scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SWEETPOTATO FIBROUS ROOT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN FRITTED CLAY MEDIA.

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 494a-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Rhoden ◽  
P. J. Ndolo ◽  
G. W. Carver
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Efficient Uptake ◽  
Fibrous Roots

A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the ability of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas), cv. `Centennial', `Rojo Blanco', `Georgia Jet' and `TI-82-155', fibrous roots to accumulate N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Sweetpotato plants were grown in a fritted clay medium and harvested 42 and 82 days after planting. Fibrous roots comprised 22 to 28.1% and 3.9 to 11.1% of the plant dry weight at 42 and 82 days after planting, respectively. There was no difference in the average root length/cm depth of soil among the four sweetpotato cultivars at day 42. While there was no difference in average root length among `Centennial', `Rojo Blanco' and `TI-82-155', these cultivars were significantly different from `Georgia Jet' at day 82. For the four cultivars, there were no significant differences in N, P, K, Mg and Ca Uptake at day 42, but each cultivar absorbed significantly more of each element 82 days after planting. `Georgia Jet' absorbed significantly more of the nutrients measured than the other cultivars, resulting in the highest dry matter yield. The data show that the efficient uptake and utilization of nutrients by sweetpotato are related to the amount of fibrous roots present.

scholarly journals MANGANESE TOXICITY OR TOLERANCE IN SWEETPOTATO

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 665e-665
Author(s):  
Desmond G. Mortley
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate 5 levels of Mn (0.00025 to 0.1 g.L-1) on Mn toxicity or tolerance of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] grown in a modified half Hoagland's solution. The presence of oxidized Mn on the roots and leaves was demonstrated by the blue staining test with benzidene and the solubility and bleaching of oxidized Mn in the oxalic-sulfuric acid solution. Both storage root and foliage fresh and dry weights were highest at Mn concn of 0.00025 g.L-1 in the nutrient solution, while fibrous root dry weight was highest with 0.01 g.L-1 Mn in the solution. More Mn accumulated in foliage than in fibrous roots for all levels of Mn evaluated. N, P, and K concn in foliage was highest at a Mn concn of 0.1 g.L-1 Mn in the solution. Foliage dry weight was preserved up to a high Mn level of about 2700 ug. g-1 Mn in tissues, while taht for storage roots was preserved up to a high Mn level of about 1000 ug. g-1 in the tissues. Deposition of oxidized Mn was observed on fibrous roots particularly at the highest Mn levels in the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals Effect of Salt Stress on Germination and Growth Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbode Foluso OLOGUNDUDU ◽  
Adekunle Ajayi ADELUSI ◽  
Richard Olutayo AKINWALE
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties

The response of eight varieties of Oryza sativa L. (‘NERICA 1’, ‘NERICA 5’, ‘NERICA 12’, ‘NERICA 19’, ‘IR 29’, ‘IR 20’, ‘IWA 11’, and ‘POKKALI’, a salt tolerant check) against four salinity levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 ds m-1) were studied at germination and early growth stages. Data were analyzed using Statistical Analytical System (SAS) and means were separated by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for Final Germination Percentage (FGP), Speed of Germination (SG), Germination Energy Percentage (GE%), shoot and root length and root and shoot dry weight. Based on dry matter yield reduction, rice varieties were classified as tolerant (T), moderately tolerant (MT), moderately susceptible (MS) or susceptible (S). Germination was not recorded at 20 ds m-1 salt concentration in all cultivars. Salinity decreased FGP, SG, GE% and led to reduction in shoot and root length and dry weight in all varieties and the magnitude of reduction increased with increasing salinity stress. Rice varieties ‘NERICA 12’, ‘IR 20’, ‘IWA 11’ and ‘NERICA 19’ showed greater salt tolerance during germination (germinated at 10 ds m-1 salinity). However, ‘NERICA 1’, ‘IR 29’, and ‘IR 20’ performed better based on dry matter yield reduction. The result suggested that ‘NERICA 1’, ‘IR 29’, and ‘IR 20’ might be used for further study of salinity effect on growth processes and physiological consequences at advanced stage of growth. The physiological responses of rice plants to salinity at various developmental stages are therefore critical for identifying salinity tolerance in the cultivars.

scholarly journals SWEET POTATO GROWTH AND ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN FRITTED CLAY MEDIA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 855F-855
Author(s):  
P. J. Ndolo ◽  
E. G. Rhoden
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Potato Growth ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Root growth of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.] cvs `TI-82-155', `Centennial' and `Rojo Blanco' in coarse fritted clay soil, was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The sweet potato cultivars were harvested at 41 and 82 days after planting. Dry weight of fibrous roots of all cultivars were similar at day 41. Fibrous root weight of `Rojo Blanco' increased by 5% while those of the other cultivars increased by 168%. Mean fibrous root length per centimeter depth was not significantly different among cultivars. Although fresh weight of storage roots of `Rojo Blanco' was significantly lower than those of the other cultivars, their dry weights were similar. `TI-82-155' and `Rojo Blanco' had fewer storage roots compared to the other cultivars, however, storage root length of `TI-82-155' or `Rojo Blanco' was greater than that of `Georgia Jet' or `Centennial'. Length to diameter ratio of the storage root of `Rojo Blanco' was significantly greater than that of `TI-82-155' and `Georgia Jet'.

scholarly journals SWEET POTATO GROWTH AND ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN FRITTED CLAY MEDIA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 855f-855
Author(s):  
P. J. Ndolo ◽  
E. G. Rhoden
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Potato Growth ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Root growth of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.] cvs `TI-82-155', `Centennial' and `Rojo Blanco' in coarse fritted clay soil, was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The sweet potato cultivars were harvested at 41 and 82 days after planting. Dry weight of fibrous roots of all cultivars were similar at day 41. Fibrous root weight of `Rojo Blanco' increased by 5% while those of the other cultivars increased by 168%. Mean fibrous root length per centimeter depth was not significantly different among cultivars. Although fresh weight of storage roots of `Rojo Blanco' was significantly lower than those of the other cultivars, their dry weights were similar. `TI-82-155' and `Rojo Blanco' had fewer storage roots compared to the other cultivars, however, storage root length of `TI-82-155' or `Rojo Blanco' was greater than that of `Georgia Jet' or `Centennial'. Length to diameter ratio of the storage root of `Rojo Blanco' was significantly greater than that of `TI-82-155' and `Georgia Jet'.

PREDICTED FORAGE VALUE OF WHOLE PLANT CEREALS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Forage Value

Dry matter yield, percent dry weight, in vitro digestible dry matter, in vitro digestible organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash and hemicellulose contents were determined for spring- and fall-sown common wheat, barley, rye and triticale and spring-sown durum wheat and oats for the period from late boot to maturity. Differences among cultivars and stages of maturity were significant for all parameters. These differences were accompanied by stage of maturity interactions. Consideration of the interrelationships among these parameters revealed that level of in vitro digestible dry matter was reflected in measures of acid detergent fiber and ash or percent dry weight. Further analyses indicated that differences in digestibility due to stage of maturity were primarily reflected by changes in ash or percent dry weight, while differences in digestibility among cultivars were mainly attributable to differences in acid detergent fiber.

Seasonal changes in growth and nodulation of perennial tropical pasture legumes in the field. I. The influence of planting date and grazing and cutting on Desmodium uncinatum and Phaseolus atropurpureus

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Whiteman ◽  
A Lulhan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Made In

Plantings of D. uncinatum and P. atropuvpureus were made in October and December 1965 and February and April 1966, and subsequently the plots were either rotationally grazed by sheep, cut with a mower at 3 inches, or left undefoliated. Monthly samples were taken to determine individual plant dry weight, nodule weight per plant, nodule number, and mean weight per nodule. Three samples for plot dry matter yield were also taken. Individual plant dry weight was higher in the October and December sowings, although by the end of the second growing season dry matter yield per plot was higher in the December and February sowings. Dry matter yield of legume was depressed by April planting. D. uncinatum began regrowth in spring 2 months earlier than P, atropurpureus, when minimum temperatures exceeded 48-50�F compared with 57' for P. atropurpureus. Both species had marked seasonal peaks in nodule and plant dry weight. The rapid decline in nodule weight could not be directly related to the onset of flowering or frosts. Grazing caused a greater reduction than cutting in terms of plant and nodule weight and legume yield. In P. atropurpureus nodule weight per plant was reduced through a decline in mean weight per nodule, while in D. uncinatum grazing and cutting reduced nodule number per plant.

Effect of drought on growth and water use of sugar beet

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay F. Brown ◽  
A. B. Messem ◽  
R. J. Dunham ◽  
P. V. Biscoe
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Fibrous Roots

SummaryThe growth and water use of sugar beet affected by early (ED) and late (LD) drought was compared with that of irrigated (I) and unirrigated (NI) controls. Mobile shelters were used to exclude rain from ED plots during June and July, and LD plots during August and September, respectively, whereas outside these periods the ED and LD plots were irrigated as necessary.The ED treatment affected the fibrous roots severely. Many of the roots in the top 60 cm of soil died and development of the root system below this depth was slow. Expansion of the leaf canopy slowed, radiation interception was reduced and the rate of water use fell from about 1·2 times to 0·6 times Penman potential transpiration rate. The LD treatment, which was imposed when the fibrous root system was already extensive, had little effect on the fibrous roots except in the top soil. The accessible soil water was quickly depleted and the resulting stress was accompanied by earlier senescence of leaves. The rate of converting intercepted light to crop dry matter was reduced in both treatments. However, the ED treatment was the most detrimental because the amount of light intercepted in the months of highest radiation was greatly reduced owing to the restricted leaf cover. The relative effects on growth are reflected in the final sugar yields which were 8·7, 10·5, 9·9 and 12·0 (±0·30) t/ha in the ED, LD, NI and I treatments respectively.More of the deep soil water was used in the drought-affected plots (particularly LD) than in the irrigated controls. Maximum depths of water extraction were 140–150 cm in ED and I plots and > 170 cm in LD plots. The highest uptake rates per unit length of root (20–40 μl/cm per day) were measured in the deepest part of the root system. At all depths, uptake rates declined as the soil dried. After correcting for overestimated water use where necessary, the ratios of final dry matter and sugar yields respectively to season-long water use (June–October) were close to 1·4 and 0·8 t/ha per 25 mm for all four treatments.

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake and dry matter yield in the ‘Gunung’ yam (Dioscorea alata) grown on an Ultisol without vine support

1969 ◽  
Vol 79 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Héber Irizarry ◽  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
Ulises Chardón
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
A Minor

Two experiments were established 1 May through 1 December 1991 and 1992 to determine the monthly nutrient uptake and dry matter production of the 'Gunung' yam (Dioscorea alata) grown on an Ultisol. During the first year the plants were fertilized with 0; 667; 1,333; 2,000 and 2,667 kg/ha of a 15-5- 15-5 (N, P2O5, K2O and MgO) fertilizer supplemented with a minor element mixture. No fertilizer was applied the second year. Biomass harvests were conducted at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 months after planting. At each harvest, the plants were dug-up and separated into leaf-laminas, vine and petioles, roots and tubers. Fresh and oven-dry weights of the plant components were determined and samples from each were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Regardless of the year, tuber dry matter yield was not significantly affected by the fertilizer treatment. Maximum nutrient uptakes were 214 kg/ha of N, 19 kg/ha of P, 223 kg/ha of K, 95 kg/ha of Ca and 9 kg/ha of Mg. Nitrogen, K and Ca uptake peaks occurred about five months after planting. Maximum dry matter production was 11,303 kg/ha, 8,672 kg/ha of which was tuber dry weight. The dry matter production peak occurred at the completion of the 7-month cropping cycle. The plants utilized 24.7 kg/ha of N, 2.2 kg/ha of P, 25.7 kg/ha of K, 11.0 kg/ha of Ca and 1.0 kg/ha of Mg, for every 1,000 kg/ha of edible dry matter produced.

scholarly journals The Hormonal Seed Priming in Relation to Carrot Germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Filza Ghafoor ◽  
Sana Liaqat ◽  
Waseem Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Seedling Length

Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment used to reduce stress effects in crops .This technique has been used to increase the germination rate of seeds mainly under unfavorable environmental condition. Crop productivity faces many problems like that unavailability of suitable condition that causes unbalanced seedling growth and poor germination. Hormones are essential to improve plant growth, development, crop yield quality and quantity. Auxin is essential hormones that improves germination of seeds and reduce stress effects. Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of seed priming using different concentrations of IAA and IBA on carrot seeds (Daucus carota). In laboratory experiment, three concentrations of IAA and IBA (75 ppm, 50ppm, 25ppm) treated with distilled water with priming duration of 24 hours. Experiment was laid out in CRD with three replications. Data was collected to investigate the effect of seed priming with IAA and IBA under these condition like that (fresh weight, dry weight, speed of germination, root length, seed length, seedling length, final germination rate, mean germination time and dry matter content). Maximum fresh weight, final germination percentage, seedling length, energy of germination, speed of germination and mean germination rate was recorded IBA 75ppm. Maximum dry weight and dry matter content was observed IBA 25ppm.Maximum shoot length was recorded IBA 50ppm. Non-significant difference was recorded in root length.

scholarly journals Substantial Leaf Shedding—A Consistent Phenomenon among High-yielding Sweetpotato Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 826-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. McLaurin ◽  
S.J. Kays
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Leaf Shedding ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Correlations

Four high-yielding sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars displayed substantial leaf shedding, under typical field production conditions, that was not due to pathological or herbivory causes. Losses ranged from ≈ 45% to 60% of the total leaves formed by the normal harvest date during 2 years. There was a strong positive correlation between leaf shedding and the number of vines (r2 = 0.80) and nodes (r2 = 0.89) per plant. Likewise, positive correlations were found between leaf shedding and total dry weight (r2 = 0.67), root fresh weight (r2 = 0.65), root dry weight (r2 = 0.60), and vine dry weight (r2 = 0.68). Distinct differences were found among cultivars in dry-matter allocation within the plant. `Jewel' allocated a lower percentage of dry matter into vines and a higher percentage into storage roots. Estimated leaf dry matter losses due to leaf shedding ranged from 1.2 to 2.6 t·ha-1. High leaf losses appear to be closely related to vigorous vine growth and subsequent shading of older leaves but did not have a negative impact on storage root yield in the cultivars tested.

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