scholarly journals 758 PB 158 COMPARISON OF SEASONAL PATTERNS OF POLYAMINES DURING FRUIT AND SEED GROWTH OF PEACHES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 541f-541
Author(s):  
Mosbah M. Kushad
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Fruit Development And Ripening ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
The Relationship

Seasonal variation in polyamines were evaluate during growth of fruit and seed of peach (Prunus persica L. cvs. Loring and Biscoe) starting at fruit set. In both cultivars, putrescine and spermidine increase significantly while spermine increase only slightly during the early stages of development then declined at the later stages. During pit hardening, polyamines in the flesh remained unchanged but their level in the seed continued to decrease. In both cultivars, polyamine levels corresponded to changes in fruit and seed sizes. when polyamines were vacuum infiltrated into commercially mature Biscoe fruits, flesh firmness, ethylene biosynthesis, and flesh color were significantly different from untreated tissue. The relationship between polyamines, seed development, and fruit development and ripening will be examined.

Analyse de l'étalement temporel de la floraison et influence sur la variabilité intra-arbre de la chute et de la croissance précoce des pêches

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Lescourret ◽  
O. Inizan ◽  
M. Génard
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
The Relationship

This study attempted to explain peach abscission and early growth variabilities. We assumed that flower anthesis variability was indicative of early competition for carbohydrates, presumedly determinant for fruit set and early growth. From this viewpoint, the fruits resulting from early flowers should be advantaged. In a first step, we described and analysed the pattern of flowering dates within peach trees. In a second step, we studied the relationship between this pattern and the variability of fruit abscission and growth. At the tree level, the flowers started opening from the base towards the top, but at the shoot level the flowers opened from the apex down to the base. Single flowers opened 1 d earlier than associated flowers, which opened independently. However, the relationships between either fruit set or growth and date of flowering did not fit our hypothesis. For example, fruits from the late flowers had the best set. Thus, the initial hypothesis should be rejected while the influence of other factors should be considered. Our observations suggest that post-bloom temperatures could affect fruit set and early growth. Key words: Peach, Prunus persica, flowering, fruit abscission, fruit growth, early stage of development

scholarly journals Ripening related processes in strawberry, a nonclimacteric fruit: a short overview

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tisza ◽  
L. Kovács ◽  
L. Heszky ◽  
E. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Fruit Development And Ripening ◽  
Nonclimacteric Fruit ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Fruits are essential part of the human diet: they provide vitamins, minerals, antioxidants to the mankind. Physiologically they can be divided into two groups-climacteric and nonclimacteric - depending if they display any respiratory peak and dramatic increase in ethylene biosynthesis or do not. Ethylene is a gaseous hormone playing a very important role in several physiological processes in plants. While climacteric fruits, like apples, bananas, tomatoes, peaches, apricots show increased ethylene biosynthesis and dramatic respiratory peak during their ripening, nonclimacteric fruits, like strawberries, grapes, citrus do not. The most widely used fruits for studying nonclimacteric ripening are strawberries: several papers are focusing on the identification and characterization of ripening related genes from this plant. Therefore here we attempt to summarize the most important advances in strawberry fruit development, and ripening.

scholarly journals Involvement of ethylene biosynthesis and signalling in fruit set and early fruit development in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Martínez ◽  
Susana Manzano ◽  
Zoraida Megías ◽  
Dolores Garrido ◽  
Belén Picó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Linkage and Correlation Analysis of Some Traits in Peach

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 857A-857
Author(s):  
C.A. Weber ◽  
W.B. Sherman ◽  
G.A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Chilling Requirement ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Independent Segregation ◽  
Flower Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linkage Relationships ◽  
Gland Type

Segregating F2 peach populations in the Univ. of Florida breeding program were analyzed to determine linkage relationships among five qualitative traits: flower type, Sh/sh, flesh type, M/m; flesh color, Y/y; leaf gland type, E/e; and pubescence, G/g. Independent segregation was confirmed between flesh color and leaf gland type, between pubescence and flesh color, and between flower type and pubescence. Previously undocumented independent segregation was found between leaf gland type and flesh type and between pubescence and leaf gland type in our populations. The relationship between these latter characteristics should be investigated in other breeding populations. No correlation was found between fruit development period and flesh type. Also, no correlation was found between chilling requirement and flesh type.

scholarly journals Changes in Polyamine Levels in Relationship to the Double-sigmoidal Growth Curve of Peaches

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosbah M. Kushad
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Seed Growth

Polyamines and the activities of their biosynthetic enzymes were evaluated during peach (Prunus persica L. `Biscoe') mesocarp (pulp) and seed growth starting at full bloom and until full fruit maturity at 14 weeks after full bloom (AFB). Mesocarp fresh mass exhibited a double-sigmoidal pattern characteristic of peaches. Seed fresh mass increased to a maximum of≈1 g at 4 weeks AFB then remained unchanged during the remaining weeks of sampling. Free putrescine, spermidine, and spermine levels were significantly higher in the flower bud, declined in the mesocarp tissue during the first 2 weeks AFB, then exhibited another increase between 2 and 6 weeks AFB. In contrast, conjugated spermidine and spermine levels were low in flower buds, then increased to their maximum level at 6 weeks AFB, then declined at full fruit development. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, EC 4.1.1.17) activity was high in flower buds (89.3 nmol·h-1·mg-1 protein) and in early stages of mesocarp development then declined to its lowest level (5.8 nmol·h-1·mg-1 protein) at full-fruit development. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC, 4.1.1.19) activity did not change during the first 6 weeks of mesocarp growth but declined later, reaching its lowest (1.95 nmol·h-1·mg-1 protein) at 14 weeks AFB. During the first 5 weeks AFB, ODC activity was 3.0- to 4.5-fold that of ADC activity; however, at full-fruit maturity (14 weeks AFB) the activities of both enzymes were similar. The slowdown in mesocarp growth during pit hardening between 6 and 9 weeks AFB did not change polyamines concentrations or their biosynthetic enzymes. Free spermidine and spermine levels declined during seed development; however, between 7 and 9 weeks AFB an increase in putrescine was observed. Similarly, conjugated putrescine increased substantially during seed growth reaching its highest level of 680 nmol·g-1 fresh mass at week 8 then declined at the later weeks, while conjugated spermidine and spermine peaked at week 10 to 1,169 and 2,148 nmol·g-1 fresh mass. ODC and ADC activities declined between 3 and 5 weeks AFB. However, a significant increase in ADC but not ODC activity in the seed tissue was observed during pit hardening between 6 and 10 weeks AFB. Based on the rapid increase in putrescine and ADC activity in the seed tissue, it appears that pit hardening may be a stress-related phenomenon. Data also suggest that polyamine levels in the mesocarp and seed tissue are independently regulated.

scholarly journals 172 Changes in Quality and Maturity of Early Season Nectarines (cvs. Aurelio and Early May) during Maturation and Ripening

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 471F-472
Author(s):  
L.E. Luchsinger ◽  
G.H. Reginato ◽  
P. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Maturity Indices ◽  
Harvest Maturity

The objectives of this study were to characterize the quality and maturity changes of nectarine (Prunus persica var. Nectarina) fruit cvs. Aurelio and Early May during maturation and ripening and to identify harvest maturity indices. After fruit set, 250 fruit of similar diameter and tree position were tagged to follow maturation and ripening on the tree. During commercial harvest, 48 fruit were ramdomly harvested every 2 to 3 days. Ethylene evolution rate (EER) at 20 °C, fresh weight, and peel ground and cover color (L*, a*, b*, C* and Hue value) were measured on all 48 fruit. Flesh color, firmness at several fruit points, soluble solids (SS), pH, titratable acidity (TA) and SS: TA ratio were measured only to 24 fruit, and the rest were held for up to 7 days at 20 °C as a ripening period to measure the same parameters mentioned above. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined between variables to explore possible harvest maturity indices. The most significant changes occurred in EER, fruit firmness, and peel ground color (a* and hue value). For `Aurelio' nectarines the highest correlations (P < 0.001) were obtained between logEER-tip firmness (r = -0.69), tip firmness-a* ground color (r = -0.66) and, tip firmness-hue ground color (r = -0.67). No important correlations (r > 0.60) were found for `Early May' nectarines. It was also found that fruit softening varies according to the point of measurement in the fruit depending on the cultivar.

Reproductive Responses of Capsicum annuum to High Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 543c-543
Author(s):  
Ami N. Erickson ◽  
Albert H. Markhart
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Bud Size ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Constant Growth

Fruit yield reduction due to high temperatures has been widely observed in Solanaceous crops. Our past experiments have demonstrated that Capsicum annuum cultivars Ace and Bell Boy completely fail to produce fruit when grown at constant 33 °C. However, flowers are produced, continually. To determine which stages of flower development are sensitive to high temperatures, pepper buds, ranging in size from 1 mm to anthesis, were exposed to high temperatures for 6 hr, 48 hr, 5 days, or for the duration of the experiment. Fruit set for each bud size was determined. Exposure to high temperatures at anthesis and at the 2-mm size stage for 2 or more days significantly reduced fruit production. To determine whether inhibition of pollination, inhibition of fertilization, and/or injury to the female or male structures prevents fruit production at high temperatures, flowers from pepper cultivars Ace and Bell Boy were grown until flowers on the 8th or 9th node were 11 mm in length. Plants were divided between 25 °C and 33 °C constant growth chambers for 2 to 4 days until anthesis. At anthesis, flowers from both treatments were cross-pollinated in all combination, and crosses were equally divided between 33 or 25 °C growth chambers until fruit set or flowers abscised. All flower crosses resulted in 80% to 100% fruit set when post-pollination temperatures were 25 °C. However, post-pollination temperatures of 33 °C significantly reduced fruit production. Reduced fruit set by flowers exposed to high temperatures during anthesis and pollination is not a result of inviable pollen or ovule, but an inhibition of fertilization or initial fruit development.

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