scholarly journals Effects of Preemergence Herbicides on Weed Control and Yield and Vase Life of Leatherleaf Fern

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 820D-820
Author(s):  
Robert H. Stamps
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Rumohra Adiantiformis ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Establishment Phase

Six preemergence herbicides were applied twice a year at 1x and 2x rates for 2 years to leatherleaf fern [Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst.) Ching] starting from the time of rhizome planting. Predominant weeds present were Cardimine hirsuta, Erechrites hieracifolia, Oxalis stricta, and Phyllanthus tenellus. All herbicides, except pendimethalin and oxadiazon at the 1x rates, reduced weed biomass by 60% to 99% compared to the unweeded control during the fern bed establishment phase (year 1). During that period, hand-weeding times were reduced (51% to 95%) by prodiamine and dithiopyr at both rates, and oxadiazon and pendimethalin at 2x rates. During year 2, herbicides were of greatly reduced benefit due to reduced weed growth caused by the increasingly competitive fern. After 2 years, only 2x dithiopyr-treated plots had reduced yields compared to the hand-weeded controls. Herbicide treatments had no detrimental effects on frond postharvest longevity. In fact, fronds harvested from the 1x isoxaben-treated plots exhibited increased vase life compared to the controls.

scholarly journals 014 Effects of Preemergence Herbicides on Weeds and Eighteen Containerized Crops

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 390C-390
Author(s):  
Robert H. Stamps ◽  
Daniel W. McColley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Cycas Revoluta ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Five preemergence herbicides (prodiamine 0.5 G, prodiamine 65 WDG, dithiopyr 0.27 G, thiazopyr 2.5 G, and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin 3 G) were evaluated for weed control and crop safety on 18 plants (Acer rubrum, Agapanthus africanus, Asparagus densiflorus, Camellia sasanqua, × Cupressocyparis leylandii, Cycas revoluta, Galphimia gracillis, Gelsemium sempervirens, Illicium parviflorum, Lantana camara, Loropetalum chinense, Myrtis communis, Ophiopogon jaburan, Plumbago, Quercus virginiana, Rhododendron, Viburnum suspensum, and Zamia floridana. Herbicides were applied at 1.7 kg a.i./ha, except for oxyfluorfern + pendimethalin, which was applied at 3.4 kg a.i./ha. Treatments were applied twice at 4-month intervals. Untreated and weed-free controls were used to determine herbicide effects on weeds and crops, respectively. All herbicide treatments reduced weed growth (dry-weight basis) and weeding times. Major weeds were dogfennel [Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small], southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler], yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta L.), tasselflower (Emilia spp.), and hairy crabweed [Fatoua villosa (Thumb.) Nakai]. Based on weed dry weights, overall weed control for the first 4 months was higher for diazopyr, thiazopyr, and prodiamine G than for the combination treatment. At 8 months, weed growth was similar for all herbicide treatments. The combination treatment was acutely phytotoxicity to more crops than the other treatments; however, phytotoxicity varied with crop, active ingredient, and formulation.

Preplant Weed Control in a Ridge-Till Soybean (Glycine max) and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Rotation

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Keith A. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Research in Kansas from 1983 to 1986 evaluated early preplant (30 to 45 days) and late preplant (10 to 14 days) herbicide treatments for weed control before ridge-till planting in a soybean and sorghum rotation. Control of fall panicum and common lambsquarters at planting time averaged at least 95% for all early preplant and 92% for late preplant treatments. Where no preplant treatment was used, heavy weed growth in spring delayed soil dry-down, which resulted in poor ridge-till planting conditions and reduced plant stands, and ultimately reduced sorghum grain yields by 24% and soybean yields by 12%. Horsenettle population declined significantly, and honeyvine milkweed population increased. Smooth groundcherry populations fluctuated from year to year with no overall change.

scholarly journals Municipal Solid Waste Compost Suppresses Weeds in Vegetable Crop Alleys

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1171-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Roe ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella ◽  
Herbert H. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Compost ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

A mulch of municipal solid waste compost at 224 t·ha was compared with glyphosate sprays and a nontreated check for weed control in vegetable crop bed alleys during Spring and Summer 1992. In both experiments, there was a significantly lower percentage of weed coverage in the compost mulch and herbicide spray plots than in the control plots. Weed control in the compost and herbicide treatments was similar. In the spring experiment, tractor tire traffic through the alleys reduced weed growth in all plots by 62 % and 44% at 16 and 73 days after treatment initiation, respectively. These results suggest that municipal solid waste compost may have potential as a viable mulch for weed control in vegetable crop alleys. Chemical name used: isopropylamine salt of N -(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate).

scholarly journals Bioefficacy, Phytotoxicity and Economics of Post-emergence Herbicides in Moth Bean (Vigna aconitifolia) in Hot Arid Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Jat ◽  
D.V. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moth Bean ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Clodinafop Propargyl

Background: Weed infestation is the major cause of yield loss to Kharif pulses in arid regions. Post-emergence herbicide application is a promising weed management option for pulses in these areas. Therefore, the current study was aimed to find an effective and economic post-emergence herbicide molecule for weed control in moth bean. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during 2017-2019 with different herbicides, hand weeding, weed-free and unweededs in Kharif mung bean in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Result: Among the herbicide treatments, post-emergence application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i. ha-1 being statistically at par with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i. ha-1 and hand weeding recorded the highest reduction in total weed dry matter (73.9%), highest weed control efficiency (73.8%) and lowest weed persistence index (1.03) compared to the unweeded. The reduction in seed yield in unweeded compared to weed-free and hand weeding was 50.8% and 42.1%, respectively. As the imazethapyr-containing herbicides caused crop phytotoxicity, significantly higher crop dry weight (513 g m-2), seed yield (5.53 q ha-1), stover yield (18.0 q ha-1), gross returns and net benefits of moth bean were recorded with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen (312.5 g a.i. ha-1) over other herbicide treatments. Clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen (@312.5 g a.i. ha-1) registered the minimum value of weed index (20) and highest values of herbicide efficiency index (3.9) and crop resistance index (4.70).

scholarly journals Weed Control with Landscape Fabrics

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Bonnie Lee Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract Six polypropylene landscape fabrics were compared with black plastic and preemergence herbicides for weed control. Large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] shoots and roots and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) shoots penetrated all of the fabrics tested and developed into large plants. In greenhouse studies, black plastic plus mulch, and pennant (metolachlor) [2-chloro-N-(2ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] at 4.5 kg ai/ha (4.0 lb/A) plus mulch provided equal, or greater control of large crabgrass than the landscape fabrics. In the field study, more time was required to hand-weed landscape fabrics covered with mulch than uncovered fabrics. When covered with mulch, hand-weeding time and weed shoot fresh weights were similar for black plastic, surflan (oryzalin) [4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide] at 2.2 kg/ha (2.0 lb/A), and the landscape fabrics.

scholarly journals Influence of Winter Rye and Preemergence Herbicides on Weed Control in No-tillage Zucchini Squash Production

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Scott A. Nolte ◽  
Bryan G. Young
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Residue Biomass ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

The influence of `Elbon', `Maton', and `Wheeler' winter rye (Secale cereale) with or without herbicide treatments on weed control in no-tillage (NT) zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo) was determined. `Elbon' or `Maton' produced higher residue biomass, greater soil coverage, and higher weed control compared with `Wheeler'. Although winter rye alone did not provide sufficient weed control (generally <70%), it provided substantially greater redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) control (regardless of cultivar used) compared with no winter rye at both 28 and 56 days after transplanting (DAT). No effect (P > 0.05) of winter rye cultivar on early or total squash yield was detected. Although applying clomazone + ethalfluralin to winter rye residues improved redroot pigweed control compared with no herbicide, the level of control was generally not adequate (<85% control) by 56 DAT. Treatments that included halosulfuron provided greater control of redroot pigweed than clomazone + ethalfluralin, and redroot pigweed control from halosulfuron treatments was similar to the weed-free control. However, regardless of year or cover crop, any treatment with halosulfuron caused unacceptable injury to zucchini squash plants which lead to reduced squash yield (primarily early yields). Insignificant amounts of squash injury (<10% due to stunting) resulted from clomazone + ethalfluralin in no-tillage plots during either year. Treatments with clomazone + ethalfluralin had early and total yields that were similar to those of the weed-free control, although this herbicide combination provided less weed control compared with the weed-free control.

scholarly journals Effect of water management and weed control treatments on the performance of transplanted aman rice

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Kabir ◽  
MN Bari ◽  
M Moynul Haque ◽  
GJU Ahmed ◽  
JMS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Hand Weeding

A study was conducted from June to December 2003 to assess weed dynamics and yield performance of transplanted aman rice (cv. BRRI Dhan39) in different weed control treatments e.g. two hand weedings at 15 and 40 DAT; Weeding by BRRI Weeder at 20 and 40 DAT; Rifit 500EC @ 1L/ha at 7 DAT; Rifit 500EC @ 1 L/ha at 7 DAT and one hand weeding at 40 DAT; Butachlor 5G @ 2 kg/ha at 7 DAT; Butachlor 5G @ 2 kg/ha at 7 DAT and one hand weeding at 40 DAT along with weed free and unweeded check under both good and poor water management practices. Weed density, weed biomass and weed control efficiency were significantly influenced by different weed control treatments under both water management practices. Other than weed free treatment, Butachlor 5G @ 2 kg/ha applied at 7 DAT along with one hand weeding at 40 DAT showed the best performance under good water management with minimum weed density (16 g/m2) as well as weed biomass (9.27 g/m2) and the highest weed control efficiency (82.57%). Yield and yield components were also significantly influenced by different weed control treatments and water management. The highest grain yield (5.22 t/ha) was obtained under good water management in weed free treatment followed by Butachlor 5G @ 2 kg/ ha and one hand weeding (4.96 t/ha) under same water management. Results revealed that integration of approaches, particularly Butachlor application along with one manual weeding accompanied by proper water management might be the best option to combat weed problems as well as to obtain satisfactory grain yield in transplanted aman rice. Key Words: Transplanted aman rice, water management, weed control treatment and yield. doi:10.3329/bjar.v33i3.1599 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(3) : 399-408, September 2008

Preemergence Weed Control in Row Middles of Polyethylene-Mulched Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea)

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Gilreath ◽  
Daniel A. Botts ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Joan A. Dusky
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Stand Yield

Four experiments were conducted in 1985 and 1986 at three locations to assess weed control efficacy and phytotoxicity of several preemergence herbicides applied between beds (row middles) of polyethylene-mulched cauliflower grown on raised beds. Efficacy of most herbicide treatments varied among the four experiments; however, 4.5 kg ai/ha diethatyl and tank mixes of oxyfluorfen with cinmethylin consistently controlled weeds best. Plant stand, yield, and cauliflower curd size were not affected by treatment for any of the varieties used at any of the locations.

EFFECT OF WEED COMPETITION AND WEED CONTROL PROGRAMS ON RUTABAGA YIELD

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 917-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Weed Removal

The effects of different periods of weed competition and of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), niclofen (2,4-dichloro-phenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether), and cultivations were studied for effects on yield of rutabaga (Brassica napobrassica Mill. ’York’). Delaying weed removal for 4 wk after crop emergence significantly reduced yields of marketable and total roots compared with plots kept weed-free all season. Delayed weeding beyond 4 wk resulted in progressively greater reductions in yield. Rutabagas kept weed-free for 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk from crop emergence by once-weekly weeding gave yields comparable to those kept weed-free all season. Herbicide treatments without hand-weeding gave significantly lower yields than those with one hand-weeding. The use of three hand-weedings with herbicides was not significantly better than herbicides with one hand-weeding. Level of weed control was dependent on weed species present in the test area; however, a combination of trifluralin and niclofen gave a broader spectrum of control and better crop yields than either used alone.

scholarly journals Preemergence herbicides on weed control in elephant grass pasture

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Alexandre Magno Brighenti ◽  
Leonardo Henrique Ferreira Calsavara ◽  
Yago Vieira Guerra Varotto
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

ABSTRACT Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is an important forage crop that has been proposed as a potential feedstock for bioenergy production. However, weed interference is a major factor limiting elephant grass production. Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 to evaluate preemergence herbicides for selective weed control in an elephant grass pasture. Herbicide treatments included atrazine + S-metolachlor, atrazine + simazine, ametryn, ethoxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, diuron + hexazinone, sulfentrazone, imazethapyr, and atrazine at label use rates. Weedy and weed-free treatments were included. Atrazine + S-metolachlor, atrazine + simazine, ametryn, ethoxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, and atrazine did not cause phytotoxicity on elephantgrass 35 days after treatment (DAT). However, diuron + hexazinone and imazethapyr were the most phytotoxic on elephantgrass, resulting in 81 and 70% phytotoxicity in 2014, and 7 and 6% phytotoxicity in 2015 respectively 35 DAT. All treatments provided effective weed control (>81%) with the exception of ethoxysulfuron (0 and 11% in 2014 and 2015, respectively), and atrazine (59% in 2014). These results show that atrazine + S-metolachlor, atrazine + simazine, ametryn, ethoxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, and atrazine were selectives when applied in preemergence in elephant grass pasture.

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