Biocompatibility of Sweetpotato and Peanut in a Hydroponic System

`Georgia Red' peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and TU-82-155 sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] were grown in monocultured or intercropped recirculating hydroponic systems in a greenhouse using the nutrient film technique (NFT). The objective was to determine whether growth and subsequent yield would be affected by intercropping. Treatments were sweetpotato monoculture (SP), peanut monoculture (PN), and sweetpotato and peanut grown in separate NFT channels but sharing a common nutrient solution (SP-PN). Greenhouse conditions ranged from 24 to 33 °C, 60% to 90% relative humidity (RH), and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 200 to 1700 μmol·m-2·s-1. Sweetpotato cuttings (15 cm long) and 14-day-old seedlings of peanuts were planted into growth channels (0.15 × 0.15 × 1.2 m). Plants were spaced 25 cm apart within and 25 cm apart between growing channels. A modified half-Hoagland solution with a 1 N : 2.4 K ratio was used. Solution pH was maintained between 5.5 and 6.0 for treatments involving SP and 6.4 and 6.7 for PN. Electrical conductivity (EC) ranged between 1100 and 1200 μS·cm-1. The number of storage roots per sweetpotato plant was similar for both SP and SP-PN. Storage root fresh and dry mass were 29% and 36% greater, respectively, for plants in the SP-PN treatment than for plants in the SP treatment. The percent dry mass of the storage roots, dry mass of fibrous and pencil roots, and the length-to-diameter ratio of storage roots were similar for SP and SP-PN sweetpotato plants. Likewise, foliage fresh and dry mass and harvest index were not significantly influenced by treatment. Total dry mass was 37% greater for PN than for SP-PN peanut plants, and pod dry mass was 82% higher. Mature and total seed dry mass and fibrous root dry mass were significantly greater for PN than for SP-PN plants. Harvest index (HI) was similar for both treatments. Root length tended to be lower for seedlings grown in the nutrient solution from the SP-PN treatment.

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High Relative Humidity Increases Yield, Harvest Index, Flowering, and Gynophore Growth of Hydroponically Grown Peanut Plants

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.1.46 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 46-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D.G. Mortley ◽

C.K. Bonsi ◽

P.A. Loretan ◽

W.A. Hill ◽

C.E. Morris

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Seed Maturity ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Nutrient Film Technique ◽

Total Seed ◽

Hydroponically Grown

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to study the physiological and growth response of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to 50% and 85% relative humidity (RH). The objective was to determine the effects of RH on pod and seed yield, harvest index, and flowering of peanut grown by the nutrient film technique (NFT). `Georgia Red' peanut plants (14 days old) were planted into growth channels (0.15 × 0.15 × 1.2 m). Plants were spaced 25 cm apart with 15 cm between channels. A modified half-Hoagland solution with an additional 2 mm Ca was used. Solution pH was maintained between 6.4 and 6.7, and electrical conductivity (EC) ranged between 1100 and 1200 μS·cm–1. Temperature regimes of 28/22 °C were maintained during the light/dark periods (12 hours each) with photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) at canopy level of 500 μmol·m–2·s–1. Foliage and pod fresh and dry weights, total seed yield, harvest index (HI), and seed maturity were greater at high than at low RH. Plants grown at 85% RH had greater total and individual leaflet area and stomatal conductance, flowered 3 days earlier and had a greater number of flowers reaching anthesis. Gynophores grew more rapidly at 85% than at 50% RH.

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ALTERING NUTRIENT SOLUTION N:K RATIO TO INCREASE YIELDS OF SWEETPOTATO GROWN IN NFT

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.7.731b ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 731b-731 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D.G. Mortley ◽

P A. Loretan ◽

A.A Trotman ◽

P. P David ◽

L.C Garner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Life Support ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Culture Solution ◽

Fibrous Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Nutrient Film Technique ◽

Long Duration

The effects of altering, nutrient solution N:K ratio on growth of `TI-155' sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] was evaluated in a greenhouse, as part of NASA's Closed Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) program for long duration space missions. Vine cuttings of `TI-155', were grown using nutrient film technique (NFT) in a modified half Hoagland's solution in channels (0.15×0.15×1.2 m). Plants were grown for 42 days in a culture solution in which N was doubled (6 mM) in order to accelerate foliage growth after which treatment N:K ratios of 1:2.4, (control) 1:4.8, and 1:7.2 were initiated. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. The number of storage roots/plant increased linearly as K was increased in the solution. Storage root fresh and dry weights, growth rate (g m-2 d-1), fibrous root dry weight, foliage fresh and dry weights, and edible biomass index (root mass/total plant mass), though not significant all increased as K was increased in the nutrient solution. Nutrient solution analyses showed that K uptake was greatest in plants at the highest K level, while nitrate uptake was steady over the duration of crop growth regardless of treatments.

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MANGANESE TOXICITY OR TOLERANCE IN SWEETPOTATO

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.665e ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 665e-665

Author(s):

Desmond G. Mortley

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Storage Root ◽

Fibrous Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Mn Toxicity ◽

Fibrous Roots

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate 5 levels of Mn (0.00025 to 0.1 g.L-1) on Mn toxicity or tolerance of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] grown in a modified half Hoagland's solution. The presence of oxidized Mn on the roots and leaves was demonstrated by the blue staining test with benzidene and the solubility and bleaching of oxidized Mn in the oxalic-sulfuric acid solution. Both storage root and foliage fresh and dry weights were highest at Mn concn of 0.00025 g.L-1 in the nutrient solution, while fibrous root dry weight was highest with 0.01 g.L-1 Mn in the solution. More Mn accumulated in foliage than in fibrous roots for all levels of Mn evaluated. N, P, and K concn in foliage was highest at a Mn concn of 0.1 g.L-1 Mn in the solution. Foliage dry weight was preserved up to a high Mn level of about 2700 ug. g-1 Mn in tissues, while taht for storage roots was preserved up to a high Mn level of about 1000 ug. g-1 in the tissues. Deposition of oxidized Mn was observed on fibrous roots particularly at the highest Mn levels in the nutrient solution.

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Failure Analysis under Electric Lights: Growth and Yield of Sweetpotato in Response to 14 Days of Prolonged Darkness

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci10637-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

pp. 1479-1481

Author(s):

Desmond G. Mortley ◽

Douglas R. Hileman ◽

Conrad K. Bonsi ◽

Walter A. Hill ◽

Carlton E. Morris

Keyword(s):

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Storage Root ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Root Yield ◽

Fibrous Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

The Impact

Two sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] genotypes (TU-82-155 and NCC-58) were grown hydroponically and subjected to a temporary loss of lighting in the form of 14 days of prolonged darkness compared with a lighted control under standard daily light periods to determine the impact on growth responses and storage root yield. Vine cuttings of both genotypes were grown in rectangular channels. At 65 days after planting, lights were turned off in the treatment chambers and replaced by a single incandescent lamp, providing between 7 and 10 µmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) for 18 hours, and the temperature lowered from 28/22 °C light/dark, to a constant 20 °C. Plants remained under these conditions for 14 days after which the original light level was restored. Growth chamber conditions predark included, a PPF mean provided by 400-W metal halide lamps, of 600 ± 25 µmol·m−2·s−1, an 18-hour light/6-hour dark cycle and a relative humidity of 70% ± 5%. The nutrient solution used was a modified half-Hoagland with pH and electrical conductivity (EC) maintained between 5.5–6.0 and 1000–1200 μS·cm−1, respectively, and was adjusted weekly. Storage root number and fresh weight were similar regardless of treatments. Plants exposed to prolonged darkness produced 10.5% and 25% lower fibrous root fresh and dry mass, respectively, but similar foliage yield and harvest index (HI). ‘NCC-58’ produced an average of 31% greater storage root yield than that of ‘TU-82-155’ but the number of storage roots as well as % dry matter (%DM) were similar. ‘NCC-58’ also produced 31% greater fibrous root dry weight, whereas ‘TU-82-155’ produced a 44% greater HI. The significant interaction between prolonged darkness and cultivars for %DM of the storage roots showed that DM for ‘TU-82-155’ was 18.4% under prolonged darkness and 17.9% in the light. That for ‘NCC-58’ was 16.4% under prolonged darkness compared with 19.4% (14.8% greater) for plants that were not subjected to prolonged darkness. The evidence that there were no adverse impacts on storage root yield following the exposure to prolonged darkness suggests that the detrimental effects were below the detectable limits for these cultivars in response to the short perturbation in the available light and that sweetpotatoes would be hardy under short-term failure situations.

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Relationship of Photosynthesis and Harvest Index to Sweet Potato Yield

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.115.2.288 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 288-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ajmer S. Bhagsari ◽

Doyle A. Ashley

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Storage Root ◽

Canopy Photosynthesis ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

Area Index ◽

Stage Of Development

Field experiments with 15 sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)] genotypes were conducted to study the physiological basis of yield in 1981 and 1982. The leaf area index differed significantly among the sweet potato genotypes during early and late phases of growth, hut showed an inconsistent relationship with yield. Single leaf net photosynthesis ranged from 0.74 to 1.12 mg CO2/m' per sec. Canopy photosynthesis for sweet potato genotypes differed significantly in 1981, but not in 1982. It ranged from 0.81 to 1.16 mg CO2/m2 per sec in Aug. 1981. and from 0.63 to 0.88 mg CO2/m2 per sec in 1982. Four hours after “C-labeling, 14C-assimilate translocation from the treated leaf ranged from 21% to 46%, but did not differ significantly among the genotypes. At final harvest, harvest index [HI, defined as (storage root yield/total biological yield) × 100] of the genotypes varied from 43% to 77% and 31% to 75% for 1981 and 1982, respectively. Canopy photosynthesis during September was significantly correlated with storage root dry matter yield (r = 0.54*) in 1981 and with phytomass (above-ground biomass plus storage roots) (r = 0.60*) in 1982. Both phytomass and HI were significantly correlated with storage root matter yield. Canopy photosynthetic evaluation of sweet potato germplasm may be-more relevant when the storage root sinks are at an advanced stage of development. Our study suggests that yield is poorly predicted by Pn, particularly when the genotypes have different leaf sizes.

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213 Effects of Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Growth of Radish

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.427e ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 427E-427

Author(s):

G.W. Stutte ◽

I. Eraso ◽

E.C. Stryjewski

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Temperature Effects ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Stress Effects

The RASTA (Radish Assimilation in Spaceflight Testbed Atmospheres) space flight experiment is being designed to evaluate effects of spacecraft environment on carbon partitioning in radish. Carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature effects on radish partitioning are being evaluated to optimize conditions on orbit. Determining effects of these stresses on growth will allow environmental stress effects to be isolated from microgravity effects during the mission. Three cultivars, Cherriette, Cherry Belle, and Early Scarlett Globe, have been grown at 23 °C at 400, 1500 and 10,000 ppm CO2 to determine effects of super-elevated CO2 on growth. Total biomass production was greatest at 1500 ppm CO2, with a decline at 10,000 ppm CO2. Harvest index of all cultivars was also highest at 1500 ppm. `Cherry Belle' and `Early Scarlet Globe' were grown at ambient CO2 under temperatures ranging from 18 to 30 °C. Total biomass production was greatest at 22 °C, with significant declines in total dry mass and harvest index with increasing temperatures. Temperatures less than 22 °C resulted in decrease in total biomass, but partitioning to storage roots was enhanced. (Supported by NASA NCC10-0034)

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Productive and physiological responses of jambu (Acmella oleracea) under nutrient concentrations in nutrient solution

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-0536-20210110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 65-71

Author(s):

Italo MG Sampaio ◽

Mário L Silva Júnior ◽

Ricardo FPM Bittencourt ◽

Gabriel AM dos Santos ◽

Fiama KM Nunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Ionic Concentration ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Internal Co2 Concentration ◽

Internal Co2 ◽

Fresh And Dry Mass

ABSTRACT In the last years, jambu has become popular and greatly appreciated, due to its remarkable taste. Thus, hydroponically cultivated jambu is promising, since it achieves better yield and production quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ionic concentration in nutrient solution on growth, productivity and gas exchange of jambu. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of variations of ionic concentration using the nutrient solution proposed by Hoagland & Arnon (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125%). The length of the main stem, stem diameter, number of inflorescence, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass (shoot, root and inflorescence), photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, Ci/Ca ratio and instant carboxylation efficiency were evaluated. Ionic concentrations significantly affected the studied variables, except the stem diameter, the internal CO2 concentration and the Ci/Ca ratio. The number of inflorescences and the leaf area grew linearly with maximum values (37.8 units plant-1 and 1650.8 cm2 plant-1, respectively) obtained in ionic concentration of 125%. Maximum responses were observed for shoot fresh and dry mass (63.9 and 6.9 g plant-1), root fresh and dry mass (16.7 and 2.0 g plant-1) inflorescence fresh and dry mass (11.0 and 1.8 g plant-1), respectively, at ionic concentration of 125%. Liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and instant carboxylation efficiency achieved maximum responses of 17.9 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1, 0.3 mol H2O m-2 s-1, 6.3 mmol m-2 s-1 and 0.06 with estimated concentrations of 84, 70, 80 and 83% of ionic strength, respectively. Thus, we concluded that the ionic concentration of 125% is indicated to obtain a greater biomass accumulation.

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RESPONSE OF HYDROPONICALLY GROWN SWEETPOTATO TO INOCULATION WITH AZOSPIRILLUM

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.4.266f ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 266F-266

Author(s):

A.A. Trotman ◽

W.A. Hill ◽

D.G. Mortley ◽

P.P. David ◽

P.A. Loretan

Keyword(s):

Total Nitrogen ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Root Tissue ◽

Magnesium Concentration ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Plant Nutrient ◽

Fibrous Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Foliar Phosphorus

The effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense strain Cd on mineral concentration in sweetpotato, [Ipomeo batatas (L) Lam cv. TI-155] tissue and ionic composition of plant nutrient solution was investigated in a greenhouse study. In the field, inoculation of sweetpotato with Azospirillum spp. has been reported to enhance. sweetpotato yield. In this study, 48-h old broth cultures were used as inoculum at a population density of approx. 1 × 108 cfu/ml. The inoculum (0.20 L) was added to the reservoirs containing 30.4 L of a modified half Hoagland's plant nutrient solution at 28 days after the start of the experiment Results indicate that percent total nitrogen in sweetpotato foliage tended to be higher for the inoculated fibrous mat than in the fibrous mat for non-inoculated plants. The percent total nitrogen in storage roots for the non-inoculated treatment tended to be higher than in storage roots for inoculated plants. Inoculation resulted in a slight increase in foliar phosphorus concentration but had no effect on phosphorus concentration in sweetpotato storage and fibrous root samples. Inoculation tended to reduce foliar calcium concentration. Magnesium concentration in leaf tissue was not influenced by inoculation. Foliar potassium concentration tended to increase slightly. The effect of inoculation on potassium concentration in sweetpotato root tissue was not well-defined; potassium concentration tended to be higher in fibrous root tissue for the inoculated treatment. But in storage root tissue, potassium concentration was higher for the non-inoculated treatment than for the inoculated treatment. Inoculation did not affect foliar concentrations of any of the micronutrients measured. This study indicates no effect of inoculation on ionic strength of nutrients in solution reservoirs.

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The Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Plantlets as Affected by Hydroponic Solution pH and EC, Light, and CO2

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.129.1.0100 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 129 (1) ◽

pp. 100-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xuan-Chun Piao ◽

Debasis Chakrabarty ◽

Eun-Joo Hahn ◽

Kee-Yoeup Paek

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Russet Burbank ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Bioreactor Culture ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Plantlet Growth ◽

Potato Plantlets

In vitro nodal cuttings of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) `Atlantic' and `Russet Burbank' from bioreactor culture were hydroponically cultured for 28 days using a deep flow technique (DFT) system. The response of plant growth and photosynthesis to different levels of solution electrical conductivity (EC; 0.08, 0.15, 0.22 and 0.36 S·cm-1) and pH (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) were studied. The best growth, characters of shoot length, total shoot and root fresh and dry weight, were obtained in nutrient solution of pH 6.0 and EC 0.15 S·cm-1 for `Atlantic', while pH 7.0 and EC 0.15 S·cm-1 were found to be best for `Russet Burbank'. Plantlet growth was reduced by low solution pH (3.0) and high EC level (0.36 S·cm-1). Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were also found to be affected by EC levels. Down regulation of photosynthesis, as indicated by chlorophyll fluorescence results, were observed when potato plantlets were cultured under nutrient solution of higher EC level. Plantlet growth and photosynthetic rate increased as photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) levels increased from 50 to 250 μmol·m-2·s-1. Particularly, increasing PPF level had a more distinctive effect on plantlet growth than CO2 enrichment condition. It was apparent from this study that nutrient solution of pH 6.0 and 0.15 S·cm-1 EC in combination with high PPF level (250 μmol·m-2·s-1) were suitable for hydroponic culture of potato plantlets as it would maximize net photosynthetic rate, and achieve the highest growth rates.

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697 PB 303 POINSETTIA WATER USE INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND NUTRIENT SOLUTION CONCENTRATION

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.532f ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 532f-532

Author(s):

Richard J. McAvoy ◽

Bernard B. Bible ◽

Xiusheng Yang

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Root Zone ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Daily Fluctuation ◽

Mean Values ◽

Daily Water

Poinsettias were grown in a closed hydroponic system with a modified Hoagland's solution concentration of either 1 or 3 mS·cm-1. Water use and whole plant fresh mass were measured gravimetrically at 2 to 3 day intervals over an eleven week period (initial break development through full bract development). At two week intervals, poinsettias were harvested and the fresh and dry mass of leaves, bracts stems, and roots were determined, and total laminar surface area was measured. Leaf temperature (LT), root-zone solution temperature (RZT), and at canopy level, air temperature (CAT), VPD, and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) were monitored at 1 mm intervals and mean values recorded each 30 mm using a 21X micrologger (Campbell Scientific, Logan Utah). Water use (ml·dm-2·day-1) averaged 15% higher for poinsettias grown in the 1 mS·cm-1 solution than in the 3 mS·cm-1 nutrient solution. Simple linear regression of daily water use with PPF, or VPD, or CAT, while significant, accounted for less than half of the daily fluctuation in water use (r2; PPF= 0.47, VPD=0.21, CAT=0.30). However, multiple regression involving daily PPF, VPD, CAT, RZT and LT accounted for up to 82% of the variation in daily water use.

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