scholarly journals 771 PB 351 VARIATION IN FLORICULTURAL PERFORMANCE OF `GLORIA' AZALEA AFTER DORMANCY-BREAKING TEMPERATURE TREATMENTS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 543d-543
Author(s):  
Gloria B. McClure ◽  
N. Suzanne Lana ◽  
Gregory A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Chilling Temperature ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
A Minor

Commercially-produced, endodormant `Gloria' azaleas were placed into temperature × duration dormancy-breaking treatments at 2 month intervals to characterize seasonal variation in floricultural performance. Given the standard industry practice to break bud dormancy is 6 weeks at 3.5 to 7.2 C, three temperatures (3.5, 7.5, 11.5 C) and four durations (2, 4, 6, 8 weeks), plus a non-chilled control, were used to examine the contribution of each dormancy-breaking factor to subsequent floricultural quality. Treatment-Induced leaf abscission and flowering were quantitated, including days to Initial flowering and 50% flowering. Flowering response of dormant-budded azaleas produced during late spring and early summer (chilled during summer and early fall, respectively) was primarily and positively related to chilling duration, with only a minor influence of chilling temperature. In contrast, flowering of fall-produced endodormant plants (chilled during late fall) was best at 3.5 C, regardless of duration. Across all intervals, control plants averaged a leaf loss rate of 3 to 4 per day, suggesting a steady-state turnover rate. While leaf abscission was higher in all chilling-treated plants, those produced during fall and given the standard (or longer) chilling treatment exhibited about twice the total abscission (averaging as much as 20 leaves per day) as plants produced at other times, resulting in a clear reduction in plant foliar quality.

Meiofauna constitute a considerable portion of invertebrate drift among moss-rich patches within a karst hydrosystem

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Perić ◽  
Tvrtko Dražina ◽  
Maria Špoljar ◽  
Ines Radanović ◽  
Biserka Primc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Invertebrate Drift ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Small Spatial Scale ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Drift Density ◽  
A Minor

AbstractAiming to establish the most frequent invertebrate taxa in drift at the small spatial scale within a moss-rich karst tufa-precipitating hydrosystem, we sampled drift among microhabitats differing in substratum type and flow conditions along a tufa barrier-cascading lotic reach. Additionally, we addressed the question of the contribution and the potential significance of meiofauna within the overall invertebrate drift at the small spatial scale. During the study period, a total of 60 invertebrate taxa were recorded in the drift. Six of these taxa belonged to the annelid/arthropod meiofauna and they represented 35% of total drift density. Macroinvertebrates found in drift were represented mainly by larval insects. The composition of the most abundant taxa in total drift was as follows: Alona spp. (Cladocera 26.7%), Riolus spp. (Coleoptera: Elmidae 13.2%), Simulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae 12.2%), Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta 10.4%), Hydrachnidia (6.3%), Orthocladinae (Diptera: Chironomidae 3.9%) and Naididae (Oligochaeta 3.6%). Faunal drift densities and amounts of transported particulate matter (PM) were highest at the fast-flowing sites located at the barriers and lowest at the slow-flowing sites within pools. Similarly to the seasonal amounts of transported PM, faunal drift was lowest in winter, and peaked in autumn and in late spring/early summer. Correlation between flow velocity and PM-faunal drift densities suggested a significant effect of the dislodged PM, though a minor influence of discharge and flow velocity on faunal drift. We suggest that the small-scale habitat heterogeneity and the respective feeding and refugial strategies of the fauna, as well as faunal passive dislodgement initiated by the shear forces of the flow were the most important drivers of observed drift patterns.

Structure-activity relations and β-lactamase resistance

1980 ◽  
Vol 289 (1036) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Product Inhibition ◽  
Sulphur Atom ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Structure Activity Relations ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
A Minor

β-Lactam antibiotics resistant to β-lactamase degradation can be produced by many chemical modifications, but often at the expense of antibacterial activity. Substitution onto several positions in the molecule produces different and often selective resistance; for instance, heavily sterically hindered acyl groups give staphylococcal P-lactamase resistance to penicillins, and resistance to some enzymes from Gram-negative pathogens to both penicillins and cephalosporins. 6-α- or 7-α-substituents respectively confer a broad spectrum of resistance (e.g. cefoxitin), but changes at positions 2 or 3 have only a minor influence on enzyme susceptibility. Changes in the ring condensed with the β-lactam, such as changing ceph-3-em to ceph-2-em may greatly enhance stability. Small improvements can occur when the nuclear sulphur atom is oxidized, but a much better effect is obtained when it is replaced by another atom such as oxygen, as in clavulanic acid. This compound appears to have broad spectrum resistance which is actually due to susceptibility and subsequent product inhibition.

Lubrication Properties of Aqueous Solutions with Polyethoxylated Ether (PEOE) Added

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1359-1363
Author(s):  
Chao Hui Zhang ◽  
Si Si Liu ◽  
Yue Tao Sun ◽  
Jun Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Metal Working ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Forming Characteristics ◽  
Aqueous Surfactants ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Lubrication Properties

Aqueous solutions have found broad usages as lubricants, in conjunction with other possible utilizations, such as in metal working and other industries. Due to the inferior lubricity, functional additives are needed to improve their tribological performances among which aqueous surfactants are exclusively included. The film forming property of aqueous solution with polyethoxylated ether added (PEOE) is measured, taking consideration of the influences of the temperature and the concentration. The addition of PEOEs into aqueous solutions will largely increase the film forming capacity. But the concentration has only a minor influence on the lubrication property of the aqueous solutions with PEOEs. The cloud point will strongly alter the film forming characteristics.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Commercial Yeasts on Volatile Fraction of Sparkling Wines

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Valeriu V. Cotea ◽  
Mihai Cristian Focea ◽  
Camelia Elena Luchian ◽  
Lucia Cintia Colibaba ◽  
Elena Cristina Scutarașu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Organization ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Technique ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Spectrometry Technique ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Aging Stage

The occurrence of aroma constituents in sparkling wines, with direct impact on their organoleptic characteristics, is affected by several factors, for example the base-wine particularities, grapes cultivar conditions, inoculated yeasts, the aging stage, and wine-making practices. This study evaluated the influence of different four commercial yeasts (IOC FIZZ™, IOC DIVINE™, LEVULIA CRISTAL™, and IOC 18-2007™) on the volatile composition of experimental sparkling wines. For this, five sparkling wines variants from the Muscat Ottonel grape variety were obtained. The base-wine was obtained through reverse osmosis and had a predetermined alcoholic concentration (10.5% vol.). In order to fulfill the proposed purpose, the experimental sparkling wines were characterized by the physical–chemical parameters (according to International Organization of Vine and Wine methods of analysis), volatile fraction (using gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry technique), and sensory descriptors. Data showed a key impact on the concentration of the volatile constituents (p < 0.05), depending on the type of inoculated yeast for the second fermentation. Regarding the sensory analysis, important differences can be observed due to the type of inoculated yeast. Only a minor influence on the physical–chemical parameters was registered.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton thermal responses adapt in the absence of hard thermodynamic constraints

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios - Georgios Kontopoulos ◽  
Erik van Sebille ◽  
Michael Lange ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher ◽  
Timothy G. Barraclough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Performance Curve ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Thermal Performance Curve ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
A Minor

AbstractTo better predict how populations and communities respond to climatic temperature variation, it is necessary to understand how the shape of the response of fitness-related traits to temperature evolves (the thermal performance curve). Currently, there is disagreement about the extent to which the evolution of thermal performance curves is constrained. One school of thought has argued for the prevalence of thermodynamic constraints through enzyme kinetics, whereas another argues that adaptation can—at least partly—overcome such constraints. To shed further light on this debate, we perform a phylogenetic meta-analysis of the thermal performance curves of growth rate of phytoplankton—a globally important functional group—, controlling for environmental effects (habitat type and thermal regime). We find that thermodynamic constraints have a minor influence on the shape of the curve. In particular, we detect a very weak increase of maximum performance with the temperature at which the curve peaks, suggesting a weak “hotter-is-better” constraint. Also, instead of a constant thermal sensitivity of growth across species, as might be expected from strong constraints, we find that all aspects of the thermal performance curve evolve along the phylogeny. Our results suggest that phytoplankton thermal performance curves adapt to thermal environments largely in the absence of hard thermodynamic constraints.

scholarly journals A biodiversity hotspot for Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in North America: annotated species checklist for Ottawa, Canada

ZooKeys ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 1-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Fernandez-Triana ◽  
Caroline Boudreault ◽  
Joel Buffam ◽  
Ronald Maclean
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
First Time

Microgastrinae wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from the city of Ottawa and its surroundings (a 50-km radius circle, ~7,800 km2) were studied based on 1,928 specimens collected between 1894 and 2010, and housed in the Canadian National Collection of Insects. A total of 158 species from 21 genera were identified, which is by far the highest number of species ever recorded for a locality in North America. An annotated checklist of species is provided.Choerasparasitellae(Bouché, 1834) andPholetesornanus(Reinhard, 1880) are recorded for the first time in the Nearctic (previously only known from the Palearctic region),Cotesiadepressa(Viereck, 1912) is recorded for the first time in Canada (previously only known from the United States), andCotesiahemileucae(Riley, 1881) andProtapantelesphlyctaeniae(Muesebeck, 1929) are recorded for the first time in the province of Ontario. In Ottawa the most diverse genera areCotesia,Apanteles,Microplitis,Pholetesor,Microgaster, andDolichogenidea, altogether comprising 77% of the species found in the area. A total of 73 species (46%) were represented by only one or two specimens, suggesting that the inventory for Ottawa is still relatively incomplete. Seasonal distribution showed several peaks of activity, in spring, summer, and early fall. That general pattern varied for individual species, with some showing a single peak of abundance either in the summer or towards the end of the season, others species attaining two peaks, in late spring and late summer, or in early summer and early fall, and yet others attaining up to three different peaks, in spring, summer and fall. At least 72 of the Microgastrinae species from Ottawa have been previously associated with 554 species of Lepidoptera as hosts – but those historical literature records are not always reliable and in many cases are based on data from areas beyond Ottawa. Thus, our knowledge of the associations between the 158 species of microgastrine parasitoids and the caterpillars of the 2,064 species of Lepidoptera recorded from Ottawa is still very incomplete.

scholarly journals Perspective determines the production and interpretation of pointing gestures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Herbort ◽  
Lisa-Marie Krause ◽  
Wilfried Kunde
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Observer Perspective ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Pointing Gestures ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Pointing is a ubiquitous means of communication. Nevertheless, observers systematically misinterpret the location indicated by pointers. We examined whether these misunderstandings result from the typically different viewpoints of pointers and observers. Participants either pointed themselves or interpreted points while assuming the pointer’s or a typical observer perspective in a virtual reality environment. The perspective had a strong effect on the relationship between pointing gestures and referents, whereas the task had only a minor influence. This suggests that misunderstandings between pointers and observers primarily result from their typically different viewpoints.

scholarly journals Orange Cane Blotch of Commercial Blackberry in the Southeastern United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Frances B. Browne ◽  
Phillip M. Brannen ◽  
Harald Scherm ◽  
Marin T. Brewer ◽  
Susan B. Wilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Preliminary Phylogenetic Analysis

Orange cane blotch affects commercial blackberry production in the southeastern United States, mainly in the Coastal Plain region. The causal agent is a slow-growing parasitic alga, Cephaleuros virescens, which has a wide host range. Disease development is linked to the biennial growth pattern of blackberry, whereby symptoms appear in the early fall and algal lesions expand throughout the winter, spring, and early summer of the following year. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences suggests that blackberry isolates from different geographical locations cluster together and are genetically similar to each other and yet differ from isolates of C. virescens obtained from commercial blueberry.

Clay mineral distribution in the Devonian-Carboniferous sandstones of the Clair Field, west of Shetland, and its significance for reservoir quality

Clay Minerals ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Pay ◽  
T. R. Astin ◽  
A. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
Aeolian Sediments ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Clay Coating ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Pore Lining

AbstractThe Devonian-Carboniferous reservoir of the Clair Field contains a complex and variably abundant clay mineral assemblage. An abrupt vertical change in clay mineralogy has been observed in both wells studied (UKCS 206/8-7 and 206/8-8) from being rich in Mg-chlorite, chlorite- smectite (including dioctahedral corrensite), illite, illite-smectite and Fe-chlorite, to being smectite- rich. This change broadly coincides with the unconformable boundary between the Lower Clair Group and Upper Clair Group of the reservoir which possibly defines the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. The clay minerals present reflect interaction between: (1) tectonic stability and climate that controlled the detrital composition of the sediment; (2) the pore-waters that developed; and (3) the result of diagenetic modification.Matrix porosity and permeability is severely restricted where the pore-lining clays are abundant (>15%) and where the clays bridge or fill pores. The type of clay mineral species appears to have a minor influence on reservoir quality, although they may be extremely important during production. The best reservoir quality occurs in mature aeolian sediments with a thin illite and illite-smectite clay coating.

Flickerless Regeneration Rates for CRT Displays as a Function of Scan Order and Phosphor Persistence

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda B. Dill ◽  
John D. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Order ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
A Minor

The effects of two variables on the regeneration rates required to prevent flicker on CRT displays were investigated in this computer-automated experiment. The two variables were the sequential order in which the display was scanned (e.g., horizontal, vertical, or pseudo-random scanning) and the persistence of the phosphor on the display. Twenty-one different scan orders and two phosphors (P-12 and P-38) were used. Results showed that flickerless regeneration rates depended principally upon phosphor persistence; scan order had only a minor influence. The main effect of random and pseudorandom scanning was to reduce the disturbing effects of display flicker when it did occur, rather than to reduce significantly the regeneration rate at which flicker did not occur.

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