stable in both wet and dry seasons (43–45 t ha−1 fresh weight). The cumulative dry weight of harvested vines increased with the number of harvests at constant rates, depending on water availability (from +150 to +250 when rain-fed, up to +340 to +440 kg ha−1 harvest−1 when irrigated). The corresponding rates of reduction in storage root yields varied from −3 to −130 (rain-fed) down to 310 to 400 kg ha−1 harvest−1 (irrigated). Total dry weight yields under well-watered conditions were constant at about 11 to 13 t ha−1, or double this on an annual basis. Irrigation water-use efficiencies (by dry weight of harvested crop) were generally higher in the dry season than in the rains. For vine production they increased with the number of harvests from 1.6 to 3.5 (rains) up to 0.9 to 6.7 kg ha−1 mm−1 (dry season). The corresponding values for root production were 7.5 to 13.1 (rains) and 12.2 to 19.1 kg ha−1 mm−1 (dry season). For the combined dry weight yields the water-use efficiencies were, with one exception, independent of harvesting frequency at 11.2 (rains) and 19.0 kg ha−1 mm−1 (dry season). Irrigated plants harvested at weekly intervals yielded vine dry weights of about 0.5–0.6 t ha−1 week−1. Compensatory vine growth (reported elsewhere) was observed in previously droughted plants following a rainfall event. The practical implications of these results are discussed. Future papers describe in more detail the physiological aspects of the observed yield responses.

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Nitrate Uptake and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Two Sweetpotato Genotypes during Early Stages of Storage Root Formation

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.123.5.814 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 123 (5) ◽

pp. 814-820 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Margarita R. Villagarcia ◽

Wanda W. Collins ◽

C. David Raper

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Matter ◽

N Availability ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Total N ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Complete Nutrient Solution ◽

N Use

Soil N availability is an important component in storage root production of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batata (L.) Lam.]. A controlled-environment experiment was conducted to characterize effects of N availability on patterns of dry matter, nonstructural carbohydrates, and N accumulation, and to determine possible components of N use efficiency that vary between two genotypes of sweetpotato. Rooted cuttings of `Jewel' and MD810 were transplanted into pots filled with sand and kept in a growth chamber for 72 days. Plants were watered during the first 30 days with a complete nutrient solution that contained 14 mm NO3- and then for the next 42 days with one of three complete nutrient solution that contained either 2, 8, or 14 mm NO3-. At 30, 44, 58, and 72 days after transplanting, three plants from each cultivar and treatment combination were sampled and separated into leaves, stems plus petioles, fibrous roots, and storage roots. Each plant fraction was freeze-dried, weighed, ground, and analyzed for total N, soluble sugars, and starch. Availability of N in the substrate, which limited dry matter accumulation at 2 mm NO3-, was nonlimiting at 8 and 14 mm NO3-. In both genotypes, net assimilation rate, efficiency of N use (i.e., increments of dry matter accumulated per increment of N taken up), and proportion of dry matter allocated to storage roots were greater for N-stressed (2 mm NO3-) than N-replete (8 and 14 mm NO3-) plants. For the N-stressed plants, however, efficiency of N use was greater in MD810 than in `Jewel'. Although rate of NO3- uptake per unit fibrous root mass was similar in the two genotypes under the N stress treatment, MD810 had greater uptake rate than `Jewel' under nonlimiting availability of NO3- in the substrate. The increased rate of uptake under nonlimiting NO3- supplies apparently was related to enhanced rates of carbohydrate transport from shoots to roots. As tissue concentration of N declined in response to the lowest application of NO3-, shoot growth was limited prior to, and to a greater extent than, the photosynthetic rate. The resulting relative decline in sink activity of shoots thus presumably increased the availability of carbohydrates for transport to roots.

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Sugar beet response to different K, Na and Mg ratios in applied fertilizers

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/809/2017-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 173-179

Author(s):

Barłóg Przemysław ◽

Szczepaniak Witold ◽

Grzebisz Witold ◽

Pogłodziński Radosław

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growing Season ◽

Simultaneous Increase ◽

Storage Root ◽

Optimum Ratio ◽

Rate Reduction ◽

Total Rate ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Root Quality

Potassium (K) in sugar beet can be partly replaced by magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na). This hypothesis was verified based on 12 field experiments conducted on four farms in Poland during the seasons 2010–2012. The effect of different K, Na and Mg ratios in fertilizers applied in the total rate of 3205 mol/ha on beet yield (BY), storage root quality and white sugar yield (WSY) was determined. The tested K:Mg:Na cation ratios were as follows: 1:0:0; 1:0.11:0.09; 1:0.16:0.54 and 1:0.33:2.19. BY and WSY were affected by the total rate of the applied cations. The optimum ratio of K:Mg:Na was different with respect to the site and the growing season. The K rate reduction from 125 to 24 kg/ha combined with the simultaneous increase in the rate of Mg and Na did not result in lower BY. However, a too narrow K:Na ratio in applied fertilizers resulted in a decrease of sucrose content in storage roots. The fertilization cost for sugar beet production could be reduced through the application of fertilizers that contain fixed amounts of Na on soils rich in available K.

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Effect of Water Stress on Ginsenoside Production and Growth of American Ginseng

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.16.3.0517 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 517-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wansang Lim ◽

Kenneth W. Mudge ◽

Jin Wook Lee

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Water Potential ◽

Dry Weight ◽

American Ginseng ◽

Panax Quinquefolium ◽

Storage Root ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Stress Treatment ◽

And Storage

We determined the effect of moderate water stress on the growth of american ginseng (Panax quinquefolium), and on concentrations of six major ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd). Two-year-old “rootlets” (dormant rhizome and storage root) were cultivated in pots, in a cool greenhouse (18.3 ± 2 °C). Pots were watered either every 5 days (control) or every 10 days (stress), repeatedly for 8 days. Soil volumetric water content was measured during the last 10 days of the experiment for both treatments. Leaf water potential, measured on the last day of the experiment, was -0.43 MPa for the control and -0.83 MPa for the stress treatment. Drought stress did not affect above-ground shoot or root dry weight. Initial rootlet fresh weight (covariate) had a significant effect on the concentration of ginsenosides Re, Rb1, Rc, and Rb2. Drought stress increased the concentration of ginsenosides Re, Rb1, and total ginsenoside concentration.

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The Impact of Seasonal Environments in a Tropical Savanna Climate on Forking, Leaf Area Index, and Biomass of Cassava Genotypes

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9010019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Phanupong Phoncharoen ◽

Poramate Banterng ◽

Nimitr Vorasoot ◽

Sanun Jogloy ◽

Piyada Theerakulpisut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Weather Data ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Area Index ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

The Impact ◽

And Storage

Information on the forking, leaf area index, and biomass of cassava for different growing seasons could help design appropriate management to improve yield. The objective was to evaluate the forking date, leaf growth, and storage root yield of different cassava genotypes grown at different planting dates. Four cassava genotypes (Kasetsart 50, Rayong 9, Rayong 11, and CMR38–125–77) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The cassava genotypes were planted on 20 April, 25 May, 30 June, 5 October, 10 November, and 15 December 2015, and 19 May and 3 November 2016. The soil properties prior to the planting, forking date, leaf area index (LAI), dry weights, harvest index (HI), starch content, and weather data were recorded. The forking date patterns for all of the growing seasons varied depending on the cassava genotypes. The weather caused occurring in the first forking for the Rayong 11 and CMR38–125–77 and the second forking for Rayong 11, but not for Kasetsart 50. The forking CMR38–125–77 had a higher LAI, leaf dry weight, biomass, and storage root dry weight than the non-forking Rayong 9. The higher storage root yields in Rayong 9 compared with Rayong 11 were due to an increased partitioning of the storage roots.

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RESPONSE OF OF SWEETPOTATO GROWN IN NFT TO DIFFERENT PHOTOPERIODS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.665f ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 665f-665

Author(s):

D. G. Mortley ◽

C. K. Bonsi ◽

W. A. Hill ◽

P. A. Loretan ◽

C. E. Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root Number ◽

Storage Root ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Area Index ◽

Chamber Studies ◽

Growth Chamber Studies ◽

And Storage

Growth chamber studies were conducted to determine growth responses of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) to differing photoperiods (PP) when grown by use of NFT. Four vine cuttings (15 cm length) of GA Jet and TI-155 were grown for 120 days at 12/12, 15/9, 18/6, and 21/3 light/dark PP. Irradiance averaged 427 umol m-2 s-1, with day/night temperatures of 28/22C and 70% RH. A modified half Hoagland's solution was used. Number of storage roots/plant, and storage root fresh and dry weights for GA Jet increased as PP increased from 12 to 21 h, while storage root fresh and dry weights for TI-155 increased up to 18 h PP but declined at 21 h PP. Storage root number/plant for TI-155 declined at 15 h PP but was higher at both 18 and 21 h PP. Highest foliage dry weight for GA Jet was obtained at 21 h PP while that for TI-155 was obtained at 18 h PP. Leaf area index (LAI) for GA Jet increased with increased PP, while LAI for TI-155 increased with increased PP up to 18 h then declined at 21 h PP.

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