INFLUENCE OF SPRING POTTING DATE AND CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZER ON CONTAINER PRODUCTION OF WOODY ORNAMENTALS

Two 8- to 9- month [Nutricote 20-7-10 (Type 270) and Osmocote 18-6-121 and two 12- to 14- month [Nutricote 20-7-10 (Type 360) and Osmocote 17-7-121 controlled release fertilizers were preplant incorporated into a 3:1 pine bark:peat moss medium during two potting dates (April 12 and June 6, 1991) at the rate of 1.5 kg N/m. Plant growth of two woody ornamentals, 'Green Luster' Japanese holly and 'Fashion' azalea, and monthly medium solution electrical conductivity (EC) were determined. Growth index [GI = (height + width at widest point + width perpendicular to widest point)/3] response to fertilizer treatment was species specific. Nutricote 20-7-10 (type 360) produced the largest GIs for holly, while GIs for azalea were not affected 420 days after initiation (DAI) of the test. Plants potted in April had greater GIs than those potted in June for the two plant species 420 DAI, regardless of fertilizer type. Osmocote 18-6-12 and 17-7-12 controlled release fertilizers had the greatest medium solution ECs from 90 to 180 DAI.

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Recirculation of nutrients in container nursery production

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p99-012 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Peter Purvis ◽

Calvin Chong ◽

Glen P. Lumis

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Woody Ornamentals ◽

Ph Values ◽

Nursery Production ◽

Physocarpus Opulifolius ◽

Container Nursery

This study evaluated (a) the capacity of a computerized injector to deliver and recirculate nutrients in a container nursery, and (b) plant growth and nutrient status under this regime compared with non-recirculated methods of fertilization, using Dart's Gold ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius L. 'Dart's Gold') potted in 6-L containers filled with a medium of pine bark, peat, and soil (75, 15, and 10%, by volume). The injector was programmed to deliver NH4-N (24 mg L−1), NO3-N (196 mg L−1), P (54 mg L−1), and K (235 mg L−1) and other nutrients, with or without recirculation. Plants grown with recirculated nutrients were placed on aluminium troughs to collect the leachate, which was pumped back to the injector, recharged [based on a target electrical conductivity (EC) value of 1.85 dS m−1], and returned to the crop. Additional plants were grown on a crushed stone base and fertilized (a) by the computerized injector without recirculation, (b) with water soluble Plant-Prod 20-8-20 (200 mg L−1 N; non-recirculated) delivered through a Dosatron proportioner, or (c) with incorporated, controlled release Nutricote 18-6-8, Type 140 (6.5 kg m−3). NH4-N, NO3-N, P, and K concentrations delivered by the computerized injector (recirculated and non-recirculated; mean over six dates, 3 July to 28 August 1997) were 50, 22, 41, and 39%, respectively, lower than targeted values. Electrical conductivity values were not significantly different from targeted. The pH values (6.2 – 6.4) were higher than targeted (6.0). The amounts of N, P, and K used were reduced by between 57 and 77% with recirculation compared to without. Notwithstanding reduced N, P, and K values, plants grew best with recirculated nutrients and least with non-recirculated liquid 20-8-20. Key words: Fertigation, Harrow Fertigation Manager, recycling, woody ornamentals

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Smart Fertilizer Strategy for Better Crop Production

Agricultural Reviews ◽

10.18805/ag.r-1877 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A. Karthik ◽

M. Uma Maheswari

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Crop Yield ◽

New Technologies ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Nutrient Use ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

Food security is one of the major concerns for all developing countries of the world. Even though we had attained the highest food production with the use of new technologies, we may not able to feed the burgeoning population adequately in coming years due to stagnant crop productivity. Natural source of nutrients like organic manures and external source of nutrients, viz. fertilizers, are considered as the two eyes in plant nutrient management. Nutrient use efficiency of fertilizer is very low due to numerous pathways of losses such as leaching, denitrification, microbial immobilization, fixation and runoff. It has been estimated that around 40-70% of nitrogen, 80-90% of phosphorus, 50-70% of potassium and more than 95% of micronutrient content of applied fertilizers are lost in to the environment and results in pollution (Kanjana, 2017). Smart fertilizers like slow and controlled release fertilizers, nanofertilizers and bioformulation fertilizers are the new technologies to enhance the nutrient use efficiency their by improving crop yield in sustainable manner. The use of slow and controlled release fertilizers increase nutrient use efficiency, minimize the risks like leaf burning, water contamination and eutrophication. Nano-fertilizers are the nano-particles-based fertilizers, where supply of the nutrients is made precisely for maximum plant growth, have higher use efficiency, exploiting plant unavailable nutrients in the rhizosphere and can be delivered on real time basis into the rhizosphere or by foliar spray (Priyanka Solangi et al., 2015). The small size, high specific surface area and reactivity of nano fertilizers increase the solubility, diffusion and availability of nutrients to plants and enhance crop productivity. Bioformulation is microbial preparations containing specific beneficial microorganisms which are capable of fixing or solubilizing or mobilizing plant nutrients for promoting plant growth and crop yield. Smart fertilizers are the better option for the farmers to increase their crop yield with low input cost in sustainable way without degrading natural environment.

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Leachate Nutrient Content and Growth of Two Hollies As Influenced by Controlled Release Fertilizers

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-10.3.162 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 162-166

Author(s):

John M. Ruter

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Growth Response ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Good Growth ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Ilex Cornuta ◽

Source Rate ◽

Liquid Fertilization ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of fertilizer source, rate of application, and method of application on the release of nutrients over time using the pour-through method and to determine the growth response of Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxt. ‘Burfordii’ and Ilex × ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly to different multicoated controlled release fertilizers (CRF). Depending on the rate of application used, the three CRFs used in this study [Osmocote 17N-3P-9.9K (17-7-12), Sierrablen 17N-3P-8.3K (17-7-10), and High-N 24N-1.7P-5.8K (24-4-7)] provided adequate concentrations of nutrients for a minimum of 90 days after treatment. Fertilizer source had no effect on the growth of either holly used in this study. Good growth of ‘Burfordii’ and ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly was obtained at the rate of 1. 5 kg N/m3 (2. 5 lb N/yd3). Linear relationships between NO3-N and electrical conductivity using the pour-through method were established for ‘Burfordii’((NO3-N = 414 (electrical conductivity)) and ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ ((NO3−N =−11.4 + 425 (electrical conductivity)). Results of this study indicate that the nutrient sufficiency values for liquid fertilization programs with the pour-through method need to be adjusted for use with multicoated CRFs.

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Use of Species-specific Controlled-release Fertilizer Rates to Manage Growth and Quality of Container Nursery Crops

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.25.3.370 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 370-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary Jane Clark ◽

Youbin Zheng

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Growth Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Application Rates ◽

Nursery Crops ◽

Species Specific

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) application rates or ranges for the production of five 2-gal nursery crops. Plants were evaluated following fertilization with 19N–2.6P–10.8K plus minors, 8–9 month CRF incorporated at 0.15, 0.45, 0.75, 1.05, 1.35, and 1.65 kg·m−3 nitrogen (N). The five crops tested were bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla), ‘Green Velvet’ boxwood (Buxus ×), ‘Magic Carpet’ spirea (Spiraea japonica), ‘Palace Purple’ coral bells (Heuchera micrantha), and rose of sharon (Hibiscus syriacus). Most plant growth characteristics (i.e., growth index, plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry weight) were greater in high vs. low CRF treatments at the final harvest. Low CRF rates negatively impacted overall appearance and marketability. The species-specific CRF range recommendations were 1.05 to 1.35 kg·m−3 N for rose of sharon, 0.75 to 1.05 kg·m−3 N for ‘Magic Carpet’ spirea, and 0.75 to 1.35 kg·m−3 N for bigleaf hydrangea and ‘Green Velvet’ boxwood, whereas the recommended CRF rate for ‘Palace Purple’ coral bells was 0.75 kg·m−3 N. Overall, species-specific CRF application rates can be used to manage growth and quality of containerized nursery crops during production in a temperate climate.

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Nutrient Release from Controlled-release Fertilizers in Acid Substrate in a Greenhouse Environment: I. Leachate Electrical Conductivity, pH, and Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Concentrations

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.3.780 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 780-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Donald J. Merhaut ◽

Eugene K. Blythe ◽

Julie P. Newman ◽

Joseph P. Albano

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Plant Production ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Permissible Levels ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Acid Substrate ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

Release characteristics of four types of controlled-release fertilizers (Osmocote, Nutricote, Polyon, and Multicote) were studied during a 47-week simulated plant production cycle. The 2.4-L containers containing a low-fertility, acid-based substrate were placed in an unheated greenhouse and subjected to environmental conditions often used for production of azaleas and camellias. Leachate from containers was collected weekly and monitored for pH, electrical conductivity, and concentrations of NH4+ N, NO3–N, total P and total K. Leachate concentrations of all nutrients were relatively high during the first 10 to 20 weeks of the study, and then gradually decreased during the remaining portion of the experiment. Differences were observed among fertilizer types, with Multicote often resulting in higher concentrations of N, P, and K in leachates compared to the leachates from the other fertilizer types during the first half of the study. Concentrations of NO3– and P from all fertilizer types were often above permissible levels as cited in the federal Clean Water Act.

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Farklı Buğday Çeşitlerinde Bitki Büyüme İndisi İle Toprak Elektriksel İletkenlik Değerleri Arasındaki İlişki

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i5.1154-1159.3333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1154-1159

Author(s):

Uğur Yegül ◽

Maksut Barış Eminoğlu ◽

Burak Şen ◽

Savaş Kuşçu

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Growth Index ◽

Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽

Conductivity Sensor ◽

Two Parameters ◽

The Relationship

This research was carried out in Haymana Research Farm of Ankara University. Three different varieties of wheat were used in the study. These varieties were; Kırgız-95, Kırkpınar-79, and Svevo. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between soil electrical conductivity values and vegetation index. In the study, EM38, electrical conductivity sensor, and GreenSeeker, vegetation index sensor were used. The obtained values were evaluated statistically, and the relationships between the two parameters were determined. As a result of the research, the relationships between the electrical conductivity of the soil and plant growth index values were found to be negative (R2) as 0.7718 for Kyrgyz-95, 0.7675 for Kırkpınar-79 and 0.7807 for Svevo.

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Container-grown Shrubs Respond Differently to Controlled-release Fertilizer Rates in a Temperate Climate

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-33.2.66 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 66-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary Jane Clark ◽

Youbin Zheng

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Growth Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽

White Cedar ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Application Rates ◽

Species Specific

To determine the response of container-grown shrubs to controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) rate when grown in a temperate climate, Polyon® 19–04–10 + Minors, an 8–9 month CRF, was incorporated into growing substrates for ‘Gro-Low’ fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica Aiton), ‘Goldmound’ spirea (Spiraea × bumalda Burv.) and ‘Bloomerang’® purple lilac (Syringa × ‘Penda’) transplants. Also, a 15–06–11 + Micros, a 10–12 month CRF, was incorporated into growing substrates for ‘Green Mound’ boxwood (Buxus × ‘Green Mound’), ‘Runyan’ yew (Taxus × media) and ‘Emerald’ white-cedar (arborvitae) (Thuja occidentalis L.) transplants, at six rates (0.15, 0.45, 0.75, 1.05, 1.35 and 1.65 kg·m−3 N; 0.25, 0.76, 1.26, 1.77, 2.28 and 2.78 lb·yd−3 N). We observed greater growth index, leaf area, and shoot dry weight at high vs. low CRF rates for the majority of species. Nutrient deficiency symptoms such as light green leaves were observed at low CRF rates for some species, including fragrant sumac, lilac and white-cedar. Optimal species-specific CRF application rates were 1.05 kg·m−3 N (1.77 lb·yd−3 N) for lilac and yew and 0.45 kg·m−3 N (0.76 lb·yd−3 N) for boxwood and white-cedar, while the optimal CRF ranges were 0.75 to 1.35 kg·m−3 N (1.26 to 2.28 lb·yd−3 N) for fragrant sumac and 0.75 to 1.05 kg·m−3 N (1.26 to 1.77 lb·yd−3 N) for spirea. Adjusting CRF application rates based on plant response may provide nursery growers with an efficient tool for managing nursery crop growth and production timing in the temperate climate.

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Nitrous Oxide Emission from Organic Fertilizer and Controlled Release Fertilizer in Tea Fields

10.20944/preprints201703.0104.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Meihua Deng ◽

Mudan Hou ◽

Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu ◽

Tadashi Yokoyama ◽

Haruo Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Green Tea ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Closed Chamber ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

A field experiment was conducted for 2 years in Green Tea Laboratory of Saitama Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, Iruma, Saitama, Japan from March 2014 to December 2015. Controlled release fertilizers (CRF) or organic fertilizers (ORG) which is the mixture of chicken manure and oil cakewere applied with the amount of 450 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in 2014 and 397 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in 2015. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissionsfrom soil in green tea fields were measured by closed chamber method. The results showed that CRF has significantly lower N2O compared to ORG. The cumulative N2O emissions from CRF accounted for 51% of N2O emissions from ORG fields and 138% of control with no fertilizer treatment. The N2O flux from the row was higher than that of under the canopy, since fertilizer were applied on the row. However the total emission from the area between the rows was lower than that under the canopy because of the area ratio of row and canopy was 1:5.

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