scholarly journals NEW LEAVES ARE THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF RESOURCES FOR FRUIT SET IN CRANBERRY

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 666g-667
Author(s):  
Teryl R. Roper ◽  
J. Klueh
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Current Season ◽  
One Year ◽  
Additional Reduction ◽  
Spatial Source

The sources of carbohydrate and other resources for fruit growth in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) can be spatially partitioned into new growth, old leaves, and woody stems or other adjoining uprights. This research was conducted to determine which spatial source of resources was most important for fruit set in cranberry. At fruit set in late June, we removed the current season growth, one year old and older leaves, or both from 50 uprights per treatment plus a control at two locations. At harvest, fruit set, fruit number and size were determined. In all cases, removing the current season's growth significantly decreased fruit set. Removing both the current season's growth and old leaves produced an additional reduction in fruit set. Removing only old leaves reduced fruit set at one location but not the other. Fruit length, diameter or mean berry weight was not reduced by any treatment. The response of cranberry to resource limitation apparently is to reduce fruit numbers rather than fruit size. This research suggests that current season growth is the primary source of carbohydrates for fruit set in cranberry and that once the fruit are set they have sufficient sink strength to attract resources from a distance.

scholarly journals FRUITING REDUCES FOLLOWING YEAR FRUIT SET IN CRANBERRY UPRIGHTS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 666f-666
Author(s):  
C.J. DeMoranville ◽  
T.R. Roper ◽  
K.D. Patten ◽  
J.R. Davenport ◽  
B.C. Strik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Hormonal Interaction ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Growing Region

Biennial bearing of uprights has been documented for cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.). Percent return bloom (%RB) may vary from 14% to 74% depending on cultivar and growing region. Floral initiation for the following season in cranberry takes place during the same time period as flowering and fruit set for the current season. This research was undertaken to document the effect of fruiting or not fruiting in the previous year on %RB and %RF (return fruit) in two cultivars (Stevens and Ben Lear) and five growing regions (MA, NJ, WI, OR, WA). Previous year fruiting caused a reduction in %RB compared to non-fruiting in the previous year. The effect on %RF was even greater. For `Ben Lear', uprights that fruited in 1990 had 31%RB and 22%RF while those that did not fruit in 1990 had 67%RB and 54%RF. Both %RB and %RF in 1991 were about 49% lower for `Stevens' which fruited in 1990 than those that did not fruit in 1990. It is still not clear whether biennial bearing in cranberry uprights is a function of hormonal interaction and regulation or of resource limitation or both.

scholarly journals PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING IN CRANBERRY.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 654d-654
Author(s):  
Marianna Hagidimitriou ◽  
Teryl R. Roper
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Carbohydrate Partitioning ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrate ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
One Year

Fruit set has been shown to be a major limiting factor in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) productivity. Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) content is lowest during the flowering and fruit set period. This research was undertaken to determine the potential sources of carbohydrates which are important to support fruit set and fruit growth in cranberry. Fruiting uprights had lower TNC content than vegetative uprights beginning at early bloom and continuing through harvest, largely due to lower starch content. Starch from fruiting uprights is apparently remobilized to support flowering and fruit set. This also suggests that uprights on which the fruit are borne are the primary source for carbohydrates for fruit set and fruit growth throughout the season. Net CO2 assimilation rates (NAR) were measured in the field on current season and one year old leaves on cranberry uprights. New leaves had higher NAR than one year old leaves throughout the season. Thus, newly formed leaves on uprights, appear to be an important source for carbohydrates for fruit set and fruit growth. On a diurnal basis NAR peaked at approximately 9:00 a.m. and gradually declined through the day.

Flowering and Fruiting of `Burlat' Sweet Cherry on Size-controlling Rootstock

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel ◽  
Jean Lichou
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
One Year ◽  
Size Controlling

The effect of rootstock on the flowering and fruiting response of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) was investigated using 4-year-old branch units. The cherry rootstock Edabriz (Prunus cerasus L.) affected the flowering and fruiting response of `Burlat' sweet cherry compared to Maxma 14 and F12/1. Branches of trees on Edabriz had more flowers, more flowers per spur, more spurs, more fruit, higher yields, smaller fruit, and a reduced fruit set compared to the standard rootstock, F12/1. One-year-old branch sections had more flowers and fruit, higher fruit weight, and heavier fruit size compared to older branch portions.

Fruit Removal and Continual Defoliation Altered Papaya Fruit Production and Quality

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 497e-497
Author(s):  
Lili Zhou ◽  
David Christopher ◽  
Robert E. Paull
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fruit Mass

The source size and sink strength were modified by continual defoliation and fruit removal in `Sunset' papaya. Flower and fruit set, mature fruit mass, and TSS was recorded weekly. Fruit at four different stages of development were harvested at the end of the experiment. Fruit mass, respiration, sugar content, and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), and invertase enzyme activities were compared. Continual defoliation resulted in lower new fruit set (25% of control), smaller fruit size (77% of control), and lower TSS (85% of control) in the 24-week experimental period. In contrast, there were 52% and 100% more new fruit when fruit were removed than in the control within the first 8 weeks and 24 weeks, respectively. Larger fruit size, earlier fruit development, lower respiration, and higher sugar contents were observed when fruit were removed at 140, 154, and 175 days from anthesis. No significant difference was found in TSS level in the mature fruit compared to the control. Fruit removal plus defoliation gave the same number and mass of new fruit as the control and slightly lower TSS in mature fruit than in the control. Fruit sugar was higher with increased fruit invertase activity and fruit age. Data confirmed that source–sink balance was critical for fruit set, development, and sugar accumulation in papaya.

scholarly journals The Optimum One-year-old Shoot Length to Optimize Yield and Fruit Size of Three Fig (Ficus carica L.) Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1321-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hein J. Gerber ◽  
Willem J. Steyn ◽  
Karen I. Theron
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Yields

The European fig cultivars Bourjasotte Noire, Col de Damme Noire, and Noire de Caromb were recently introduced to the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Producers struggle to implement effective commercial practices that will optimize yield of quality fruit. A phenological study was conducted to establish the optimum 1-year-old shoot length to maximize yield. The number of fruit, budbreak, and shoot growth on 1-year-old shoots comprising four length categories (‘Bourjasotte Noire’: 10 to 15, 25 to 40, 50 to 65, and 75+ cm; ‘Col de Damme Noire’ and ‘Noire de Caromb’: 10 to 20, 30 to 50, 60 to 80, and 100+ cm) were evaluated. In ‘Bourjasotte Noire’, all four categories seem to be suited for reproduction in the current season and also provide sufficient new shoot growth to ensure a fair yield the next season. In ‘Col de Damme Noire’, category four seems to be the best 1-year-old shoot length for reproduction both in terms of fruit number and fruit size. However, yield on these shoots may not be optimal the next season, because current-season shoots are too short. It seems that this cultivar will require pruning to stimulate strong new shoot growth that will ensure regular, high yields. In ‘Noire de Caromb’, category one shoots are very productive relative to their length. Categories two and three were also relatively productive, whereas category four was less productive but developed a large number of current-season shoots similar in length to category one that should be productive the next season. These results will allow us to develop pruning strategies to ensure an optimal balance between current-season yield and the development of new fruiting wood to ensure regular, high yields. It also suggests that the three cultivars studied will require differential application of horticultural practices to attain regular, high yields of large fruit.

scholarly journals Investigation of Bunch Cut at Different Times After Pollination and Flower Position in the Spikelet in Date Palm ‘Sukkary’ Variety

2020 ◽  
pp. 713-723
Author(s):  
Abdelazize ElJiati
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Adult Tree ◽  
Fresh Pollen ◽  
One Year ◽  
Flower Position

As many studies on other crops showed an acropetal decline of fruit-set and fruit size in the inflorescence, this paper investigates the effect of flower position in spikelets in the ‘Sukkary’ variety of date palm on fruit-set and final fruit weight. Also studied was the best time to apply strand-cut (bunch cut) as an alternative to hand thinning, to increase final fruit weight. Hand thinning is a labor cost operation and worker productivity operation is one adult tree per day maximum. To study fruit-set in relation to fruit position, three types of pollen were used to pollinate female trees: new pollen harvested in March 2018, pollen stored for one year at room temperature (25-35° C), and pollen stored for two years at room temperature. Four weeks after pollination, fruits aborted and those non-aborted in every bunch were counted. Recording was done in every spikelet from proximal to distal. To study the effect of fruit position in spikelet on fruit weight, fresh pollen was used to pollinate ‘Sukkary’ females. Every two days, fruit weight was measured from pollination to harvest, and fruit growth pattern was drawn. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out for the final fruit weight in every spikelet part. This investigation showed no pattern in fruit-set or in final fruit weight when using new pollen. When pollinated with old pollen that was one and two years old, the proximal ‘Sukkary’ flowers of the spikelets showed less fruit-set compared to those of the middle and distal part. This basipetal decline is explained by low viability of old pollen, combined with the basipetal opening of the spathes in date palm...

scholarly journals Removing New Growth Reduces Fruiting in Cranberry

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teryl R. Roper ◽  
John S. Klueh
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon

The sources of photosynthate for fruit growth in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) can be spatially partitioned as new growth, old leaves and woody stems, or adjoining uprights. New growth, l-year-old leaves, or both were removed at the time of fruit set and following fruit set. Removing new growth at the time of fruit set reduced fruit set, fruit count, and yield. Removing old leaves at fruit set generally did not reduce fruit set, fruit count, or yield. Removing both often had an additional effect. Removing new leaves after fruit set did not affect fruit set or count, but did reduce fruit size. Removing old leaves after fruit set did not reduce fruit set, fruit count, or size. These data suggest that new growth is an important source of photosynthate for fruit set.

Pollination and resource limitation as interacting constraints on almond fruit set

Plant Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
S. A. Cunningham ◽  
M. J. Evans ◽  
M. Neave ◽  
J. Armstrong ◽  
P. S. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Resource Limitation

Alternate cropping of the Delicious apple: the effect of 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid spray on blossom bud initiation in the on year

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Triiodobenzoic Acid ◽  
Bud Initiation

Alternate-cropping trees of the Delicious variety of apple were treated with a single post-bloom spray containing 75 p.p.m. of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA). The TIBA treatment caused more blossom buds to be formed in the 'on' year, with consequent increases in crop in the following 'off' year. The effect was more pronounced in unthinned limbs than in limbs blossom-thinned prior to treatment. Evidence is presented of reduction in fruit-set and of fruit size following TIBA treatment in the on year. The results are discussed in relation to the anti-auxin properties of the chemical applied.

scholarly journals Time of flowering and fertilisation of quince varieties

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
T. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contradictory Data

Literature dealing with flowering and fertilisation of quince is scarce. Most controversial and scanty are informations on observations of self- and cross-pollination. According to our observations, differences in blooming time are few (2-3) days only, thus flowering of most varieties is synchronous. The varieties observed are grouped as early, intermediate and late flowering ones. Self fertility of the individual varieties, however, was not assessed unequivocally, therefore it is recommended, by safety reasons, to consider quince actually as a whole to be auto-incompatible. Artificial self-pollination (or rather geitonogamy) as well as cross pollination with other varieties increased substantially fruit set if compared with the results of natural self-pollination (autogamy). According to the fruit set of their open pollinated flowers, varieties have been classified according to fertility as low (below 10 %), medium (between 10 and 20 %) and high (more than 20 %). Cross fertility of varieties is highly variable depending on combination and on season. Contradictory data are probably due to the sensitivity of quince to conditions of search. Better fruit set was coincident with higher number of stout seeds per fruit. Well developed seeds are definitely a prerequisite of larger fruit size.  

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