scholarly journals Scion Inclination in Malus domestica Borkh. and Prunus spp. Influences Root Growth and Distribution

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Bargioni ◽  
Giorgio Baroni ◽  
Pietro Tonutti ◽  
Andrea Pitacco ◽  
Angelo Ramina
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Polar Coordinate System ◽  
The North ◽  
Trunk Inclination ◽  
Polar Coordinate ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Effects of scion inclination on root growth and distribution were studied on INRA GF 677 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) and apple/M.9 trees. At planting, central leaders were positioned vertically (0°) or inclined 45° or 60° to the north and south. Three years after planting, root total dry weight of inclined trees was lower than that of the control (0°, vertical central leader). Five years after planting, the isotropic distribution of the normal root systems was distorted by inclination in both species. Roots were more numerous and more elongated in the direction of inclination. Statistical analysis of root density data, using a polar coordinate system, confirmed that the trunk inclination reduced root development and redirected root distribution. The major effect was induced on GF 677 by 60° inclinations. Tree orientation did not seem to influence root distribution.

Effects of subsoil calcium on the root growth of some lucerne genotypes (Medicago sativa L.) in acidic soil profiles

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Simpson ◽  
A Pinkerton ◽  
J Lazdovskis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Final Harvest

The root growth of lucerne was examined in an acidic soil profile modified by varying additions of calcium carbonate to different layers of the subsoil. Root growth responded strongly to changes in the concentration of exchangeable soil calcium. Symptoms of thickening, distortion and poor lateral formation occurred under low calcium treatments. The results were in agreement with the interacting effects of calcium (at 0.5–5.0mM) and aluminium ions (at 0–20,µM) on lucerne in separate solution culture experiments. Differences in root penetration were observed between three lucerne clones selected from the cultivars Hunter River and Siro Peruvian. At the first harvest, the magnitude of these differences was increased by the addition of lime to the profiles. The three genotypes produced similar total dry weight yields, but differed in their distribution of growth between shoots and roots. This distribution was not affected by the addition of lime to the subsoil. However, the length of roots in the lower layer of the profile ( > 60 cm depth) was more responsive to subsoil treatment than was total dry weight. At the final harvest, the shoot yields of two genotypes were affected by lime treatments, but that of the deepest-rooted genotype was not. The results suggest that improved genotypes could be selected from Australian lucernes for establishment in areas with acidic subsoils, but that selection on root penetration alone would not necessarily lead to increased shoot yields.

A comparison of the root growth, root morphology and root response to defoliation of Aristida ramosa R.Br. and Danthonia linkii Kunth

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Harradine ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Root Response ◽  
Native Pastures

Establishing plants of Aristida ramosa R.Br. and Danthonia linkii Kunth grown in root observation tubes differed markedly in their root growth and root morphology. Radicle extension of A. ramosa proceeded far more rapidly than that of D. linkii, and root branching occurred earlier and to a much greater extent in D. linkii. From 2 months after germination onwards, the maximum rooting depth of A. vamosa was greater than that of D. linkii, although total root dry weights for the two species were not significantly different. At 25 weeks from germination, 48 % of the root dry weight of D. linkii was present in the 0-10 cm level of the soil profile, while the corresponding figure for A. ramosa was 33 %. Root weight and rooting depth of both species were severely reduced by foliage clipping at weekly or monthly intervals, with roots being more sensitive to clipping than shoots. Clipping led to a concentration of root mass in the 0-10 cm level. The rapidly establishing seedling root system of A. vamosa would give it a competitive advantage over D. linkii in the environment of the north-western slopes of New South Wales. The results of the clipping trial suggest that grazing management may be manipulated to alter the relative abundance of A. ramosa and D. linkii in native pastures.

scholarly journals Effects of Some Growth Retardants on Shoot and Root Growth of Two Cool-season Turfgrasses

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 895E-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahed A. Al-Mana ◽  
Hesham H. Abdel-Kader ◽  
Ritchard J. Bisarove
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

Effects of mefluidide, paclobutrazol, and their mixture on shoot and root growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. `Wendy') and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. `Dawson') were studied under container culture. Mefluidide applied alone or in combination with paclobutrazol caused significant reduction in shoot and root growth of perennial ryegrass and red fescue. These treatments also enhanced turf green color of both species and increased their root–shoot percentage, with no major effect on turf quality. Paclobutrazol applied alone reduced shoot height of perennial ryegrass and red fescue by 10% and 32%, respectively, and caused little reduction in their shoot weights, with no effect on turf quality and color. Although paclobutrazol applied alone reduced the root length and percentage of root–shoot dry weight of perennial ryegrass, it did not affect red fescue.

scholarly journals Root growth and survivorship in cow manure and compost amended soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Baldi ◽  
M. Toselli
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Root Lifespan ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The effect of the application of compost and cow manure on nectarine (Prunus persica L.) root growth and survivorship was investigated in a commercial orchard during the growing seasons 2003, 2004 and 2005. Our main objective was to determine whether compost affects root dynamics differently than cow manure. The experiment was a complete randomized block design with four replicates of two treatments: cow manure and compost applied at planting in 2001 at 10 t dry weight (DW)/ha and from 2004 at the rate of 5 t DW/ha. The compost fertilization represented a yearly rate of 120 kg N/ha, while cow manure was approximately 80 kg N/ha/year. Both root growth and survival were evaluated at 20-day intervals during the growing season by the minirhizotron technique. Cow manure increased the production of new roots compared with compost (P ≤ 0.001). Roots were mainly produced at a depth of 21–40 cm for compost and 61–80 cm for cow manure. The root lifespan was longer in compost than in cow manure treated trees (P ≤ 0.05) and was strongly affected by depth. No differences were observed in root length and diameter.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CONTAINER SIZE AND TRANSPLANT SEQUENCE ON ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF TWO ILEX SPECIES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1166a-1166
Author(s):  
Patricia R. Knight ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Kenneth M. Tilt ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Stem cuttings of Ilex cornuta `Burfordii Nana' and Ilex × `Nellie R. Stevens', were direct stuck into cell pack, rose pot, quart pot, and trade gallon containers on March 4, 1991. Ten weeks and again at twenty weeks after sticking, rooted liners from cell pack, rose pot, and quart pot containers were transplanted into trade gallon containers. Thirty weeks after sticking, Nellie R. Stevens holly had a greater total root dry weight compared to Dwarf Burford holly. There were no differences in total root dry weight for any transplant treatment, but root distribution was influenced. Cell pack and rose pot liners transplanted twenty weeks after sticking showed a reduction in root growth in the root sector between the radius of a quart pot and a trade gallon pot. Shoot growth was also reduced for cell pack and rose pot liners that were transplanted into trade gallon containers twenty weeks after sticking.

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean Cyst Nematode on Growth of Dry Bean in the Field

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1299-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susilo H. Poromarto ◽  
Berlin D. Nelson ◽  
Rubella S. Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
The North ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Phaseolus vulgaris is a host of soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines), but the effects of SCN on growth of dry bean plants are poorly understood. To study the effects of SCN (HG type 0) on dry bean, the cultivars GTS-900 (pinto bean), Montcalm (kidney bean), and Mayflower (navy bean) were evaluated in eight field experiments at four locations between 2007 and 2009. Plants were grown in a pasteurized Arveson loam soil that was infested with SCN eggs at densities ranging from 0 to 10,000 eggs/100 cm3 soil. Soil was placed in 14.6-liter plastic pots that were buried in the field with the bottoms removed. SCN reproduced on all three dry bean cultivars with reproduction factors (RF = number of eggs in the soil at harvest divided by number of eggs at planting) ranging from 6.1 to1.2. RFs were higher for dry bean plants growing at lower egg densities compared to higher densities. Pod number (PN), pod weight (PW), seed number (SN), and seed weight (SW) of GTS-900 were significantly less at 5,000 and 10,000 eggs/100 cm3 soil compared with the control. Averaged over those two egg densities, PN, PW, SN, and SW were reduced by 44 to 56% over the 2 years compared with the control. For Montcalm, significant reductions of 31 to 35% in PW, SN, SW, and total dry weight (TDW) in treatments of 2,500 and 5,000 eggs/100 cm3 soil were recorded in 2009, but not in 2008. For Mayflower, significant reductions of 27 to 41% in PH, PW, SN, SW, and TDW in treatments of 2,500 and 5,000 eggs/100 cm3 soil compared with the control were recorded in one out of two experiments in 2009. The reproduction of SCN on roots and the reduction in plant growth and seed yield on three different bean classes under field conditions indicates SCN is a potential threat to the large dry bean industry in the North Dakota–northern Minnesota region.

scholarly journals Influence of Irrigation System and Frequency on Plant Growth, Root Distribution, and Water-use Efficiency

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 798A-798
Author(s):  
Jaime K. Morvant ◽  
John M. Dole ◽  
Janet C. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Bottom Region ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Euphorbia pulcherrima `Gutbier V-14 Glory' were grown with 220 mg·liter–1 N (20N–4.4P–16.6K) using ebb-and-flow (EF), capillary mat (CAP), microtube (MIC), and hand-watering (HAN) and were irrigated either daily (pulse - P) or as needed (regular - R). For all irrigation systems, pulse irrigation produced the greatest total dry weight. HAN-R produced lower total dry weight than all other irrigation systems and frequencies. Root dry weight was highest with pulse subirrigation (EF and CAP). MIC-P, EF-P, and EF-R were the most water-efficient treatments. The experiment was repeated twice with similar results. In a second experiment, Pelargonium ×hortorum `Pinto Red' root balls were sliced into three equal segments; top, middle, and bottom. For all irrigation systems, root counts were lowest in the top region. EF root counts were greatest in the middle region, while MIC root counts were greatest in the bottom region. The two subirrigation systems had higher average root counts than the two top-irrigated systems (HAN and MIC). In general, there was less difference in EC between regions for top-irrigated than for subirrigated root balls. The EC was lowest in the bottom and middle regions of EF and the bottom region of MIC and CAP. For subirrigation, the highest EC was in the top region. For all systems, pH was lowest in the bottom region.

scholarly journals 343 INCREASING CELL SIZE AND MEDIA PACKING ENHANCES THE GROWTH OF LETTUCE SEED LINGS. TRANSPLANT QUALITY, AND FIELD PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 479f-480
Author(s):  
Silvana Nicola ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Light Competition ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cell size and media density can modify plant quality of greenhouse grown transplants through variation in light competition among plants, water and nutrient retention and root growth volumes required to fill the cells Thus, `South Bay' lettuce (Lactuga sativa L.) seedlings were grown in the greenhouse during different seasons to investigate the effect of different cell size and media packing density on transplant quality and yield for lettuce grown on sand and muck soils at different latitudes. Four Speedling flat cell sizes (882, 392, 242, 124 cells/flat) and two media packing densities (unpacked and packed - 1.5 times in weight) were tested in all the trials. Few seedling data parameters had an interaction between cell size and media density at transplanting. The larger cell size (242, 124 cells/flat) and greater media density led to increase leaf area, leaf length, shoot and total dry weight, RGR and LWR Conversely, RWR and the root:shoot ratio had the opposite trend, reaching the greater values with smaller cell size and less media density. High root growth can improve the pulling of the plants from the tray at transplanting and quicker establishment in the field. The treatments did not affect yield of plants grown on organic soil. When plants were grown on sandy soil head weights were greater from plants grown in 392, 242, or 124 cells/flat compared to 882 cells/flat.

scholarly journals Root Distribution of `Gulfcoast' Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 428A-428
Author(s):  
J.M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
System Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Southern Highbush

A field study was conducted to evaluate individual and collective influences of three soil moisture-supplementing practices (irrigation, incorporated peatmoss, and mulching) on root system development in `Gulfcoast' southern highbush blueberries. Root growth was least in plants not mulched and greatest in plants receiving all three supplements. Ranking of individual treatments on root dry weight production was mulch > incorporated peatmoss = irrigation. Mulching resulted in uniform root distribution from the plant crown outward and in root growth concentrated in the upper 15 cm of soil. Other practices (peatmoss > irrigation) tended to concentrate the root system near the crown area and resulted (peatmoss = irrigation) in greater root depth. Soil moisture appeared to be the major factor influencing root distribution.

scholarly journals Copper Hydroxide Controls Root Distribution In Container-Grown Carpentaria Palm

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 271D-271
Author(s):  
Sven E. Svenson ◽  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
House Paint ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Medium Interface

The influence of copper hydroxide [Cu(OH)2] application to interior container surfaces on root growth at the container-medium interface was studied using Carpentaria palm [Carpentaria acuminata (H. Wendl. & Drude) Becc.]. Cu(OH)2 (0, 100, 200, or 400 g) was mixed with one liter of either white latex house paint, or NuFilm-17 surfactant, and applied to all surfaces inside 0.5 liter containers. Plants were grown in untreated containers, in containers treated with paint or NuFilm-17 only, or in containers treated with Cu(OH)2 in paint (100 g rate only) or NuFilm-17 (100, 200 or 400 g per liter). When applied in paint or NuFilm-17, Cu(OH)2 reduced root growth at the container-medium interface, controlling the circular growth pattern commonly observed in container-grown plants. Controlling circling root growth at the soil-container interface did not influence shoot or root dry weight, but did reduce total root length. Application of Cu(OH)2 with paint was unsightly, while application with NuFilm-17 was almost unnoticeable.

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