scholarly journals Leachate Nutrient Content and Growth of Two Hollies As Influenced by Controlled Release Fertilizers

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Ilex Cornuta ◽  
Source Rate ◽  
Liquid Fertilization ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of fertilizer source, rate of application, and method of application on the release of nutrients over time using the pour-through method and to determine the growth response of Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxt. ‘Burfordii’ and Ilex × ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly to different multicoated controlled release fertilizers (CRF). Depending on the rate of application used, the three CRFs used in this study [Osmocote 17N-3P-9.9K (17-7-12), Sierrablen 17N-3P-8.3K (17-7-10), and High-N 24N-1.7P-5.8K (24-4-7)] provided adequate concentrations of nutrients for a minimum of 90 days after treatment. Fertilizer source had no effect on the growth of either holly used in this study. Good growth of ‘Burfordii’ and ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly was obtained at the rate of 1. 5 kg N/m3 (2. 5 lb N/yd3). Linear relationships between NO3-N and electrical conductivity using the pour-through method were established for ‘Burfordii’((NO3-N = 414 (electrical conductivity)) and ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ ((NO3−N =−11.4 + 425 (electrical conductivity)). Results of this study indicate that the nutrient sufficiency values for liquid fertilization programs with the pour-through method need to be adjusted for use with multicoated CRFs.

scholarly journals Nutrient Release from Controlled-release Fertilizers in Acid Substrate in a Greenhouse Environment: I. Leachate Electrical Conductivity, pH, and Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Concentrations

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Merhaut ◽  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Julie P. Newman ◽  
Joseph P. Albano
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Acid Substrate ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Release characteristics of four types of controlled-release fertilizers (Osmocote, Nutricote, Polyon, and Multicote) were studied during a 47-week simulated plant production cycle. The 2.4-L containers containing a low-fertility, acid-based substrate were placed in an unheated greenhouse and subjected to environmental conditions often used for production of azaleas and camellias. Leachate from containers was collected weekly and monitored for pH, electrical conductivity, and concentrations of NH4+ N, NO3–N, total P and total K. Leachate concentrations of all nutrients were relatively high during the first 10 to 20 weeks of the study, and then gradually decreased during the remaining portion of the experiment. Differences were observed among fertilizer types, with Multicote often resulting in higher concentrations of N, P, and K in leachates compared to the leachates from the other fertilizer types during the first half of the study. Concentrations of NO3– and P from all fertilizer types were often above permissible levels as cited in the federal Clean Water Act.

scholarly journals 1032 EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZATION METHODS ON ORNAMENTALS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 576c-576
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Liquid Fertilization ◽  
Coated Fertilizer ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Spathiphyllum Schott. 'Mauna Loa Supreme' grown for 6 months in a fine sand soil or a 5 pine bark: 4 sedge peat: 1 sand medium (by volume) were fertilized with 7.6g N, 1.4g P, and 4.5g K/3.5-liter container by 4 different methods. The same raw fertilizer prills (21N-3P-12K) were applied weekly as a liquid, monthly as soluble granules, bimonthly as a lightly resin-coated fertilizer (Osmocote), or every 6 months as a heavily resin-coated fertilizer. All leachates were collected and were measured and analyzed weekly for N O3, PO4, and K. Spathiphyllum grew best in the sand soil with either of the controlled release formula- tions, but fertilization method had no effect on growth in the potting medium. Nitrate and K leaching losses from the potting medium were lowest from the controlled release fertilizers and highest from the soluble granules. Liquid fertilization resulted in the highest amounts of PO4 lost to leaching and controlled release fertilizers the least. In the fine sand soil, NO3 leaching was equivalent from all methods. Soluble granules had the highest levels of leached K and PO4 and the lightly-coated fertilizer lost the least due to leaching.

Nutrition and Fertilization of Palms in Containers

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2006 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Liquid Fertilization ◽  
Native Soils ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Palms growing in containers are susceptible to the same deficiencies that landscape palms experience, but the relative importance of the various deficiencies as well as their causes are different. Container substrates are generally more acidic and have greater nutrient-holding capacity than Florida native soils. Thus leaching and insolubility of nutrients are much less of a problem. Also, container-grown palms are often fertilized with more complete controlled-release fertilizers or regular liquid fertilization, which prevents most deficiencies from occurring. This document is ENH1010, one of a series of the Department of Environmental Horticulture, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2005.  ENH1010/EP262: Nutrition and Fertilization of Palms in Containers (ufl.edu)

The growth response of container-grown woody ornamentals to controlled-release fertilizers

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Worrall ◽  
G.P. Lamont ◽  
M.A. O'Connell ◽  
P.J. Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Rapid and Low-Cost Method for Evaluation of Nutrient Release from Controlled-Release Fertilizers Using Electrical Conductivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 4388-4395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Lopes Cancellier ◽  
Fien Degryse ◽  
Douglas Ramos Guelfi Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Coqui da Silva ◽  
Mike John McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Estimating nutrient content of animal slurries using electrical conductivity

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stevens ◽  
C. J. O'bric ◽  
O. T. Carton
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
P Content ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Dominant Cation ◽  
Total Concentrations

SUMMARYElectrical conductivity was evaluated for estimating the nutrient content of cattle and pig slurries. Slurry samples were collected in 1991 from the storage tanks of 48 cattle and 10 pig units on commercial farms in Ireland. Samples were analysed for NH4+ and total concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg and P. Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured on raw slurries (ECraw) and on slurries diluted by 10 with water (ECdilute). Relationships between EC and nutrient content were examined by correlation and linear regression analyses.In both slurry types, NH4+ was the dominant cation with K+ second in importance on a molar basis. Within each slurry type, the concentration of each of these cations was significantly correlated with EC. Using ECdilute gave more accurate predictions of concentrations than ECraw, but even ECraw was a better predictor than dry matter (DM) content. The linear relationships between NH4+ or K+ and ECdilute explained > 82% of the variance within each slurry type. The P content in slurries was related better to DM than to EC. Since EC measurement could be by cheap, robust meters, its potential for on-farm use deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Irrigation Volume, Application, and Controlled-release Fertilizers: I. Effect on Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrient Content in Containerized Plant Production

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-181
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Groves ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Ted E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Volume ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Abstract An experiment with four volumes of irrigation and five controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) was conducted to evaluate effects on plant growth and mineral nutrient content. Rooted cuttings of Cotoneaster dammeri ‘Skogholm’ and seedlings of Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldsturm’ were grown in 3.8 liter (4 qt) containers in a pine bark:sand substrate (8:1, by vol) incorporated with 3.5 g (0.12 oz) N per container with one of the following five CRFs: Meister 21N–3.5P–11.1K (21–7–14), Osmocote 24N–2.0P–5.6K (24–4–7), Scotts 23N–2.0P–6.4K (23–4–8), Sustane 5N–0.9P–3.3K (5–2–4) or Woodace 21N–3.0P–9.5K (21–6–12). Irrigation volumes of 200 ml (0.3 in), 400 ml (0.6 in), 800 ml (1.1 in), or 1200 ml (1.7 in) were applied once daily (single) or in two equal applications with a two hr interval between irrigation allotments (cyclic). All measured variables were unaffected by irrigation application (cyclic or single). Top dry weight of cotoneaster increased quadratically with increasing irrigation volume for all CRFs. Maximum top dry weight was obtained with 612 ml (0.8 in), 921 ml (1.3 in), 928 ml (1.3 in), 300 ml (0.6 in), or 909 ml (1.3 in) for plants fertilized with Meister, Osmocote, Scotts, Sustane, and Woodace, respectively. Osmocote, Scotts, and Woodace produced 90% of maximum top weight over a wide range of irrigation volumes [≈ 550 ml (0.8 in) to 1200 ml (1.5 in)]. Stomatal conductance of cotoneaster fertilized with Osmocote 24–4–7 increased linearly with increasing volume of irrigation, whereas net photosynthetic rate increased quadratically and was highest at 800 ml (1.1 in). All CRFs, excluding Sustane, had similar dry weights when irrigated with 200 ml (0.3 in). At 800 ml (1.1 in) and 1200 ml (1.7 in), cotoneaster fertilized with Osmocote 24–4–7 and Scotts 23–4–8 produced greater top dry weight compared to Meister, Sustane, and Woodace. Top dry weight of rudbeckia increased quadratically with increasing irrigation volume regardless of CRFs. Maximum dry weight was produced with 1160 ml, 931 ml, 959 ml, 1091 ml, or 1009 ml for plants grown with Meister, Osmocote, Scotts, Sustane, or Woodace, respectively. Ninety percent of the maximum top dry weight of both species within each CRF could be obtained with a 40% reduction in irrigation volume. Nitrogen content of cotoneaster and rudbeckia were unaffected by irrigation volume, whereas P and K content, depending upon CRF and plant, was reduced at low irrigation volumes.

scholarly journals Nutrient Release Characteristics From Four Types of Controlled-release Fertilizers

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 797A-797
Author(s):  
Donald J. Merhaut* ◽  
Joseph Albano ◽  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Julie Newman
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Media ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Release patterns of ammonium, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and zinc were measured during an eleven month period for four types of Controlled Release Fertilizers (CRF): Apex 17-5-11, Multicote 17-5-11, Nutricote 18-6-8 and Osmocote 24-4-9. Rate of fertilizer incorporation was 2.3 kg/m3 of nitrogen. Media consisted of 50% composted forest products, 35% ¼%-3/4% pine bark and 15% washed Builder's sand. The media was also amended with 0.60 kg/m3 of dolomite. Fertilizer was incorporated into the media with a cement mixer and placed into 2.6-L black polyethylene containers. Containers were placed on benches outside. Air and media temperature were monitored throughout the 11-month period. Containers were irrigated through a ring-dripper system. Leachate was collected twice weekly. Leachate electrical conductivity, pH, and nutrient content were measured weekly. Significant differences in the nutrient release patterns were observed between fertilizer types throughout much of the experimental period. Release rates were significantly greater during the first 20 weeks of the study compared to the last 20 weeks of the study, regardless of the fertilizer type.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SPRING POTTING DATE AND CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZER ON CONTAINER PRODUCTION OF WOODY ORNAMENTALS

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 271E-271
Author(s):  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
John W. Olive
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Two 8- to 9- month [Nutricote 20-7-10 (Type 270) and Osmocote 18-6-121 and two 12- to 14- month [Nutricote 20-7-10 (Type 360) and Osmocote 17-7-121 controlled release fertilizers were preplant incorporated into a 3:1 pine bark:peat moss medium during two potting dates (April 12 and June 6, 1991) at the rate of 1.5 kg N/m. Plant growth of two woody ornamentals, 'Green Luster' Japanese holly and 'Fashion' azalea, and monthly medium solution electrical conductivity (EC) were determined. Growth index [GI = (height + width at widest point + width perpendicular to widest point)/3] response to fertilizer treatment was species specific. Nutricote 20-7-10 (type 360) produced the largest GIs for holly, while GIs for azalea were not affected 420 days after initiation (DAI) of the test. Plants potted in April had greater GIs than those potted in June for the two plant species 420 DAI, regardless of fertilizer type. Osmocote 18-6-12 and 17-7-12 controlled release fertilizers had the greatest medium solution ECs from 90 to 180 DAI.

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