scholarly journals Influence of Stock Plant Nitrogen Fertilization on Rooting Stem Cuttings of Loblolly Pine

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 805D-805
Author(s):  
D.B. Rowe ◽  
F.A. Blazich ◽  
F.C. Wise ◽  
S.L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

Containerized, 1.5-year-old, hedged stock plants of four full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were fertilized daily with a complete nutrient solution containing 9 ppm P, 38 ppm K, and either 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 ppm N. Softwood cuttings were removed in May and July 1994, and placed under intermittent mist at two locations: Raleigh and Summerville. Overall rooting was significantly greater at Summerville (49%) than in Raleigh (37%). Cuttings taken in May rooted at significantly greater percentages than the July cuttings (57% vs. 29%). Overall rooting (56%) and root area (12 cm2) were greatest at 40 ppm N, whereas root number (two), root dry weight (66 mg), and total root length (108 cm) were maximized at 20 ppm N. Although family was not significant, a family × nitrogen interaction occurred. For both rooting trials, maximum rooting (83%) was noted for May cuttings rooted in Summerville, which were taken from stock plants of one family fertilized with 20 ppm N.

scholarly journals 343 Effects of Jiffy Forestry Peat Pellets on Rooting and Subsequent Field Performance of Stem Cuttings of Loblolly Pine

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 451B-451
Author(s):  
Anthony V. LeBude ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Barry Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Pellet Size ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Sib Families

Experiments conducted in January (hardwood cuttings) and June (softwood cuttings) 1998 compared rooting and root dry weight (DW) of stem cuttings of three full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) rooted in Jiffy forestry peat pellets and Ray Leach Super Cells. Ray Leach Super Cells (vol.= 162 cm3) served as the control and contained a medium of 2 peat: 3 perlite (v/v). Pellet sizes used were 25-65, 30-65, 36-65, 36-75, 42-65, 42-80, and 50-95 (dry diam.-expanded height in mm). Cuttings were taken from hedged stock plants and rooted for 12 weeks under mist in a humidity-controlled greenhouse. Following evaluation for rooting in the June experiment, ≈500 rooted cuttings in pellets and Ray Leach Super Cells were field-planted in eastern Georgia in December 1998 to study the effect of pellet size and cutting development on first-year field growth. Rooting percentages in January for hardwood cuttings rooted in pellet sizes 42-80 (36%) and 50-95 (57%) were less than the control (83%). Root DW for each pellet size was less than the control. Rooting percentage in June for softwood cuttings rooted in pellet size 36-65 (77%) was greater than the control (64%) whereas rooting percentages for cuttings rooted in pellet sizes 42-80 (50%) and 50-95 (52%) were less than the control. Root DWs for cuttings in pellet sizes 25-65, 30-65, 36-65, and 42-65 were less than the control. Field performance data will be presented.

scholarly journals Influence of Stock Plant Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Content on Rooting Stem Cuttings of Hedged Loblolly Pine

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 566d-566
Author(s):  
D.B. Rowe ◽  
F.A. Blazich ◽  
D.M. Pharr ◽  
F.C. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Containerized, 2.5-year-old, hedged stock plants of four, full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were fertilized daily with a complete nutrient solution containing 10, 25, 40, 55, or 70 ppm N, which resulted in a range of stock plant soluble carbohydrate (SCHO) and tissue N levels. SCHOs included myo-inositol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, and raffinose. Nitrogen concentrations and SCHO: N ratios ranged from 1.23% to 2.24% and 16:1 to 29:1, respectively. Softwood cuttings were taken in May and July 1995 and placed under intermittent mist. May cuttings rooted at significantly greater percentages than July cuttings (60% vs. 34%). Averaged over all N treatments, the best rooting family (56%) contained the highest tissue concentration of SCHOs (465 mg·g–1 dry weight) and had the highest SCHO: N ratio (26:1), whereas, the poorest rooting family (39%), exhibited the lowest level of SCHOs (357 mg·g–1 dry weight) and the lowest SCHO: N ratio (21:1). Rooting exhibited a quadratic response in regards to N fertilization levels and tissue SCHO concentrations. For both rooting trials, maximum rooting (83%) was noted for May cuttings taken from stock plants of one family fertilized with 40 ppm N, which corresponded to a tissue N concentration of 1.95% and a SCHO: N ratio of 22:1.

scholarly journals Mineral Nutrient and Carbohydrate Status of Loblolly Pine during Mist Propagation as Influenced by Stock Plant Nitrogen Fertility

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1279-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bradley Rowe ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Robert J. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
The Poor

Hedged stock plants of four full-sib families [27-2 × 27-5, 27-3 × 27-1, 27-2 × 27-1, and 27-6 × 27-1 (designated B, G, R, and W)] of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were fertilized daily with a complete nutrient solution containing N at 10, 25, 40, 55, or 70 mg·L–1. In May, terminal softwood stem cuttings were taken and placed under intermittent mist. Families were combined to form composite poor-rooting (BR) and good-rooting (GW) families. At 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after sticking, cuttings were evaluated for rooting and analyzed for mineral nutrient and carbohydrate content. Percent rooting by week 12 for cuttings from stock plants receiving N between 25 to 70 mg·L–1 was 28% to 33%, whereas significantly fewer (17%) cuttings from plants receiving 10 mg·L–1 had rooted. By week 12, 98% of cuttings taken from stock plants receiving N at 10 mg·L–1 were alive, while significantly fewer (81% and 82%) of the more succulent cuttings receiving 55 and 70 mg·L–1, respectively, had survived. Nearly all increases in cutting height occurred within the first 3 weeks. In contrast, top dry weight increased steadily throughout the experiment. There were no significant differences in rooting between the two composite families until week 12, when 32% of cuttings from family GW had rooted compared with 24% for family BR. Survival of cuttings was greater for the poor-rooting family (BR) (94%) than for the good-rooting family (GW) (82%) after 12 weeks. Levels of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) and individual soluble sugars were initially higher in cuttings taken from stock plants that received higher rates of N, whereas the reverse was true for starch content. With the exception of sucrose, content of TNC and soluble carbohydrates generally increased over time. Starch was nearly depleted by week 3, but had increased by weeks 6 and 9. No correlation was found between TNC: N ratios and rooting percentage. Family GW contained greater quantities of myo-inositol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrates (TSC), and TNC than did family BR. Mineral nutrient content was generally greater in cuttings taken from stock plants that received higher rates of N; these cuttings also maintained higher levels throughout the 12-week rooting period. As with the soluble carbohydrates, the good-rooting composite family (GW) contained greater amounts of all mineral nutrients than did the poor-rooting family BR.

scholarly journals The Association of a Longidorus Species with Stunting and Root Damage of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Fraedrich ◽  
Michelle M. Cram
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A Longidorus species was consistently associated with patches of stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine seedlings at a forest-tree nursery in Georgia. Seedlings from affected areas had poorly developed root systems that lacked lateral and feeder roots. Longidorus population densities in composite soil samples from the margins of patches ranged from 9 to 67 nematodes per 100 cm3 of soil. In a growth chamber experiment, seedling root dry weight decreased with respect to the initial Longidorus dose as well as the final Longidorus populations in containers. The dry root weight of seedlings were 0.117, 0.090, 0.066, and 0.065 g in containers initially infested with 0, 50, 100, and 200 Longidorus, respectively. Lateral and fine roots were lacking on seedlings at the highest doses. Populations of Longidorus increased in all containers during the experiment. Damage to loblolly pine seedlings caused by Longidorus is a previously undescribed problem in southern pine nurseries. Proper diagnosis of the problem by nematode testing laboratories may require the use of extraction techniques specific for larger nematodes such as Longidorus.

scholarly journals Propagation of Ulmus parvifolia ‘Emerald Prairie’ by Stem Cuttings

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Kenneth R. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Ulmus Parvifolia ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Terminal Shoot

Abstract Stem cuttings of Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. ‘Emerald Prairie’ (‘Emerald Prairie’ lacebark elm), consisting of 7.5 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in) terminal shoot portions, were collected four times throughout the year from mature stock plants and treated with the potassium (K) salt of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA) ranging from 0 to 20,000 ppm (2.0%). Rooting percentages were affected greatly by K-IBA treatment and stock plant growth stage. Little to no rooting was observed without K-IBA application, whereas overall rooting for treated softwood, early semi-hardwood, late semi-hardwood, and hardwood, cuttings was 92, 86, 87, and 8%, respectively. Mean root number varied by growth stage and K-IBA concentration. Higher concentrations of K-IBA increased the number of roots on rooted cuttings except for hardwood cuttings. In general, rooting percentage and mean root number were highest at the softwood stage with 15,000 or 20,000 ppm (1.5 or 2.0%) K-IBA, resulting in 97% rooting and 15 or 22 roots per rooted cutting, respectively. However, leaf abscission was high on softwood cuttings. Semi-hardwood cuttings achieved similar rooting percentages and may exhibit better survival and growth due to greater leaf retention.

scholarly journals Mist, Vapor Pressure Deficit, and Cutting Water Potential Influence Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Loblolly Pine

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 890D-890
Author(s):  
Anthony V. LeBude* ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Range Of Values

Producing high quality rooted stem cuttings on a large scale requires precise management of the rooting environment. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the rooting environment on adventitious root formation of stem cuttings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Hardwood stem cuttings of loblolly pine were collected in Feb. 2002 from hedged stock plants and stored at 4 °C until setting in Apr. 2002. One hundred stem cuttings per plot in each of two replications received 45, 61, 73, 102, 147, or 310 mL·m-2 of mist delivered intermittently by a traveling gantry (boom) system. Mist frequency was similar for all treatments and was related inversely to relative humidity (RH) within the polyethylene covered greenhouse. Rooting tubs in each plot were filled with a substrate of fine silica sand, and substrate water potential was held constant using soil tensiometers that activated a subirrigation system. Cutting water potential was measured destructively on two cuttings per plot beginning at 0500 hr every 3 hh until 2300 hr (seven measurements) 7, 14, 21, or 28 days after setting. During rooting, leaf temperature and RH were recorded in each plot to calculate vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Cutting water potential and VPD were strongly related to mist application. Cutting water potential was also related to VPD. Rooting percentage had a linear and quadratic relationship with mean cutting water potential and VPD averaged between 1000 and 1800 HR. Eighty percent rooting occurred within a range of values for VPD. Data suggest that VPD can be used to manage the water deficit of stem cuttings of loblolly pine to increase rooting percentage. These results may be applicable to other species and to other rooting environments.

scholarly journals Mist Level Influences Vapor Pressure Deficit and Gas Exchange During Rooting of Juvenile Stem Cuttings of Loblolly Pine

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1448-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony V. LeBude ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
John Frampton ◽  
Farrell C. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Ambient Conditions

Two experiments were conducted during which juvenile hardwood or softwood stem cuttings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were rooted under six mist regimes in a polyethylene-covered greenhouse to investigate the effect of mist level on vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and cutting water potential (Ψcut), and to determine the relationships between these variables and rooting percentage. In addition, net photosynthesis at ambient conditions (Aambient) and stomatal conductance (gs) were measured in stem cuttings during adventitious root formation to determine their relationship to rooting percentage. Hardwood stem cuttings rooted ≥80% when mean daily VPD between 1000 and 1800 hr ranged from 0.60 to 0.85 kPa. Although rooting percentage was related to Ψcut, and Aambient was related to Ψcut, rooting percentage of softwood stem cuttings was not related to Aambient of stem cuttings. Using VPD as a control mechanism for mist application during adventitious rooting of stem cuttings of loblolly pine might increase rooting percentages across a variety of rooting environments.

scholarly journals WholeTree Substrate and Fertilizer Rate in Production of Greenhouse-grown Petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Vilm.) and Marigold (Tagetes patula L.)

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 700-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Cheryl R. Boyer ◽  
Anthony L. Witcher
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Starter Fertilizer ◽  
Industry Standard

A substrate component (WholeTree) made from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was evaluated along with starter fertilizer rate in the production of greenhouse-grown petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Vilm. ‘Dreams Purple’) and marigold (Tagetes patula L. ‘Hero Spry’). Loblolly pine from a 12-year-old plantation were harvested at ground level, chipped, and further processed through a hammer mill to pass a 0.64-cm screen. The resulting WholeTree (WT) substrate was used alone or combined with 20% (WTP2) or 50% (WTP5) (by volume) Canadian sphagnum peatmoss and compared with an industry standard peat-lite (PL) mix of 8 peatmoss : 1 vermiculite : 1 perlite (by volume). Substrates were amended with 1.78 kg·m−3 dolomitic lime, 0.59 kg·m−3 gypsum [CaSO4-2(H2O)], 0.44 kg·m−3 Micromax, 1.78 kg·m−3 16N–2.6P–9.9K (3- to 4-month release), and 1.78 kg·m−3 16N–2.6P–10.8K (5- to 6-month release). A 7N–1.3P–8.3K starter fertilizer (SF) was added to each substrate at 0.0, 1.19, 2.37, or 3.56 kg·m−3. Container capacity (CC) was greatest for PL and decreased as the percentage of peatmoss in the substrate decreased with WT having 35% less CC than PL. Conversely, air space (AS) was greatest for the WT and decreased as percentage of peatmoss increased with PL containing 33% less AS than WT. In general, petunia dry weight was greatest for any substrate containing peatmoss with a SF rate of 2.37 kg·m−3 or greater. The exception was that petunia grown in WT at 3.56 kg·m−3 SF had similar dry weight as all other treatments. Marigold dry weight was similar for all substrates where at least 2.37 kg·m−3 SF was used.

scholarly journals Ultra-high CO2 Levels Enhance Loblolly Pine Seedling Growth, Morphogenesis, and Secondary Metabolism

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tisserat ◽  
S.F. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Co2 Levels

The growth (fresh weight), morphogenesis (number of needles and roots and shoot length) and monoterpene (α- and β-pinene) levels were determined in Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) seedlings exposed to 350, 1,500, 3,000, 10,000, or 30,000 μmol·mol-1 CO2 for 30 days under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings exposed to ultra-high levels (i.e., ≥3000 μmol·mol-1 CO2) had significantly higher (P = 0.05) fresh weight, needle number, root number, and shoot lengths compared to seedlings grown under ambient air (350 μmol·mol-1 CO2). Seedling fresh weights, number of roots, shoot length, and number of needles from pine seedlings supplemented with 10,000 μmol·mol-1 CO2 increased 341%, 200%, 74%, and 75 %, respectively, when compared to seedlings grown without any CO2 enrichment. In addition, α- and β-pinene levels in seedlings increased under ultra-high CO2 levels. The dominant monoterpene, α-pinene, increased 57% in seedlings grown under 10,000 μmol·mol-1 CO2 compared to levels obtained under 350 μmol·mol-1 CO2.

scholarly journals Propagation Medium Moisture Level Influences Adventitious Rooting of Woody Stem Cuttings

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Rein ◽  
Robert D. Wright ◽  
John R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Species Incidence ◽  
Propagation Medium

Stem cuttings of Blue Rug juniper (Juniperus horizontalis Moench `Wiltonii'), `Hino-Crimson' azalea [Rhododendron (Lindl.) P1anch `Hino-Crimson'], and `Helleri' holly (Ilex crenata Thunb. `Helleri') were propagated in 1 peat: 1 perlite (v/v) at one of five moisture levels based on medium dry weight (125%, 250%, 375%, 500%, or 625%). Cutting survival and percentage of rooted cuttings were highest at the highest medium moisture level in all three species. Incidence of cutting basal rot was not directly related to medium moisture level, but more to the growth stage of the stock plant. Midday xylem water potential (ψ) of cuttings for each species was highest in the wettest propagation medium and lowest in the driest medium. During propagation, stem cutting ψ below - 2.0 MPa occurred even in the wettest medium tested, and frequently reached - 4.0 MPa in cuttings in the driest treatment (125%). Basal water uptake by cuttings was highest in the wettest medium moisture level. Water uptake was highest during the first few days after insertion, and thereafter decreased until root emergence.

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